ARPLANN 03 Reviewer PDF

ARPLANN 03 REVIEWER 6) Evaluating alternatives - Each alternative should be evaluated by community leaders to ensure the most efficient and c...

ARPLANN 03 REVIEWER 6) Evaluating alternatives - Each alternative should be evaluated by community leaders to ensure the most efficient and cost-effective way TOPIC #8 THE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS to realize the community’s goals. Comprehensive Planning - Is a process that determines community goals and 7) Adopting a plan - Community needs to adopt the plan as an official aspirations in terms of community development. The result is called a statement of policy for it to take effect. Comprehensive Plan or General Plan. 8) Implementing and monitoring the plan - Using the implementation plans defined in the earlier stages, the city will carry out the goals in Encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topic and cover the comprehensive plan. a long-term horizon. It refers to the foundation for establishing goals, purposes, zoning and activities allowed on each land parcel to provide compatibility and continuity to the entire region as well as each individual neighborhood. TOPIC #9 LAND USE PLANNING One of the most important instruments in city and regional planning. Land Use Planning - Refers to the rational and judicious approach of allocating It expresses and regulates public policies on. available land resources to different land using activities and for different functions consistent with the overall development vision/goals of city. ✓ Transportation ✓ Utilities Refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by ✓ Land use, recreation and maps and similar illustrations which represent the community desired pattern. ✓ Housing Refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, development and management. Comprehensive Planning Process 1) Identifying issues - Address the issue they are investigating. 2) Stating goals - After the issues had been identified by a community, goals can be established. 3) Collecting data - Data is needed in the planning process to evaluate current city conditions as well as to predict future conditioned. Typical data collected for comprehensive plan includes the ff: ✓ Data about the environment ✓ Traffic condition ✓ Economic condition ✓ Social condition (population and income) National Land Use and Allocation Scheme ✓ Public service and utilities ✓ Land use conditions (housing and zoning) Land Classification - Involves the assessment of unclassified lands under the 4) Preparing the plan - Plan is prepared based on the information public domain which include surveying, classifying, studying and mapping gathered and on established goal. areas into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral and national parks; National 5) Creating implementation plan - Different programs are thought of to government/DENR; congress delineates limits of forest lands and national implement the goals of the plan. parks. Land Reclassification - The subsequent classification, allocation and TOPIC #9 FISCAL PLANNING disposition of lands of public domain, classified as alienable and disposable Fiscal Planning - Fiscal planning and management is designed to provide into specific uses; National government/ DENR in coordination with LGUs. urban planners and related professionals with the methods of public financial Land Sub classification - The act of determining and assigning the uses of management and analysis used in urban and public policy context. classified public lands, National government/ DENR. Fiscal Policy - Revenue generation and expenditures allocation. Zoning - The legislative act of delineating areas or districts within the territorial Government’s policy on the generation of its resources through jurisdictions of cities and municipalities that may be put to specific uses and their regulation, subject to the limitations imposed by law or competent taxation and or borrowing, as well as the setting of the level and allocation of expenditures. authority; LGUs. Land Use Conversion - The act of putting a piece or parcel of land into a type of use other than that for which it is currently being utilized. National Three (3) Components of Fiscal Policy government/DAR. 1) Revenue Policy ✓ Government’s policy in raising revenue is rooted on the “ability to pay” concept. Concepts Related to Land Use ✓ Government’s revenue includes both domestic and external Reversible Uses - Cases when the inherent features and characteristics of the revenue and borrowings. land have not been considerably altered or modified such that the soil horizon, 2) Expenditures Policy landform and structure remain intact so that the land can be reverted to its ✓ Government views expenditures as a tool for effective former use or original condition. implementing public policy. ✓ Funds are disbursed for the efficient delivery of services to the Irreversible Uses - When land is subject to applications which brought about public and to help in economic growth by supporting priority changes, alteration or modifications so much so that it preempts the original sectors. use, or it is physically impossible to restore the land to its previous state or ✓ Government allocates funds in the most efficient and condition. effective way to ensure rational and equitable resource Multiple Land Uses - Combining different land uses, whether reversible or allocation. irreversible, in an orderly and desirable pattern. 