Activity and Exercise Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing PDF

Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Chapter 36: Activity and Exercise Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system mainta...

Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Chapter 36: Activity and Exercise Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system maintain balance, posture, and body alignment. What does body alignment refer to? a. A low centre of gravity balanced over a wide base of support. b. The result of weight, centre of gravity, and balance. c. The relationship of one body part to another. d. The force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement. ANS: C Body alignment refers to the relationship of one body part to another body part along a horizontal or vertical line. Body balance is the state in which a relatively low centre of gravity is balanced over a wide, stable base of support. Coordinated body movement is a result of weight, centre of gravity, and balance. Friction is a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement. DIF: Remember REF: 833 OBJ: Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and exercise. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 2. A structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation is known as which of the following? a. Scoliosis. b. Osteogenesis. c. Osteomalacia. d. Arthritis. ANS: A Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder in which bones are porous, short, bowed, and deformed. Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mineralization; as a result, bone is compact and spongy. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation. DIF: Remember REF: 837 OBJ: Discuss physiological and pathological influences on body alignment and joint mobility. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 3. How is joint degeneration unlike arthritis? a. Joint degeneration results only from noninflammatory disease. b. Joint degeneration results only from inflammatory disease. c. Joint degeneration involves overgrowth of bone at the articular ends. d. Joint degeneration affects mostly non–weight-bearing joints. ANS: C 358 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is marked by changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends. Degenerative changes commonly affect weight-bearing joints. DIF: Understand REF: 837 OBJ: Discuss physiological and pathological influences on body alignment and joint mobility. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 4. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is bedridden. To avoid becoming fatigued, the nurse raises the height of the patient’s bed. The nurse understands that raising the bed helps maintain balance in what way? a. It prevents a shift in the nurse’s base of support. b. It narrows the nurse’s base of support. c. It allows the nurse to bring his or her feet close together. d. It shifts the centre of gravity farther away from the nurse’s base of support. ANS: A By raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure, the nurse prevents bending too far at the waist and causing a shift in the base of support. Balance is maintained by maintaining proper body alignment and posture through two simple techniques: first, the base of support is widened by separating the feet to a comfortable distance; second, balance is increased by the shift of the centre of gravity closer to the base of support. DIF: Understand REF: 841 OBJ: Discuss physiological and pathological influences on body alignment and joint mobility. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 5. Approximately what percentage of all back pain is associated with manual lifting tasks? a. More than 10%. b. More than 20%. c. More than 40%. d. More than 50%. ANS: D More than half of all cases of back pain are associated with manual lifting tasks. DIF: Remember REF: 859 OBJ: Describe how to maintain and use proper body mechanics. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 6. The nurse is preparing to position an immobile patient. Before doing so, the nurse must understand which of the following? a. Manual lifting is the easier method and should be tried first. b. Following body mechanics principles alone will prevent back injury. c. Body mechanics can be ignored when patient-handling equipment is used. d. Body mechanics alone are not sufficient to prevent injuries. ANS: D 359 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Body mechanics alone are not sufficient to prevent musculoskeletal injuries when the nurse positions or transfers patients. The use of patient-handling equipment in combination with proper body mechanics is more effective than either one in isolation. Body mechanics cannot be ignored even when patient-handling equipment is being used. Manual lifting is the last resort, and it is used only when it does not involve lifting most or all of the patient’s weight. DIF: Understand REF: 859 OBJ: Describe how to use proper body mechanics and ergonomics to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 7. The nurse is preparing to reposition a patient. Before doing so, what must the nurse do? a. Assess the weight to be lifted and the assistance needed. b. Attempt to manually lift the patient alone before asking for assistance. c. Attempt a manual lift only when lifting most or all of the patient’s weight. d. Not use the agency lift team if a mechanical lift is available. ANS: A Before lifting, assess the weight to be lifted and determine the assistance needed and the resources available. Manual lifting is the last resort, and it is used when the task at hand does not involve lifting most or all of the patient’s weight. Use safe patient-handling equipment in conjunction with agency lift teams to reduce the risk of injury to the patient and members of the health care team. DIF: Apply REF: 859 OBJ: Describe how to maintain and use proper body mechanics. