APA and MLA Citation Formats PDF

APA AND MLA CITATION FORMAT  FOCUS OF MLA & APA STYLES Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA) Humanities and related areas (i.e. Social sciences (i.e. psychology, literature) sociology, and linguistics) Focuses on auth...

APA AND MLA CITATION FORMAT  FOCUS OF MLA & APA STYLES Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA) Humanities and related areas (i.e. Social sciences (i.e. psychology, literature) sociology, and linguistics) Focuses on authorship: “…(De Guzman Focuses on date of publication: “…(De and Galvez)” Guzman & Galvez, 2018)” Format is designed for ease of Format is designed for comparison of presentation research and determining relevance  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION APA 7th is an 'author/date' system, so your in-text references for all formats (book, journal article, web document) consists of the author(s) surname and year of publication. The basics of an in-text reference in APA: Include author or authors and year of publication. Use round brackets. Example: (De Guzman, 2018) (De Guzman & Galvez, 2018) (De Guzman, et al., 2018) (De Guzman, 2018, pp. 25 – 26) – If quoted directly  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION If the source has… No author: (Title of the work, 2018) No Date: (De Guzman, n.d.) (De Guzman and Galvez, n.d.) (De Guzman et al., n.d.) No page number: (De Guzman, 2018) – remove the page number or make an alternative identifier Ex. (De Guzman, 2018, para. 14) or (De Guzman, 2018, Chapter 3)  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION Paraphrasing is when you are summarizng the words or expressing the ideas of the author(s) in your own words. When paraphrasing you must acknowledge the original source in the text of your writing. Include the author's surname and year of publication in round brackets, or if including the author(s) name anywhere in the sentence, place the year of publication in round brackets next to the author's name. Example: (De Guzman, 2018) (De Guzman & Galvez, 2018) (De Guzman et al., 2018)  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION Citation at the beginning De Guzman (2018) describes the transcendent states that athletes experience … Citation in the middle … sport viewed as a spiritual path (De Guzman, 2018), and one that is frequently followed in the west. Citation at the end … athletes using techniques adapted from holistic and complementary medicine (De Guzman, 2018).  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION For direct quotes of less than 40 words, incorporate them into the text and enclose the quote with double quotation marks, e.g. Narrative quote (where the authors are named in your sentence): De Guzman (2018) concludes that “addressing the issue of school dropout not only affects the education system, but may also serve as a prevention effort for the welfare, mental health, and corrections systems” (p. 82). Parenthetical quote (where the citation details are presented in parentheses following the quote): "Addressing the issue of school dropout not only affects the education system, but may also serve as a prevention effort for the welfare, mental health, and corrections systems" (De Guzman, 2018, p. 82).  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (APA 7 EDITION For direct quotes of 40 or more words start on a new line and indent the whole block ~1cm from the left, do not add any additional space before or after the quote. The entire quote should be double-spaced. Quotation marks are not required. Example: Others have contradicted this view, suggesting: These overload issues can reach across the lifespan and affect individuals in many ways. As related issues continue to emerge, counselors will need to be aware of potential mental health problems stemming from technology overload and continue to research and develop the skills needed for effective interventions. In the digital age, these capabilities will be crucial in helping clients regain and maintain a healthy balance of life, work, and technology. (Scott et al., 2017, p. 605)  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) BOOKS Important Elements: Author (last name, initials only for first & middle names) Publication date Title (in italics; capitalize only the first word of title and subtitle, and proper nouns) Publisher (Note: do not include publisher location) Example: Arnott, G. D. (2017). The disability support worker (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning.  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) ARTICLES Important Elements: Author (last name, initials only for first & middle names) Date of publication of article (year and month for monthly publications; year, month and day for daily or weekly publications) Title of article (capitalize only the first word of title and subtitle, and proper nouns) Title of publication in italics (i.e., Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Newsweek, New York Times) Volume number in italics and issue number, if given Page numbers of article, if given  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) ARTICLES Example: Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) ARTICLES Other Examples Magazine article: Swedin, E. G. (2006, May/June). Designing babies: A eugenics race with China? The Futurist, 40, 18-21. Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek, 144, 64. Duhigg, C. (2019, October 10). Is Amazon unstoppable? The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/10/21/is-amazon-unstoppable Newspaper article: Dougherty, R. (2006, January 11). Jury convicts man in drunk driving death. Centre Daily Times, p. 1A. Laber-Warren, E. (2019, October 17). You're only as old as you feel. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/17/well/mind/age-subjective-feeling-old.html  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) ONLINE SOOURCE Important Elements Author (if known). If no author, use title Date of publication. If no date, use n.d. Title of web page (in italics) Publisher, if known (if the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher) URL (web address) of the web page  REFERENCE FORMATS (APA) ONLINE SOOURCE Web page with author Asmelash, L. (2019, August 14). Social media use may harm teens' mental health by disrupting positive activities, study says. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/13/health/social- media-mental-health-trnd/index.html Web page with organizational author American Cancer Society. (2019). Genetics and cancer. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer- causes/genetics.html Web page with no author Claustrophobia. (2019, May 7). https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/claustrophobia/ YouTube Video: Howcast. (2010, October 29). How to recognize claustrophobia symptoms [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6t5QL3ksAPA  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (MLA 8 EDITION Here are some formats in MLA in-text citation. If the author is known Posnock is quick to point out that Pater believes in Author's Name in Text (Paraphrase): the autonomy of the self (181). Pater believes in the autonomy of the self (Posnock Author's Name In Reference (Paraphrase): 181). Posnock is quick to point out that Pater believes in Author's Name In Text (with Quote): the autonomy of the self, the “individual in isolation” (181). Pater believes in the autonomy of the self, the Author's Name In Reference (with Quote): "individual in isolation" (Posnock 181). Just as Pater summons the reader to live by stating, “For our chance lies in expanding that interval, in Author's Name In Text, with only part of the getting as many pulsations as possible into a given sentence referencing the author's ideas. time” (153), so, too, does Henry James charge Milly.  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (MLA 8 EDITION IF the author or the page number is unknown We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change..." ("Impact of Global Warming").  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (MLA 8 EDITION Multiple Authors Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9). The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident, perceptible, apprehensible in texts” (Best and Marcus 9). According to Franck et al., “Current agricultural policies in the U.S. are contributing to the poor health of Americans” (327). The authors claim that one cause of obesity in the United States is government-funded farm subsidies (Franck et al. 327).  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (MLA 8 EDITION Author's Name In Reference, Milly must squeeze in "... as many pulsations as possible into a given time" with only part of the sentence (Pater 153). referencing the author's ideas. In his letter to Gosse, Henry James addresses and imagines Pater’s continuing potency throughout time: A Quote longer than 4 lines. (This example with author's He reminds me, in the disturbed night of our actual literature, of one of name in text) thoselucent matchboxes which you place... near the candle, to show you, in the darkness, where you can strike a light: he shines in the uneasy gloom —vaguely, and has a phosphorescence (293).  TH IN-TEXT CITATION (MLA 8 EDITION Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78) WORKS CITED FORMAT (MLA) BOOKS Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. Love in the Time Single Author of Cholera. Vintage, 1988. Casell, Kay Ann, and Uma Hiremath. Reference and Information Book, Services in the 21st Century: An Two Authors Introduction. Neal-Schuman, 2004. (NOTE: Authors should be listed in the order they are listed on the title page.) Robbins, Chandler S., et al. Birds of North Book, America: A Guide to Field Three or More Authors Identification. Golden, 1966. WORKS CITED FORMAT (MLA) ARTICLES Hannah, Daniel K. "The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Article in Print Journal Fiction." Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no.3, 2007, pp. 70-94. Farkas, Meredith. "Tips for Being a Great Blogger (and a Good Person)." Information Wants to Be Free, 19 July Article (Web Page) on a Web Site 2011, meredith.wolfwater.com/wor dpress/2011/07/19/tips-for-being- a-great-blogger-and-good-person/. Note: When including a URL, omit the http:// and https:// WORKS CITED FORMAT (MLA) ONLINE SOURCES Farkas, Meredith. Information Website (Whole site) Wants to Be Free. Jun. 2015, meredith.wolfwater.com. "Dog Turns Roomba Off." YouTube, uploaded by YouTube Video ilovetobamom, 28 Dec. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch? v=ei5H-wd3BIU.