3) Debt Management Policy ✓ The policy of the government to attain a manageable debt Compatible and Incompatible Land Uses - A related concept of multiple uses level. of land is the compatibility of uses. Some land uses are innately incompatible. ✓ Borrowings are incurred to finance development projects and Compatible uses can coexist harmoniously and effectively in an orderly used as budget support for various government programs. management. Highest and Best Use of the Land - The use of land which generates the maximum profit without negative consequences especially on the Fiscal Institutions in the Government environment. Development Budget Coordinating Committee - Estimate revenues and Comprehensive Land Use Planning - A document embodying specific recommend sources of financing. proposal for guiding, regulating growth and development of a city or municipality.  Composed of the NEDA Director-General, a representative from the Office Short -Term Plans - Short-term plans are those found within the President’s of the President, the Governor of Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas, and the Secretaries of budget message. Finance and Budget and Management. They are included in the State of the Nation address and cover only The Secretary of Budget and Management serves as the Chairman one year. Implementing Agencies - Government agencies mandated to raise revenues Long-Term Plans - Long –term plans are part of the medium-term include the Bureau of Internal Revenue, Bureau of Customs, Land Registration development plan of NEDA and are spread across the full term of the Commission, and other regulatory offices. administration. The Bureau of Treasury is mandated to manage debt policy. Government Fiscal Policy - Government exerting efforts to maintain the surplus budget policy. The rest of the agencies implement the expenditure policy. Surplus Budget Policy - Important to encourage economic growth Congress - Legislative bodies and provide legal framework for the implementation of fiscal policies. The less the government borrows from the public, the less pressure on interest and inflation rates and more funds are made available in the Commission on Audit - Ensures that agencies abide with the generally financial market. accepted rules and regulations in implementing their functions. The government also needs to generate a budget surplus to repay the Prepares the annual financial report of the government. huge debt it has accumulated over the years. Reduction of the national debt will correspondingly lessen the Budget Planning Process: Budget Cycle: government’s requirements and principal payments TOPIC #9 PLANNING OF A PARTICULAR PROJECT Physical Planning - It refers to the general pattern of land-use, the character and location of public buildings and structure, the design of streets, the location and development of transit and transportation systems, and all other physical facilities which are necessary or desirable to promote the economic betterment, comfort, convenience and the general welfare. It refers to a process of allocating limited resources in a logical Regional Planning - Developed agencies undertake regional planning in manner for the betterment of the society. coordination with the Regional Development Councils (RDCs) and the Local Government Units (LGUs). RDCs are responsible for drawing up regional development plans and Physical Planning Principles programs. Sustainability RDCs undergo a continuing process of consultation to ensure consistency with the regional development investment program. ✓ Encourage sustainable practices in development  ✓ Encourage sustainable in operations Importance of Transportation Planning ✓ Encourage broad-based sustainability initiatives. Efficiency - to achieve efficient and better management of existing resources. Land-use Pattern ✓ Effective use of transportation system ✓ Preservation of natural environment and provision for open spaces ✓ Uses of technology ✓ Consider and integrate natural and built environment in any ✓ Land use and resources control. development Quality - to reduce a negative impact to the traffic that produce a pollution. ✓ Promote sustainable and efficient building layouts. Natural and Cultural Resources Equity - to meet travel demand and response for all communities. ✓ Consider major landscape and vegetation features of the site ✓ Preservation of wildlife in the area Transportation Planning Period ✓ Protect historic cultural resources ✓ Adapt natural flow of surface drainage 1. Short Term (Action Plan) - Review matters that can be completed within three years and involve high cost. (traffic control devices such as sign and Access and Transportation signals) ✓ Ease of access (roads, bridges, etc.) 2. Long Term (5 years and above) - Urban transportation planning process ✓ Parking facilities involves planning the next 20-25 years. ✓ Transportation facilities (buses, trains, etc.) More structured and complicated and it must design better that short Lifestyle term planning. ✓ Provide adequate housing for the community ✓ Provide social amenities / facilities for the social needs of the community Characteristics of Transportation Planning ✓ Determine the transportation needs ✓ Make/built a transportation formula Transportation and Public Facilities Planning - Refers to the process of ✓ Study the profitability defining future policies, goals, investment and spatial planning design to ✓ Traffic/ travel pattern is clear, stable and can be control prepare for future needs to move people and goods to destinations. ✓ Relationship between the various modes of transportation ✓ The transportation system can influence the development for that Commonly known as transport planning internationally, and is area and ready to serve it. involved with the evaluation, assessment, design and siting of transport facilities (generally streets, highways, bike lanes and public transportation lines). Transportation Planning Elements Function of Transportation Planning 1. Planning Process ✓ Identify highway system components ✓ Define transportation planning ✓ Studied / Research Stage – research and analysis that shows the ✓ Recall the process and purpose of construction planning design current demand and the relationship of movement with the ✓ Identify four (4) models of transportation environmental demands.  ✓ Forecast Stage – formulating the plan, predict future travel demand ✓ Once the transportation project has been selected, the project move and make a recommendation to fulfill traffic demand. into the detailed design phase which each of the components of the ✓ Evaluation Stage – to assess whether the proposals made facilities is specified. satisfactory demand and provide maximum benefit to the community. 2.Monitoring and Reviews 3. Implementation Planning Process 1. Situation definition ✓ Involve all the activities required to understand the situation that gave rise to the perceived needs for a transportation improvement. ✓ Information about the surrounding area, its people and their travel habits may obtain. 2. Problem definition ✓ Describe the problem in term of objectives to be accomplished by the project. ✓ Objectives are statements of purpose such as to reduce traffic congestion, to improve safety, etc. 3. Search for solution Planning Process ✓ Consideration is given to variety of ideas, design, location and system configuration that might provide solution to the problem. 4. Analysis of performance ✓ To estimate how each of the proposed alternatives would perform under present and future conditions. 5. Evaluation of alternatives ✓ To determine how well each alternative will be achieve the objectives of the project. 6. Choice of project ✓ Made after considering all the factors involved. 7. Specification and construction Travel Demand Modal o Built a transportation models to make sure the transportation planning will be easier and make prediction about the traffic pattern in the future. 2. Traffic Volume Studies ✓ Collect data on the number of vehicles / pedestrians that passes a point during a specified time ✓ Know whether the existing road can accommodate the vehicles that using a road ✓ Ensure the smooth movement of vehicles and traffic safety. ✓ Application of Traffic Volume Data. o Design for road rehabilitation o Study the traffic at intersection o Study traffic control system o Forecast / predict traffic volumes o Study traffic accidents Purpose of Travel Demand Model o Analysis of cost-benefits for highway project. This process is important to be consider in transportation planning for; 3. Spot Speed Studies ✓ Provide new transportation system ✓ Conducted to estimate the distribution of speeds of vehicles in a ✓ Improve the existing system stream of traffic at area ✓ Built highways, transit system and others ✓ Carried out by recording the speed of vehicles at specific location ✓ Valid only for the traffic and environmental conditions that exist at the To determine the number of trips that will use the existing time of study transportation system. Trips taken in the form of vehicle / non-transport and ✓ Application of Spot Speed Data. private vehicles and public transportation o Establish parameter for traffic operation such as speed zones, speed limits ad passing restriction o Evaluate the effectiveness of traffic control devices such as Transportation Studies in Planning Process variable message sign at work zone o Evaluate / determine the adequacy of highway geometric 1. Origin and Destination Study (O-D) characteristics ✓ Show the pattern and nature of daily trips made by residents o Evaluate the effect of speed on highway ✓ Main purpose is to plan the transportation in urban city especially the o Determine speed trends. type of land use, road / traffic network and public transportation 4. Travel Time and Delay Studies system. ✓ Application of O-D data. ✓ Travel time study determines the amount of time required to travel o Determine the traffic flow, if traffic congestion occurs, a short from one point to another on a given route. cut must be planning to give a comfortable travel to road user. ✓ Information may also be collected on the location, duration and o Determine whether the existing road system is adequate or causes of delays not ✓ Aide the traffic engineer in identifying problems at the location. ✓ Application of Time and Delay Data.  o Determine the efficiency of a route with respect to its ability to o Priority – priority to bus routes, trucks, space is limited carry traffic (pedestrian), parking. o Identification of locations with relatively high delay and the o Restraint – access control, incentives to use public causes for those delay transportation, car sharing, land use policy o Determine the traffic times on specific link for use in trip assignment models. o Performance of economic studied in the evaluation of traffic Role of Transport Policy operation alternative that reduce travel time. o Evaluate the change in efficiency and level of service with ✓ Affect / improve the productivity and economic growth time. ✓ Provide increased accessibility and influence and price and land use ✓ Affect the standard of living 5. Parking Studies ✓ Affect the environment in the city ✓ The need for parking spaces is usually very great in the areas where land uses including business, residential and commercial activities. ✓ Providing adequate parking space to meet the demand for parking