ArtApp Midterm Exam 2022-2023

# KUPAL KABA BOSS????? PAGTUON! ## Lesson 2: Fundamentals of Art: Forms of Art The lesson explores the numerous forms of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, and digital art. Students will categorize these art forms by referencing personal experiences and providing examples. ### Forms of Art...

# KUPAL KABA BOSS????? PAGTUON! ## Lesson 2: Fundamentals of Art: Forms of Art The lesson explores the numerous forms of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, and digital art. Students will categorize these art forms by referencing personal experiences and providing examples. ### Forms of Art * **Painting:** is a form of art creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by using pigments. Ang Kiukok's painting Fishermen portrays the collective struggle and hope of fishermen, with a crimson sun above them symbolizing perpetual energy. * **Sculpture:** It refers to the design and construction of three-dimensional forms representing natural objects or imaginary shapes. The Oblation, a concrete statue by Philippine National Artist Guillermo Tolentino, symbolizes a selfless offering to the University of the Philippines, depicting a man facing upward with arms outstretched. * **Architecture:** is a form of art designing and constructing buildings and other structures. The Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, or Grand Mosque of Cotabato, is the largest mosque in the Philippines, funded by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei and designed by Christian architect Felino Palafox. * **Music:** combines and regulates sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions expressing various ideas and emotions. Anak is the most iconic Filipino song of all time and considered the biggest OPM international hit. * **Dance:** is the most direct of the arts because it uses the human body as its medium. Singkil is a dance from the Maranao people that retells the rescue of Princess Gandingan by Prince Bantugan from diwata. * **Theater:** is a drama or play is a story re-created by actors on a stage in front of an audience. A group of people acts out the plot to get the audience the idea the author is trying to express. Ang Huling El Bimbo is a story of friendship told through the songs of the most iconic Pinoy rock band from the '90s. * **Motion Picture:** This popular form of theater involves projecting a series of images on a screen in rapid succession to create the optical illusion of movement. ## Lesson 3: Functions of Art: Classifications of Art * **Directly Functional Art:** Functional art refers to objects that serve practical purposes, such as architecture, woven fabrics, and furniture, while also exhibiting aesthetic qualities, meeting basic human needs for shelter, clothing, and transportation. * **Indirectly Functional Art:** The arts perceived through the senses, such as fine arts, painting, sculpture, dance, literature, theater, and music, serve no practical purpose and are appreciated solely for their intellectual, emotional, or aesthetic value. * **Personal Function:** Personal art function means creating or experiencing art that holds personal significance and serves to express or reflect individual feelings, experiences, or identities. * **Social Function:** One cannot conceive of a society without art, for art is closely related to every aspect of social life. * **Physical Function:** Works of arts become objects which function to make our lives physically comfortable. Functional works of art may be a tool or a container (Dela Cruz, 2014). * **Therapeutic value of music:** It cannot be ignored. Works of art make us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling, and imagining that have occurred to us before. * **Therapuetic Value of Art:** When combined with talk therapy, art therapy aids individuals in managing intense emotions, fostering self-awareness and self-worth, and decreasing stress and anxiety. ## Lesson 4: Subject and Content in Art Art is a liberating passion of society. It allows artists to express whatever they want to convey. This is reflected in the artists' freedom on their arts' subject and content. Both are entirely up to the artists. They decide no matter others understand the message or otherwise, artists have it in them whether to disclose the meaning of their art (Lumen Learning, n.d.). Subject is the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork or 'the what' in art (Ocvirk, et al., n.d). It is composed of two types; Representational and Non-representational art. * **Representational Art** refers to objects or events occurring in the real world. This is also termed as figurative art because the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher. (Caslib, Garing, & Casaul, 2018). The ever famous painting Mona Lisa by Leonardo de Vinci in 1503 is a great example of representational art. * **Non-Representational Art, **however, is an art form that does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements, such as shapes, lines, and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling, emotion, and even concept (Caslib, Garing, & Casaul, 2018). Example of this is the Abstract painting of Jackson Pollock which is Number 1A in year 1948. Aside from types, art also has different kinds of subjects. Some of which are the following: * **Still life** - a compilation of inanimate objects arranged together in a specific way (McArdle, 2021). * **History** - It is the depiction of factual events that occurred in the past whose purpose is either to remember important events of long ago or to teach the learners about the lessons of the past (Manalo, 2021). * **Religion** It was also established that art is considered the handmaid of religion (Manalo, 2021). * **Mythology.