animal genetics summary.docx

### **DNA Structure and Function:** - DNA is the genetic code in living organisms. - Used for identifying animals with high genetic merit. ### **Genetic Improvement:** - Achieved through selective breeding and performance testing. ### **Physical Traits:** - Visible features like polled...

### **DNA Structure and Function:** - DNA is the genetic code in living organisms. - Used for identifying animals with high genetic merit. ### **Genetic Improvement:** - Achieved through selective breeding and performance testing. ### **Physical Traits:** - Visible features like polled condition in Aberdeen Angus (dominant gene for no horns). ### **Selective Breeding:** - Line breeding for specific traits. - Example: Double muscling due to myostatin gene mutation. ### **Performance Testing:** - Evaluates individual animal performance. ### **Progeny Testing:** - Uses offspring to assess genetic potential. - Develops genetic profiles like Estimated Breeding Value (EBV). ### **Genotyping and Genomic Selection:** - Genomics studies animal DNA. - Genotyping identifies genetic variations (SNPs) linked to traits. ### **Natural Selection:** - Process where organisms adapt and change based on genetic fitness. - Eliminates lethal genes affecting survival and reproduction. ### **Agricultural Biotechnology:** - Applications include genetic engineering, molecular markers, and molecular diagnostics. ### **Principles of Genetic Engineering:** - Techniques for transferring genes between organisms. - Transgenic and cisgenic methods for genetic modification. ### **Genomic Editing:** - Alters an organism\'s DNA at specific locations. - Includes technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 for precise genetic modifications. ### **Benefits and Risks:** - Benefits include improved productivity and traits. - Risks involve potential long-term impacts and ethical considerations. This summary covers key concepts in genetics, including DNA structure, genetic improvement through breeding and testing, biotechnological applications, and ethical considerations related to genetic engineering and editing.