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 8. Isotonic, isometric, and resistive isometric are three categories of exercise. They are classified according to the type of muscle contraction involved. Of the following exercises, which are considered isotonic? a. Bicycling, swimming, walking, jogging, dancing. b. Tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts. c. Push-ups, hip lifting, pushing feet against a footboard on the bed. d. Quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles. ANS: A Examples of isotonic exercises are walking, swimming, dance aerobics, jogging, bicycling, and moving arms and legs with light resistance. Isometric exercises involve tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts. Examples include quadriceps set exercises and contraction of the gluteal muscles. Examples of resistive isometric exercises are push-ups and hip lifting, as well as placing a footboard on the foot of the bed for patients to push against with their feet. DIF: Remember REF: 834 OBJ: Describe the benefits of implementing an exercise program for the purpose of health promotion. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 9. In planning a physical activity program for a patient, what must the nurse must understand? a. Isotonic exercises cause contraction without changing muscle length. 360 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter b. The best program includes a combination of exercises. c. Isometric contraction involves the movement of body parts. d. Resistive isometric exercises can lead to bone wasting. ANS: B The best program of physical activity includes a combination of exercises that produce different physiological and psychological benefits. Isotonic exercises cause muscle contractions and changes in muscle length. Isometric exercises involve tightening or tensing of muscles without moving body parts. Resistive isometric exercises help promote muscle strength and provide sufficient stress against bone to promote osteoblastic activity. DIF: Understand REF: 834 OBJ: Describe the benefits of implementing an exercise program for the purpose of health promotion. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. An active lifestyle is important for maintaining and promoting health. In developing an exercise program, what should the nurse know? a. Physical exercise is contraindicated for patients with chronic illnesses. b. Regular physical activity is beneficial only for the body part that is exercised. c. Physical exercise has no effect on psychological well-being. d. Physical activity enhances functioning of all body systems. ANS: D Regular physical activity and exercise enhance the functioning of all body systems, including cardiopulmonary functioning, musculoskeletal fitness, weight control and maintenance, and psychological well-being. It is also essential in treatment for chronic illness. DIF: Understand REF: 834 OBJ: Describe the benefits of implementing an exercise program for the purpose of health promotion. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 11. The nurse is developing an exercise program for older patients living in a nursing home. To develop a beneficial health promotion program, what must the nurse need to understand about older people? a. Exercise is of very little benefit because the patients are old. b. It is important to disregard their current interests in favour of exercise. c. No physical benefit can be gained without a formal exercise program. d. Adjustments to exercise programs may have to be made to prevent problems. ANS: D Exercise is extremely beneficial for older persons, but adjustments to an exercise program may have to be made for those of advanced age to prevent problems. When developing an exercise program for any older person, the nurse should consider not only the person’s current activity level, range of motion, muscle strength and tone, and response to physical activity but also the person’s interests, capacities, and limitations. Older persons who are unable to participate in a formal exercise program are able to achieve the benefits of improved joint mobility and enhanced circulation by simply stretching and exaggerating movements during performance of routine activities of daily living. DIF: Understand REF: 849| 860 OBJ: Describe important factors to consider when planning an exercise program for patients 361 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter across the lifespan and for those with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 12. The nurse is attempting to start an exercise program in a local community as a health promotion project. In explaining the purpose of the project, what does the nurse explain to community leaders? a. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of health-related problems. b. The recommended frequency of workouts should be twice a day. c. An exercise prescription should incorporate aerobic exercise only. d. The purpose of weight training is to bulk up muscles. ANS: A A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of health-related problems. A holistic approach is taken to develop overall fitness and includes warm-ups, aerobic exercise, resistance training, weight training, and so forth. The recommended frequency of aerobic exercise is three to five times per week, or every other day, for approximately 30 minutes. Cross-training is recommended for the patient who prefers to exercise every day. Some patients use weight training to bulk up their muscles. However, the purposes of weight training from a health perspective are to develop tone and strength and to simulate and maintain healthy bone. DIF: Understand REF: 856 OBJ: Describe the benefits of implementing an exercise program for the purpose of health promotion. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 13. The patient is eager to begin his exercise program with a 3.2-km (2-mile) jog. The nurse instructs the patient to warm up with stretching exercises. The patient states that he is ready and does not want to waste time with a “warm-up.” What does the nurse explain about the warm-up? a. It allows the body to readjust gradually to baseline functioning. b. It prepares the body and decreases the potential for injury. c. It should not involve stretching exercises because they can lead to injury. d. It should be performed with high intensity to prepare for the coming challenge. ANS: B The warm-up activity prepares the body for activity and decreases the potential for injury. It usually lasts about 5 to 10 minutes and may include stretching, calisthenics, or aerobic activity, or a combination of these, performed at a low intensity. The cool-down period allows the body to readjust gradually to baseline functioning and provides an opportunity to combine movement such as stretching with relaxation-enhancing mind-body awareness. DIF: Understand REF: 856 OBJ: Describe the benefits of implementing an exercise program for the purpose of health promotion. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 14. Many patients find it difficult to incorporate an exercise program into their daily lives because of time constraints. For these patients, it is beneficial to reinforce that many activities of daily living (ADLs) are used to accumulate the recommended 30 minutes or more per day of moderate-intensity physical activity. When instructing these patients, what should the nurse explain? a. Housework is not considered an aerobic exercise. 362 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter b. To strengthen back muscles, the patient should bend using back muscles. c. Daily chores should begin with gentle stretches. d. The patient should stick to one chore until it is done before beginning a new one. ANS: C Daily chores should begin with gentle stretches. Housework is considered aerobic exercise. To make it more aerobic, the person can work faster and scrub harder. People should bend their legs rather than their back to prevent back injury. Cleaning activities should be alternated to prevent overworking the same muscle groups. DIF: Understand REF: 856 OBJ: Describe important factors to consider when planning an exercise program for patients across the lifespan and for those with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 15. The nurse is developing an exercise plan for a patient with heart failure and a nursing diagnosis of Exercise intolerance. In doing so, what should the nurse include? a. Plan for 20 minutes of continuous aerobic activity and increase as tolerated. b. Perform 5-minute walks at the patient’s pace at least 2 times a day. c. Instruct the patient that he should not take his -adrenergic blocker medication on exercise days. d. Encourage a high-calorie diet to plan for extra calorie expenditure. ANS: B A patient with the nursing diagnosis of Exercise intolerance should begin by performing 5-minute walks at his own pace at least twice a day. The patient would not be able to tolerate 20 minutes of continuous aerobic activity. Patients should be instructed to take medications as ordered. Low-calorie, low-sodium, and high-protein diets are best for this type of patient. DIF: Apply REF: 857 OBJ: Describe important factors to consider when planning an exercise program for patients across the lifespan and for those with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 16. Which of the following exercise activities would probably provide the opportunity for mind-body awareness? a. Warm-up activity. b. Resistance training. c. Aerobic exercise. d. Cool-down activity. ANS: D The cool-down period allows the body to readjust gradually to baseline functioning and provides an opportunity to combine movement such as stretching with relaxation-enhancing mind-body awareness. The warm-up activity prepares the body and decreases the potential for injury. Aerobic exercise includes running, bicycling, and jumping rope and is the main portion of exercise activity; it precedes the cool-down