** These are sources of subjects that come from the stories of gods and goddesses of Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse, and Egyptians. These so-called deities of the mythological world depict present humanlike behaviors (Manalo, 2021). * **Dreams and Fantasy.** The wonder of the unconscious is what is being expressed by artworks under dreams and fantasy. These works of art somehow explain to the viewers the content of the art piece, including the hidden meaning behind each work (Manalo, 2021). * **Landscape** - natural scenery such as mountains, cliffs, rivers, etc. (McArdle, 2021). * **Nature** - a concentrated view or interpretation of specific natural elements (McArdle, 2021). * **Portraiture** - an image of a specific person or animal, or group thereof (McArdle, 2021). * **Abstract** - a non-representational work of art. Abstract art is like visual poetry, it uses color, shape, line, form, pattern, and texture to create a visual dance of the spirit (McArdle, 2021). Moreover, Content in art is the meaning or message that is expressed or communicated by the artist or the artwork (Lumen Learning, n.d.). If subject answers the question 'what', content answers the question 'why'. This is because it carries the intention and sense of the artist. In delving the content of art, it is significant to note that there are various levels of meaning emanated by the artist, according to Caslib, Garing, & Casaul (2018). 1. **Factual Meaning** is the most rudimentary level of meaning. It may be obtained from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another. 2. **Conventional meaning** concerns to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols, and other ciphers as bases of its meaning. 3. **Subjective meaning**- these meanings stem from the viewer's or audience's circumstances that come into play when engaging with art (what we know, what we learned, what we experienced, what values we stand for). ## Elements of Art Elements of art - These are the building blocks or the ingredients of art. * **Line**- a mark on a surface with length and direction created by a tool (pencil, pen, brush) * **Color**- consists of hue (another term for color) * intensity (brightness) * value (lightness or darkness) * **Space**- distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things. * Positive: The object * Negative: The space around the object * Foreground, Middle Ground, Background (creates depth) * **Texture**- surface quality or "feel" of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. * Textures may be actual or implied. ## Lesson 6: Artist and Artisan In the art world, artists and artisans made creative and magnificent artworks seen by people for their delight and deep appreciation. They provided significant roles in the art arena. They are passionate with their craft and create arts with natural beauty. They become legends on their own making after trying other vocations, and pull back to become masters of their craft. Honed by years of experience, they become essentially skilled and talented workers who make beautiful things with their artistic minds and hands. Their inventive, artistic, unique, and authentic arts are valuable to human progress, preservation of culture and historical origins of a given human civilization. ### Who is an artist? In visual arts, the artist expresses his or her feelings, emotions and perceptions of the world through various elements or materials. The artist's work is manifested through painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, performance art, body art, textile arts, multimedia, video art, web art and design, digital art, and other artistic designs (Bascara and Avllanoza, 2006). These are mainly judged by the sense of sight. They create art for society's satisfaction, social restrictions and or just for the pleasure of creating it. The art made could create a change in society for it appeals to all senses of people. ### Who is an artisan? Artisan is a skilled worker who make things by hand. The objects made by the artisan ranges from furniture to jewelry. An artisan is able to produce something that has functional value and decorative value (Zulueta, 2006). Sometimes, he/she works individually and has attachment to his/her craft. This is why most handmade objects are much more expensive for aesthetic value is embedded. ### Artists and Artisans: their difference There are times that the words artist and artisan become confusing to some people. To differentiate the two experts in art world, an artist is the person who do creative arts ranging from painting to music. While an artisan is a skilled worker who created arts like furniture, textile, sculpture by hand. Their descriptions can be rather being confusing for both involve in creation of something (Tavkhelidge, 2016). The strategic difference is that the product of an artisan has practical value, while the artist's output is more on expression of the beauty of art. Artists and artisans articulate a vision through their art or craft. Fine artists work with paint, watercolor, pen and ink, or illustrations, while artisans craft work like jewelry, glasswork, pottery or other functional products (Sturgis, 2013). Artists focus on creating aesthetically pleasing works, while artisans' work focuses on accessorizing and functionality more than aesthetics. The work of artists tends to be shown in museums or galleries, while artisans sell their crafts at fairs and shops. ### Production Process, Medium and techniques of Art making Artists and artisans communicate with viewers through the materials, tools and techniques. They speak with paint, others with marble, hand-blown glass, and stone. Different