in central parking district may affect the level of service. TOPIC #9 TOURISM PLANNING ✓ Application of Parking Data. o To get the valid information (before and latest) Tourism Planning - It refers to the process of considering the needs of people o To know whether it is adequate parking or not planning a trip and using those factors to determine the best resources, o To provide information needed to enable the implementation programs and activities for their trip. Tourism planning is intended for of payment by the parties involved. residents and businesses of the location, as well as tourist who travel there. Is associated with the travel for recreation, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. General Policy of Transportation Planning 1. Social Aspect Importance of Tourism Planning ✓ Improve the social aspect as can be done safely and comfortably ✓ Tourism planning involves the coordination with other government 2. Economic Aspect agencies to improve tourism-related infrastructure ✓ With the existence variety of travel pattern, activities such as ✓ The planning also extends to participation of the private sector, the employment, population and household income will be increase. hotels and restaurants, travel transport that can help as information centers. 3. Physical Aspect ✓ It is essential as it provides plenty of resources and information for ✓ Create an efficient transportation system because there are various travelers, while ensuring that the location and local businesses provide everything needed to improve their tourism modes of transportation introduced. ✓ Tourism industry will be organized, and the number of tourists will ✓ To reduce traffic congestion in urban areas, the following elements increase. have been introduced. o Capacity – widening access, traffic lights, sidewalks, traffic lights, parking (cars, motorcycles, bicycles) Levels of Tourism Planning International Level 1. Development Area land Use Planning ✓ International transportation services ✓ Include pre-feasibility and feasibility studies ✓ The flow and tour programming of tourist among different countries ✓ Zoning regulation studies ✓ Complementary development of major attraction features and 2. Facility Site Planning facilities in nearby countries. ✓ Multi-country marketing strategies and promotion program. ✓ Specific planning for buildings or complexes ✓ Structure and location are usually shown in maps National Level ✓ Tourism Policy and Physical Structures ✓ Accommodation and other facilities and services required 3. Special Studies ✓ Major routes in the country and regional connections ✓ Tourism organization structures, legislation and investment policies ✓ Include diverse topics as EIA, Socio-cultural evaluation ✓ Tourism marketing strategies and promotional programs ✓ Special planning studies for special forms of tourism ✓ Socio-cultural, environmental, and economic considerations and impact analyses ✓ National level implementation techniques, including staging of Components of Tourism Development development and short-term development strategy and projects planning. Regional Level 1. Tourism attractions and activities – all natural, cultural and special features of an area which attracts tourists to visit. ✓ Regional policy ✓ Access and internal transport network 2. Accommodation – hotels and other types of facilities ✓ Type of location and tourism attraction 3. Other tourist facilities and services – food establishments, outlet for ✓ Location of tourism development handicrafts and souvenir, tourist information offices, medical facilities, etc. ✓ Tourism accommodation and other tourist facilities ✓ Regional level education 4. Transportation facilities and services – access into the country or area, ✓ Marketing strategies internal transportation, and facilities related to all modes of transportation. ✓ Organizational structures, legislation, regulations, and investment 5. Other infrastructure – water supply, power and sewage systems, policies, and implementation techniques including staging of telecommunications as well as drainage system development, project programming, and regional zoning regulations. 6. Institutional elements – labor force planning, educational programs, Sub-Regional Level training and development, public and private sectors investment policies and ✓ Include tourist attraction features, general location of accommodation control of tourism impacts. and other tourist facilities and services. ✓ Access to the sub-region, its transportation network and other infrastructure consideration. Tourism Planning Process 1. Study recognition and preparation - Recognition by authorities (public / private / community) that tourism is a desirable development option, together Other Types of Planning with some awareness of the contrast within which it must develop. 2. Setting of objectives or goals for strategy - Have a clear understanding of Objective of Master Plan the objectives that are to be achieved by the development of tourism. ✓ It aims to provide welfare of the inhabitants with respect to amenities, 3. Survey of Existing Data - Before setting out on the data collection stage, it convenience and health. is vital to understand an existing data search. ✓ It arranges the pattern of a town in such a way to satisfy the present requirements without introduction of future improvements by coming 4. Implementation of New Surveys - The data requirements for development generations. planning are quite comprehensive. ✓ It helps in restricting the haphazard and unplanned growth. 