period. Resistance training increases muscle strength and endurance and is associated with improved performance of daily activities but not with enhancing mind-body awareness. DIF: Analyze REF: 860 363 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter OBJ: Describe important factors to consider when planning an exercise program for patients across the lifespan and for those with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 17. The patient is brought to the emergency department with possible injury to his shoulder. To help determine the degree of injury, what should the nurse evaluate? a. The patient’s gait. b. The patient’s range of motion. c. Fine motor coordination. d. Activity tolerance. ANS: B Evaluating range of motion is one assessment technique used to determine the degree of damage or injury to a joint. Gait is the manner or style of walking; it may have little bearing on the shoulder damage. Assessing fine motor coordination would be beneficial in helping to assess the patient’s ability to perform tasks but would not help in evaluating the shoulder. Activity tolerance refers to the type and amount of exercise or activity a person is able to perform. Damage to the shoulder would affect this, but this would not have a direct bearing on the amount of damage done to the shoulder. DIF: Apply REF: 854 OBJ: Describe how to assess patients for activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 18. The nurse is examining a patient who is admitted to the emergency department with severe elbow pain. Of the following situations, which would cause the nurse to suspect a ligament tear or joint fracture? a. Range of motion of the elbow is limited. b. Joint motion is greater than normal. c. The patient has arthritis. d. The elbow cannot be moved (frozen). ANS: B Increased mobility (beyond normal) of a joint may indicate connective tissue disorders, ligament tears, or possible joint fractures. Limited range of motion often indicates inflammation such as arthritis, fluid in the joint, altered nerve supply, or contractures (frozen joints). DIF: Analyze REF: 854 OBJ: Describe how to assess patients for activity intolerance. TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 19. The patient has been bedridden for several months because of severe heart disease. In determining a plan of care for this patient that will address his activity level, the nurse formulates which of the following nursing diagnoses? a. Fatigue related to poor physical condition. b. Impaired gas exchange related to decreased cardiac output. c. Decreased cardiac output related to decreased myocardial contractility. d. Activity intolerance related to physical deconditioning. ANS: D 364 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter When activity and exercise are problematic for a patient, nursing diagnoses often focus on the individual’s ability to move. The diagnostic label directs nursing interventions. In this case, physical deconditioning must be addressed in relation to activity level; perhaps an early goal is 6-minute walks twice a day. Physical deconditioning is the cause of fatigue as well, so it would take priority over a diagnosis of fatigue. Decreased cardiac output and myocardial contractility are serious concerns that must be addressed before activity intolerance to keep the patient safe and to help determine the level of exercise that the patient can tolerate, but reconditioning of the patient’s body will help improve contractility and cardiac output. DIF: Apply REF: 833| 837 OBJ: Develop a nursing care plan for a patient with impaired mobility and activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 20. The patient weighs 204.5 kg (450 pounds) and complains of shortness of breath with any exertion. His health care provider has recommended that he begin an exercise program. He states that he can hardly get out of bed and just cannot do anything around the house. To focus on the cause of the patient’s complaints, the nurse devises which of the following nursing diagnoses? a. Activity intolerance related to excessive weight. b. Activity intolerance related to bed rest. c. Impaired gas exchange related to shortness of breath. d. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements. ANS: A The diagnostic label directs nursing interventions. This requires the correct selection of related factors. For example, Activity intolerance related to excess weight requires very different interventions than if the related factor is prolonged bed rest. In this case, the intolerance is related to the patient’s excessive weight. He is not on bed rest, although he states that it is difficult for him to get out of bed. Shortness of breath is a symptom, not a cause, of Impaired gas exchange, and so this nursing diagnosis is not applicable. The patient certainly has an imbalance of nutrition, but it is more than body requirements. DIF: Apply REF: 855 OBJ: Develop a nursing care plan for a patient with impaired mobility and activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 21. To promote resistive isometric exercise, the nurse helps the patient on bed rest by encouraging which one of the following? a. Quadriceps setting. b. Gluteal muscle contraction. c. Moving the arms and legs in circles. d. Pushing against a footboard. ANS: D In resistive isometric exercises, the individual contracts the muscle while pushing against a stationary object or resisting the movement of an object. An example of a resistive isometric exercise is pushing against a footboard. Quadriceps setting is an example of an isometric exercise. Gluteal muscle contraction is an example of an isometric exercise. Moving the arms and legs in a circle is an example of isotonic exercise. 