media or materials are used appropriately in the production process to translate those to have functional value and be a beautiful piece of art. ### Production Process of Art It is considered as an artistic undertaking where the end product of art and craft is not the main focus but the process of making it. That is carefully planned and plotted to arrive at the desirable artistic beauty and the artist and artisan ideas, designs, and feelings are materialized. For example, a musical performance, it can be the process of bringing a song with lyrics to stage (Botella et al, 2018). Another example is the wood or marble. It is carefully carved to form an image. It is a process wherein a medium is carefully designed to transform the artist or artisan's idea to a unique form of art (Sturgis, 2013). ### Medium used Medium is the material used by the artist in creating his art work. It denotes the means by which an artist communicates and translates his/her ideas or feelings into beautiful reality. When the artist chooses his/her medium, he/she believes and aspires for that this is easy to use, provide quality, and can best convey his/her ideas and feelings (Bascara and Avllanoza, 2006). In art making, artist and artisan communicate with viewers through the medium in the production process to materialize their concept. In painting, a painter uses watercolor, oil, or crayon. In sculpture, a sculptor uses stone, wood, or steel. In music, a musician uses melody and lyrics. Likewise, other forms of art have their media ready for the production process in making an art (Sturgis, (2013). Mittler (2006) presented different art forms and their media used: * **Forms of Art** - **Media used** * **Painting:** Oil, pastel, fresco, crayon, tempera, water color * **Sculpture:** Stone, cement, steel, wood, brass * **Music:** Melody and lyrics, musical instruments, human voice * **Dance Theatre:** Body language, sound, song performers, music scoring lights, script, stage, * **Cinema:** Film and other equipment * **Literature Digital Arts:** Language, dialect, pen, paper, computer software, computer ### Different Techniques The transformation of their ideas is being shaped the use of appropriate techniques in creating an art. It is the creative process in a succession of thoughts and actions leading to original and appropriate productions (Botella et al, 2018). The ability of the artist and artisans to fulfill their art works is dependent to what techniques they are using. Technique is the method, a process, or a means of using the medium in a manner that an artist or an artisan wishes to finish an art work. It is the ability to fulfill the technical requirements of an artist's art, and manipulates the medium to express his/her ideas (Sturgis, 2013). Artists differ from the use of technique even if he/she uses same medium. A musician has the unique technique to make music sound the way he/he wants it to be. The sculptor has the technique in handling chisel and hammer to produce the desired effect. A painter may have fine technique in water color or in oil use. According to Mittler (2006), there are some techniques an artist and artisan used: * **Painting** - It is one of the oldest technique and most important of the visual arts. An artist creates a painting through pastel, oil, pastel, water color and arrange the art elements on a flat surface in ways that are sometimes visually appealing, sometimes shocking or thought provoking. * **Blowing** It is a technique in producing a figure with an interesting design through blowing an air into a molten glass bubble or uses straw to blow liquid paint around on paper. * **Etching** It is a technique in printmaking process which lines or areas are engraved using acid into a polished metal plate in order to hold the ink. * **Tinkering** - It is an artistic technique of making some changes in something, often to improve or repair it. It is a hands-on activity, trial and error-based process that rewards resourcefulness, creativity and persistence. * **Splattering** - This technique involves wild style and irrelevant way of painting. It is made by pouring, splashes, splatters or flicking paint from a loaded brush in a canvas on the ground * **Throwing** - Throwing is a popular technique in painting and making pottery. In making a pot, a clay is formed by hand on a potter's wheel. In painting, the artist throws the desire paint color at the canvas to form an abstract image. * **Coloring** - It is painting method wherein paints are made through watercolors, colored pencils, or crayons as medium to create a colorful and meaningful design. * **Cutting** - Cutting is a fabulous technique in wood carving and paper cutting to create well- designed images Both artist and artisan require technical knowledge, competence, and creativity that comes apparently in the technique of art making to create a soul enriching work of art and preservation of culture. At that, they really work hard for the sake of art and deserved accolade from us. ## Lesson 7: Art History An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time. Art movements were especially important in modern art, when each consecutive movement was considered as a new "avant - garde", a French word which means works that are experimental, radical or unorthodox, with respect to art, culture or society (Karmel, 2003). Now, there are top twenty-seven (27) art movements and styles throughout history, and these are: 1. Abstract expressionism, which encompasses a wide variety of American 20th century art movements, depicting large abstract painted canvasses; 2. Art Nouveau, a decorative style that flourished between 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the US; 3. Emerging in France before the First World War, Art Deco exploded in 1925 on the occasion of the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Exhibition of Decorative Arts). Blurring the line between different mediums and fields, from architecture and furniture to clothing and jewelry, Art Deco merged modern aesthetic with skillful craftsmanship, advanced technology, and elegant materials. 