5. Analyses ✓ It places various functions which a town must perform in physical relationship of each other to avoid the chances of mutual conflict. ✓ Asset evaluation – examine existing and potential stock assets. ✓ It serves s as a guide to the planning body for making any ✓ Market Analysis recommendations for public improvement. ✓ Development Planning – phasing of development plan to ensure successful implementation ✓ Impact Analyses Purpose of Master Plan 6. Policy and Plan Formulation - The results from the analyses of the survey ✓ To control the development of various industries in a systematic way. data are unlike to yield a unique solution and instead will tend to suggest ✓ To discourage the growth of town in an unplanned and unscientific several possibilities for development strategies. way. 7. Recommendation - The preferred plan has been established based on ✓ To give a perspective of the proposed development. analysis. ✓ To limit to a certain extent the unprecedented flow of rural population to the urban area. 8. Implementation - The method of implementing plan will be considered ✓ To avoid over population, shortage of houses, traffic congestion, throughout most stages of its construction. inadequate open spaces and insufficiency in public amenities. 9. Monitoring and Reformulation - Monitoring to detect any variation that may occur from the projected path of development. TOPIC #11: INSTITUTIONS IN PLANNING The Local Planning Structure TOPIC #10: PLANS RELATED TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Planning is political Master Plan - or a Development Plan may be defined as a General Plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and proposed streets or roads, ✓ Technocrats in both national and local levels prepare elegant plans. open spaces, public buildings etc. ✓ Legislators rarely use the plan as a basis for enacting laws and ordinances. A master plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for new town to be developed on a virgin soil. The Sanggunian It is a blueprint for the future. ✓ Has power to prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on use of property It is a comprehensive document, long-term in its view that is intended to guide ✓ Has power to appropriate public funds in the township for the next 10 to 20 years. ✓ Highest policy-making body in LGU  ✓ Is equally responsible for, and ought to be as actively involved in ✓ The congressman or his representative planning as the executive ✓ Representatives of NGO’s operating in the province, who shall constitute not less than one-fourth of the members of the fully Planning is also Technical organized council ✓ Sectoral committees’ inputs 3. Barangay ✓ Consultants on hand provide technical inputs ✓ Members of the sanggunian barangay ✓ Representative of NGOs operating in the barangay, who shall constitute not less than one-fourth of the members of the fully organized council ✓ A representative of the congressman. II. Executive Committee 1. Provincial Development Council Executive Committee ✓ Composed of the governor as chairman ✓ The representative of the component city and municipality mayors to chosen from among themselves ✓ The chairman of the committee on appropriations of sanggunian panlalawigan ✓ The president of the provincial liga ng barangay ✓ A representative of NGOs that are represented in the LDC, as members 2. City / Municipal Development Councils Executive Committee I. Local Development Councils ✓ Composed of the mayor as chairman ✓ Chairman of the committee on appropriations of the sanggunian 1. Provincial panlunsod or sanggunian bayan ✓ All mayors of component cities and municipalities ✓ President of the city or municipal liga ng barangay ✓ The chairman of the committee on appropriations of the sanggunian ✓ A representative of NGOs that are represented in the LDC, as members panlalawigan 3. Barangay Development Council Executive Committee ✓ The congressman or his representative ✓ Representatives of NGO’s operating in the province, who shall ✓ Punong barangay as chairman constitute not less than one-fourth of the members of the fully ✓ A representative of the sanggunian barangay to be chosen from organized council among its members ✓ A representative of NGOs that are represented in the LDC, as members 2. City / Municipal ✓ All punong barangays in the city or municipality ✓ The chairman of the committee on appropriation of sanggunian III. Sectoral or Functional Committee panlunsod or sanggunian bayan concerned ✓ Members participate in functional committees  IV. Secretariat ✓ Provides both technical and administrative support II. Metropolitan Manila Development Authority ✓ Assist with documentation ✓ Created through RA. 7924 ✓ The policy of the state to treat Metropolitan Manila as a special development and administrative region and certain basic services V. Local Planning and Development Office affecting or involving Metro Manila as metro- wide services more ✓ Information management efficiently and effectively planned, supervised and coordinated by a ✓ Comprehensive and multi-sectoral planning development authority as created therein, without prejudice to the ✓ Investment programming autonomy of the affected local government units. ✓ Public participation promotion ✓ Metropolitan Manila, as a public corporation created under PD. 824, ✓ Secretariat services to LDC embracing the Cities of Caloocan, Manila, Mandaluyong, Pasay and Quezon and the Municipalities of Las Pinas, Makati, Malabon, Marikina, Muntinglupa, Navotas, Paranaque, Pasig, Pateros, San Juan, Tagig and Valenzuela. ✓ Scope of Services: o Development Planning ▪ Includes the preparation of medium and long-term development plans ▪ Development evaluation and