Developmental Biology Bio 315 Lecture Notes PDF

Developmental Biology Bio 315 EDWIN P. HERRERA, JR. Faculty Member, Natural and Applied Sciences Department COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija Bio 315...

Developmental Biology Bio 315 EDWIN P. HERRERA, JR. Faculty Member, Natural and Applied Sciences Department COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Unit 1 Introduction to Developmental Biology Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Outline A. Origin B. Impact of Developmental Biology C. Future Impact Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Objectives 1. Explain the basic premise of developmental biology; 2. Identify the importance of the course to the society; and 3. Discuss possible applications of the course for future research and breakthrough of ideas. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Developmental Biology Science of how biological form changes in time Fertilized egg → Animal (cell types, tissues, body parts) Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Developmental Biology Other context: regeneration, metamorphosis, differentiation Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Central Position in Modern Biology Unites the disciplines of Molecular/Cellular biology Genetics Morphology Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Molecular/Cell Biology How individual genes and cells work In development: inducing factors, their receptors, signal transduction (cell signaling) pathways, and transcription factors. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Genetics Function of an individual gene and how it relates to the activities of other genes Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Morphology Anatomical structure Both a consequence and a cause of the molecular events. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Developmental Biology A synthetic discipline contributions from the other areas of science Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST A. Where the subject came from? Mechanisms of development are very similar for all animals, including humans Molecular basis of developmental processes Dramatic advances → 3 main traditions into a single world view 1. Experimental embryology 2. Developmental genetics 3. Molecular biology Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST  Danio rerio Drosophila melanogaster Mus musculus Xenopus tropicalis Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST B. Impact of Developmental Biology 1. In vitro fertilization (IVF), Artificial Insemination by Donor (AID), embryo freezing, embryo transfer increase the reproductive potential of the best animals. 2. Organogenesis – human embryos are particularly sensitive to damage during this period Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST B. Impact of Developmental Biology 3. Teratology awareness of the need to protect pregnant women from the effects of various agents. 4. Understanding of the genetic or chromosomal basis of many human birth defects E.g. Down Syndrome Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST B. Impact of Developmental Biology 5. Growth regulatory substances hematopoietic growth factors erythropoietin and granulocyte– macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) used to treat patients whose blood cells are depleted by cancer chemotherapy, or for other reasons fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been used to assist the healing of wounds. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Developmental Biology 6. Genetically modified mice animal models of human diseases, enabling more detailed study of pathological mechanisms and the testing of new experimental therapies. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST B. Impact of Developmental Biology 7. “Midwife” of stem cell biology Embryonic stem cells (discovered by developmental biologists ) Methods for directed differentiation of these cells depends on the understanding of the normal sequence of embryonic inductions (built up by developmental biologists) Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST C. Future Impact The past of the subject is significant Future impact will certainly be much greater Problems attributed to the subject Ethical and legal problems Note: resolved by society as a whole and not just the scientists who are the current practitioners of the subject Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST C. Future Impact It is important that an understanding of developmental biology becomes as widespread as possible, because only with an appreciation of the science will people be able to make informed choices. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST C. Future Impact Practical Significance 1. Pharmaceutical industry 2. Assays 3. Prenatal screening 4. Therapy for growth and regeneration processes 5. Production of human cells, tissues, or organs for transplantation. 6. Agriculture Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST C. Future Impact QUESTION: Application of developmental biology to environmental science? Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST Test your self 1. Explain the basic premise of developmental biology; 2. Identify the importance of the course to the society; and 3. Discuss possible applications of the course for future research and breakthrough of ideas. Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST  Questions? Clarifications? Inputs? Bio 315 BS Envi. Sci. / Natural and Applied Sciences Department, CAS, NEUST