4. Avant-garde, innovative or experimental concepts in the realms of culture, politics and art; 5. Baroque, an art and architecture developed in Europe from the early 17th to mid18th century; 6. Classicism, embodied in the styles, theories, or philosophies of the different types of art from ancient Greece and Rome, concentrating on traditional forms with a focus on elegance and symmetry; 7. Conceptual art, arose during 1960s, emphasizing ideas and theoretical practices rather than the creation of visual forms; 8. Constructivism, developed by the Russian avant-garde around 1915, а branch of abstract art, rejecting the idea of “art for art's sake” in favor of art as a practice directed towards social purposes; 9. Cubism, An artistic movement begun in 1907 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque who developed a visual language whose geometric planes challenged the conventions of representation in different types of art; 10.Dada/Dadaism, an artistic and literary movement in art formed during the First World War as a negative response to the traditional social values and conventional artistic practices of the different types of art at the time; 11. Expressionism, an international artistic movement in art, architecture, literature, and performance that flourished between 1905 and 1920, especially in Germany and Austria, that sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality; 12. Fauvism, associated especially with Henri Matisse and André Derain, whose works are characterized by strong, vibrant color and bold brushstrokes over realistic or representational qualities; 13. Futurism, an Italian development in abstract art and literature, founded in 1909 by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, aiming to capture the dynamism, speed and energy of the modern mechanical world. 14.Impressionism, associated especially with French artists such as Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley, who attempted to accurately and objectively record visual 'impressions' by using small, thin, visible brushstrokes that coalesce to form a single scene and emphasize movement and the changing qualities of light; 15.Installation art, movement in art, developed at the same time as pop art in the late 1950s, which is characterized by large-scale, mixed-media constructions, often designed for a specific place or for a temporary period of time; 16.. Land art/ Earth art, Land art, also known as Earth art, Environmental art and Earthworks, is a simple art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by works made directly in the landscape, sculpting the land itself into earthworks or making structures in the landscape using natural materials such as rocks or twigs; 17. Minimalism, art movements from the 1960s, and typified by works composed of simple art, such as geometric shapes devoid of representational content; 18. Neo-Impressionism, an avant-garde art movement that flourished principally in France from 1886 to 1906, renounced the spontaneity of Impressionism in favor of a measured and systematic painting technique grounded in science and the study of optics; 19. Neoclassicism, almost the opposite of pop art, drawing inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, which is not uncommon for art movements; 20.Performance art, emerged in the 1960s to describe different types of art that are created through actions performed by the artist or other participants, which may be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted; 21. Pointillism, a technique of painting developed by French painters Georges-Pierre Seurat and Paul Signac, it is characterized by works made of countless tiny dots of pure color applied in patterns to form an image; 22.Pop art, an art movement emerged in the 1950s, composed of British and American artists who draw inspiration from 'popular' imagery and products from popular and commercial culture, as opposed to 'elitist' fine art; 23.Post-Impressionism, a term coined in 1910 by the English art critic and painter Roger Fry to describe the reaction against the naturalistic depiction of light and color in different types of art movements like Impressionism; 24. Realism a reaction to Romanticism. In contrast to the beautiful and deeply emotional content of Romantic paintings, Realist artists presented both the good and beautiful, the ugly and evil. The reality of the world is presented in an unembellished way by Realist painters. 25. Rococo, a movement in art, particularly in architecture and decorative art, that originated in France in the early 1700s, Characteristically, it consists of elaborate ornamentation and a light, sensuous style, including scroll work, foliage, and animal forms; 26.Surrealism, founded by the poet André Breton in Paris in 1924, its main goal of Surrealism painting and Surrealism artworks was to liberate thought, language, and human experience from the oppressive boundaries of rationalism by championing the irrational, the poetic and the revolutionary; 27.Suprematism, a relatively unknown member of the different types of abstract art movements, outside of the art world, a term coined by Russian artist Kazimir Malevich in 1915 to describe an abstract style of painting that conforms to his belief that art expressed in the simplest geometric forms and dynamic compositions was superior to earlier forms of representational art.