packaging of projects ▪ Investment programming and coordination as well as the monitoring of plans, program, project implementation. o Transport and Traffic Management o Solid Waste Disposal Management o Flood Control and Sewage Management o Urban Renewal, Zoning and Land Use Planning and Shelter Services o Health and Sanitation, Urban Protection and Pollution Control o Public Safety Government Institutions III. HUDCC (Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council created by President Corazon C. Aquino) I. National Economic and Development Authority ✓ An independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government Serve as the highest policy making body for housing and coordinate responsible for economic development and planning the activities of the government housing agencies to ensure the ✓ Headed by the president of the Philippines as chairman of NEDA accomplishment of the National Shelter Program. Board ✓ Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning, concurrently NEDA Director- General as vice chairman IV. HLURB (Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board) ✓ Created in 1972 through PD. 107  Is a national government agency tasked as the planning, regulatory and quasi-judicial body for land use development and real estate and housing regulation. V. NHA (National Housing Authority) Is a government-owned and controlled corporation under the administrative supervision of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council and classified under the Infrastructure Utilities Group. Provides responsive housing programs primarily to homeless low-income families with access to social services and economic opportunities with excellence while ensuring corporate viability. Purpose of EIA / NEPA Process ✓ To encourage the consideration of the environment in planning and VI. HGC (Housing Guaranty Corporation) decision making to ultimately arrive at action which are environment friendly. Is a government-owned and controlled corporation mandated by law ✓ A planning tool which helps planners in predicting future impacts of (Republic Act 8763) to promote sustainable home ownership by providing risk different development activities coverage or guarantees and tax/fiscal incentives to banks and financial ✓ Provide information about adverse environment effects, predicts, the institutions/investors granting housing development loans/credits, and home overall risk arising from any activity, helps in identifying areas where financing. risk can possibly be reduced. VII. HDMF (Home Development Mutual Fund) Ideal EIA System More popularly known as the Pag-IBIG Fund, was an answer to the 1. Apply to all project are expected to have a significant environmental effects need for a national savings program and an affordable shelter financing for and address all impacts that are expected to occur due to that project. the Filipino worker. 2. Compare alternatives to a proposed project, management techniques and Pag-IBIG is an acronym which stands for Pagtutulungan sa mitigation measures. Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko, Industria at Gobyerno. 3. Result in a clear EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) which conveys the importance of the likely and their specific characteristics to non-experts in the field. 4. Include broad public participation and stringent administrative review TOPIC #13: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS procedures. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - Defined as the systematic 5. Be timed so as to provide information for decision making. identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effect) of proposed project, plans, program or legislative action of the physical, chemical, 6. Be enforceable. biological, cultural and socio-economic components of the total environment. 7. Include monitoring and feedback procedures 2. Performance of the Assessment 8. Help design projects which enhance the quality of the environment by ✓ Site Visit examining alternative and remedial measures throughout the entire course of ✓ Identification and evaluation planning and designing of the development projects. ✓ Discussion of Alternatives ✓ Preparation of Checklist ✓ Measurement of Environment Impact, due to project 3. Preparation of EIS ✓ EIS is the conclusion of EIA ✓ A written statement which serves as a device to ensure that the policies and goals defined by NEPA are infused into the ongoing programmed. ✓ EIS, written in a clear and comprehensive manner is presented to the public, competent authorities and independent experts. ✓ After the completion of EIS report, the law requires that the public must be informed and consulted on the proposed project. The proposed project is made available to the public through press. Goals of Environmental Impact Assessment ✓ Resources Conservation ✓ Waste Minimization ✓ Recovery of By-Product. ✓ Efficient use of Equipment ✓ Sustainable Development ✓ Methodology of Environment Impact Assessment 1. Organizing the Job ✓ An interdisciplinary team is constituted to conduct analysis of the various impacts of the proposed programmed on the environment. ✓ Consist of a group of two or three persons trained in different fields with knowledge of concepts, methods, data and terms related to that subject. ✓ The team includes geologist, agronomist, chemist, agriculturist, ecologist, hydrologist, meteorologist, engineers, scientist, biologist, anthropologist, etc. ✓ The time schedule for the conduct of analysis is fixed. The expert should have a knowledge of rules, regulations and limitations on the part of government