Research Methodology Notes PDF

Parts of Research Sampling- Subset of the population Background of the Study- Provide context to the information discussed throughout the research process. Conceptual Framework- Analytical tool Research Hypothesis- States what the researcher expects to find, it is the tentative answer ti the res...

Parts of Research Sampling- Subset of the population Background of the Study- Provide context to the information discussed throughout the research process. Conceptual Framework- Analytical tool Research Hypothesis- States what the researcher expects to find, it is the tentative answer ti the research question that guides the entire study. Significance of the Study- how the study will contribute. Scope and Delimitation- Sets boundaries and parameter. Glossary of Research Terms- commonly used terms and concepts. Data Collection Procedure- gathering and measuring information on variables of interest. Research Methodology- Understanding ways to collect data. Instrument- the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device. Context-Analysis (Qualitative actually) - Technique used to make replicable and valid inferences by interpreting and coding textual materials. Case Study- constructive research that solves practical problems while producing academically appreciated and theoretical contribution. Population- the totality of all objects, elements, and persons. Target Population- Group of individuals that the intervention intends to conduct research in and draw conclusions. (key- the people we're going to use for our research). Accessible population- portion of the population to which the researcher has reasonable access. (example mga kaklase mo o kaya schoolmates, madali lng malapitan baga). Heuristic Approach- refers to the rule of thumb for sample size. Slovins Formula Approach- computation of an acceptable sample size from a population. Formula: N = required sample size N = total population size E = margin of error (expressed as a decimal, e.g., 0.05 for 5%) Steps to Use Slovin's Formula: 1. Identify the total population (N). 2. Determine the acceptable margin of error €. 3. Substitute the values into the formula. 4. Compute the sample size (n). 5. Round up the result if necessary. Example Calculation: Suppose you have a population of 1,000 people and you want a margin of error of 5% (0.05). N = \\frac{1000}{1 + (1000 \\times 0.05\^2)} N = \\frac{1000}{1 + (1000 \\times 0.0025)} N = \\frac{1000}{1 + 2.5} N = \\frac{1000}{3.5} = 285.71 Since sample sizes must be (whole numbers), you round up to 286 respondents. Convenience Sampling- involves selecting participants based on their accessibility to the researcher. ( mga tao sa school Ganon, parang accessible population lang). Simple Random Sampling- participants have an equal and fair chance of being selected. (for example ng survey sa room niyo tas basta lang sila nagbigay walang specifics like member ng ganito ganyan, may grades na ganito). Snowball Sampling- basis of referrals from those participants. (halimbawa nag pasurvey sa isang room tapos yung participants niyo ang nag bigay ng mga tao na pwede mag take ng survey niyo). Types of Citations American Psychological Association ( APA ) (Author's last name, year, page, year) Ex.: 1. (Carpio, 2022) 2. (Carpio, pp. 22, 2022) 3. Carpio stated that........ (2022) Modern Language Association ( MLA ) Ex.: 1. (Page number)- (22) 2. The author's name was used in a statement and doesn't use parenthesis. 3. Could include this (N.D) -- No Date Chicago Ex.: 1. (Author's last name year, page) It's like APA pero wala siyang comma","before year after ng name ng author. Like (Carpio 2022, pp. 22)