anaphy_INTRO-1.pdf

Level of Structural Organization 1. CHEMICAL LEVEL - “Basic level “ - ATOMS : smallest unit of matter MOLECULE : 2 or more atoms 2. CELLULAR LEVEL - “ Structural and functional unit of the body “ - CELLS :smallest unit of life : structural unit of all...

Level of Structural Organization 1. CHEMICAL LEVEL - “Basic level “ - ATOMS : smallest unit of matter MOLECULE : 2 or more atoms 2. CELLULAR LEVEL - “ Structural and functional unit of the body “ - CELLS :smallest unit of life : structural unit of all living things 3. TISSUE LEVEL - “ group of similarly specialized cells” - Formed by cells 4. ORGAN LEVEL - “ composed of 2 or more tissues “ - Form and function 5. SYSTEM LEVEL - Association of Organs 6. ORGANISMAL LEVEL - Any Living Individual. Basic Life Processes 1. METABOLISM - The sum of all chemical processes a) CATABOLISM - BIG to small b) ANABOLISM -small to BIG 2. RESPONSIVENESS - body ability to detect and respond to changes 3. MOVEMENT - motion of the whole body 4. GROWTH - Increase in body size from increase if existing cells 5. DIFFERENTIATION - development of cells from unspecialized to specialized state 6. REPRODUCTION - Formation of new cell for tissue growth, repair, replacement  NOTES ANAPHY - Study of the body’s structure PHYSIOLOGY - Study of the body’s function PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - Study of disorder functioning - Marks deviation from homeostasis HOMEOSTASIS - Condition of equilibrium ( BALANCE ) - Maintenance by the body’s regulatory processes HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE - Body organs become less efficient. less functional - GROSS ANATOMY - Study of large observable structure - MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY - Study of small structure Components of Homeostatic Control Center 1. RECEPTORS - sensor that monitors and responds to changes 2. CONTROL CENTER - determines levels at which a variable is to me maintained 3. EFFECTORS - receive output from the control center and produce response Type of Feedbacks 1. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK - Counter response to the stimulus 2. POSITIVE FEEDBACK - Adds to the stimulus , more *STIMULUS - anything that disturbs conditions  CAVITIES BODY CAVITY - spaces that encloses internal organs MEMBRANES - thin pliable sheet of tissue that lines the cavity DORSAL CAVITY 1. CRANIAL CAVITY - formed by cranial bones , contains brain 2. SPINAL CAVITY - contains spinal cord *MENINGES - membrane that lines this cavity VENTRAL CAVITY 1. THORACIC CAVITY -chest a.) Pleural cavity - Lungs b.) Pericardial cavity - Heart c.) Mediastinum - Contains heart, thymus …. 2. ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY a.) Abdominal cavity - stomach , spleen , liver , gallbladder *PERITONEUM - serous membrane b.) Pelvic Cavity - urinary bladder , internal organs of reproduction  Directional Terms 1. Farther from the attachment of extremities - DISTAL 2. Nearer at the back at the back of backbone surface of the body - POSTERIOR 3. Nearer at the midline of the body of structure - MEDIAL 4. On the same side of the body - IPSILATERAL 5. Opposite side - CONTRALATERAL 6. Pertaining to the wall of the cavity - PARIETAL 7. Pertaining to the organ within the cavity - VISCERAL 8. Within , inside - DEEP 9. In front or, toward the front -ANTERIOR or VENTRAL 10. Towards the surface - SUPERFICIAL 11. Toward the side - PROXIMAL 12. Closer to origin - MEDIAL 13. Towards the head of the upper part of the body - SUPERIOR or CRANIAL 14. Below, Lower than - INFERIOR or CAUDAL 15. Between structures - INTERMEDIATE Abdomino pelvic region REVIEW ALSO THE BODY LANDMARKS