365 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter DIF: Apply REF: 834 OBJ: Develop a nursing care plan for a patient with impaired mobility and activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 22. The patient is admitted with a stroke. The prognosis is uncertain, but the patient is unable to move his right arm and leg. What should the nurse keep in mind? a. Active range of motion is the only thing that will prevent contractures from forming. b. Passive range of motion must be instituted to help prevent contracture formation. c. Range-of-motion exercises should be started 2 days after the patient is stable. d. Range-of-motion exercises should be done on major joints only. ANS: B When patients cannot participate in active range of motion, passive range of motion must be instituted to maintain joint mobility and prevent contractures. Passive range-of-motion exercises can be substituted for active exercises when needed. For the patient who does not have voluntary motor control, passive range-of-motion exercises are the exercises of choice. Unless contraindicated, the nursing care plan includes exercising each joint (not just major joints) through as nearly a full range of motion as possible. The nurse should initiate passive range-of-motion exercises as soon as the patient loses the ability to move the extremity or joint. DIF: Understand REF: 838| 861 OBJ: Describe the interventions for maintaining activity tolerance and mobility during the acute, restorative, and continuing care of patients. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 23. A 40-year-old healthy woman has presented to the clinic for a physical examination. When the patient asks the nurse to recommend the amount of time she should spend per week doing moderate-intensity physical activity, what should the nurse recommend? a. One hour per week or 15 minutes a day for 4 days. b. Thirty minutes or more a day, for a weekly total of 150 minutes. c. One hour per day, for a weekly total of 7 hours. d. Ten minutes a day, for a total of 60 minutes per week. ANS: B According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, adults should accumulate 150 minutes or more per week of moderate-intensity (brisk) physical activity. One hour per week, or 15 minutes a day for four days, and 10 minutes a day, for a total of 1 hour per week, are not considered adequate amounts of time for exercise for adults. One hour per day, for a weekly total of 7 hours, exceeds the recommended amount of exercise time for adults, but the statement does not specify the intensity of the physical activity. DIF: Apply REF: 862 (Table 36-3) OBJ: Describe the interventions for maintaining activity tolerance and mobility during the acute, restorative, and continuing care of patients. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 24. The nurse is ambulating a patient in the hall when she notices that he is beginning to fall. What should the nurse do? a. Grab the patient and hold him tight to prevent the fall. 366 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter b. Gently lower the patient to the floor. c. Jump back and let the patient fall naturally. d. Push the patient against the wall and guide him to the floor. ANS: B If the patient has a fainting episode or begins to fall, assume a wide base of support with one foot in front of the other, thus supporting the patient’s body weight. Then extend one leg and let the patient slide against the leg, and gently lower the patient to the floor, protecting the patient’s head. Grabbing the patient will shift the nurse’s centre of gravity and may lead to a back injury. Allowing the patient to fall could lead to head injury for the patient. Pushing the patient against the wall could also cause the patient to hit his head and cause injury. DIF: Apply REF: 862 OBJ: Describe how to use proper body mechanics and ergonomics to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment 25. In assisting the patient to exercise, which of the following should the nurse do? a. Expect that pain will occur with exercise of unused muscle groups. b. Set the pace for the exercise. c. Force muscles or joints to go just beyond resistance. d. Stop the exercise if the patient experiences pain. ANS: D The nurse should assess for pain, shortness of breath, or a change in vital signs. If any of these is present, the exercise should be stopped. Each patient should be allowed to exercise at his or her own pace. The nurse assesses for joint limitations and must not force a muscle or a joint during exercise. DIF: Apply REF: 860 OBJ: Describe the interventions for maintaining activity tolerance and mobility during the acute, restorative, and continuing care of patients. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 26. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a diagnosis of Activity intolerance. Of the following strategies, which has the best chance of maintaining patient compliance? a. Performing 20 minutes of aerobic exercise daily with 10-minute warm-up and cool-down periods b. Instructing the patient to use an exercise log to record day, time, duration, and responses to exercise activity c. Instructing the patient on the evils of not exercising, and getting her to take responsibility for her current health status d. Arranging for the patient to join a gym for which she will have to pay, so that she does not need to depend on insurance ANS: B 367 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Keeping a log may increase adherence to an exercise prescription. Cross-training (combination of exercise activities) provides variety to combat boredom and increases the potential for total body conditioning, as opposed to daily aerobic exercise. “Blaming” a patient for his or her health status is usually counterproductive. Instead, the nurse should instruct the patient about the physiological benefits of a regular exercise program. Developing a plan of exercise that the patient may perform at home may improve compliance. DIF: Evaluate REF: 858 OBJ: Evaluate the nursing care plan for maintaining activity and exercise for patients across the lifespan and with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 27. The nurse is working with the patient in developing an exercise plan. The patient tells the nurse that she just will not participate in a formal exercise program. The nurse then suggests that exercise activities can be incorporated into activities of daily living. The patient seems to be agreeable to that concept. Of the following activities, which would be considered a formal resistance training activity? a. Doing laundry. b. Making the bed. c. Ironing. d. Kneading bread. ANS: D Formal resistance training includes weight training, but the same benefits can be obtained by performing ADLs such as pushing a vacuum cleaner, raking leaves, shovelling snow, and kneading bread. DIF: Evaluate REF: 856 OBJ: Evaluate the nursing care plan for maintaining activity and exercise for patients across the lifespan and with specific chronic illnesses. TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Bones perform five functions in the body: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis. In the discussion of body mechanics, which are the most important? (Select all that apply.) a. Support. b. Protection. c. Movement. d. Mineral storage. e. Hematopoiesis. ANS: A, C 368 Test Bank for Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition by Potter Bones perform five functions in the body: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis. In the discussion of body mechanics, two of these functions—support and movement—are most important. In support, bones serve as the framework and contribute to the shape, alignment, and positioning of body parts. In movement, bones together with their joints constitute levers for muscle attachment. As muscles contract and shorten, they pull on bones, producing joint movement. Protection involves encasing the soft tissue organs in a protective cage. Mineral storage helps to strengthen bones but also helps regulate blood levels of certain nutrients. Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cells. DIF: Remember REF: 834 OBJ: Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and exercise. TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 2. When assessing the activity tolerance of a patient, the nurse would evaluate which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Skeletal abnormalities b. Emotional factors. c. Age. d. Pregnancy status. e. Race. ANS: A, B, C, D Factors influencing activity tolerance include physiological factors such as skeletal abnormalities, emotional factors such as anxiety/depression, developmental factors such as age and gender, and pregnancy status. Race is not a factor because people of all races are faced with similar factors that affect their activity tolerance. DIF: Apply REF: 854 (Box 36-7) OBJ: Describe how to assess patients for activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity 3. In developing a nursing care plan for increasing activity tolerance in a patient, what should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Use of generalized therapies because they work for everyone. b. Consultation with members of the health care team. c. Avoidance of isometric exercise. d. Involving the patient and the patient’s family in designing an exercise plan. e. Consideration of the patient’s ability to increase activity level. ANS: B, D, E When planning care, the nurse should consult/collaborate with members of the health care team to increase activity, involve the patient and family in designing an activity and exercise plan (especially if family members are also providers of care), and consider the patient’s ability to increase activity level. Therapies should be individualized to the patient’s activity tolerance. The best program of physical activity includes a combination of isotonic, isometric, and resistive isometric exercises, if tolerated by the patient. DIF: Apply REF: 856 OBJ: Develop a nursing care plan for a patient with impaired mobility and activity intolerance. TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 369