Nursing Body Mechanics and Exercises

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes joint degeneration?

Joint degeneration is characterized by changes in articular cartilage and overgrowth of bone at the articular ends.

Which type of joints is primarily affected by degenerative changes?

Degenerative changes primarily affect weight-bearing joints.

How does raising the height of a patient’s bed help a nurse maintain balance?

Raising the bed prevents a shift in the nurse's base of support.

What is the effect of widening the base of support for maintaining balance?

<p>Widening the base of support increases balance by lowering the center of gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of all back pain is related to manual lifting tasks?

<p>More than 50% of all back pain cases are associated with manual lifting tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What importantly contributes to back pain in nursing tasks?

<p>Manual lifting tasks significantly contribute to back pain in nursing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does body alignment play when caring for a bedridden patient?

<p>Proper body alignment helps prevent fatigue and maintain balance during care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a shift in the center of gravity affect balance?

<p>Shifting the center of gravity closer to the base of support improves balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing diagnosis relates to a patient experiencing difficulty getting out of bed due to excessive weight?

<p>Activity intolerance related to excessive weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which related factor should be addressed for a patient with activity intolerance not due to bed rest?

<p>Excessive weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is not a cause of impaired gas exchange?

<p>Shortness of breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's nutrition is imbalanced, which direction does it typically go when underweight?

<p>Less than body requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of exercise promotes resistive isometric exercise while on bed rest?

<p>Pushing against a footboard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is an example of an isometric exercise?

<p>Quadriceps setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse keep in mind for a patient admitted with a stroke who cannot move the right arm and leg?

<p>The patient's prognosis is uncertain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do isotonic exercises differ from isometric exercises?

<p>Isotonic exercises involve movement, while isometric exercises do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing diagnosis should a nurse prioritize for a bedridden patient with severe heart disease to address activity level?

<p>Activity intolerance related to physical deconditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is physical deconditioning a significant concern for patients who have been bedridden?

<p>Physical deconditioning leads to decreased strength and endurance, making it challenging for patients to engage in even minimal activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What early goal could be set in the care plan for a patient with activity intolerance?

<p>6-minute walks twice a day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does impaired gas exchange relate to activity intolerance in patients with severe heart disease?

<p>Impaired gas exchange can lead to decreased oxygen delivery, which exacerbates fatigue and limits physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complaint of an obese patient with limited mobility during exertion?

<p>Shortness of breath with any exertion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the nursing diagnosis of fatigue be deprioritized in a patient with activity intolerance?

<p>Activity intolerance focuses on the root cause of physical deconditioning, which is more critical to address first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious conditions should be addressed before tackling activity intolerance in patients with heart disease?

<p>Decreased cardiac output and myocardial contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In planning care for a patient who can hardly get out of bed, what should the nurse initially consider?

<p>The underlying causes of mobility limitations and respiratory symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of passive range-of-motion exercises?

<p>To maintain joint mobility and prevent contractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should passive range-of-motion exercises be initiated?

<p>As soon as the patient loses the ability to move the extremity or joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joints should be exercised according to the nursing care plan?

<p>All joints, not just major joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended weekly duration of moderate-intensity physical activity for adults?

<p>At least 150 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many minutes per day should an adult aim for to meet the physical activity guideline?

<p>Thirty minutes or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of not performing passive range-of-motion exercises?

<p>Increased risk of contractures and limited joint mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with no voluntary motor control, which type of range-of-motion exercise is preferred?

<p>Passive range-of-motion exercises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the amount of physical activity recommended for adults?

<p>That one hour per week is sufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a nurse not to force a muscle or joint during exercise?

<p>Forcing a muscle or joint can lead to injury or exacerbation of existing conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most likely to enhance patient compliance with an exercise program?

<p>Using an exercise log to record activities is most likely to enhance compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of simply instructing patients about the 'evils' of not exercising?

<p>Blaming patients for their health status can be counterproductive and may discourage them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cross-training benefit a patient's exercise routine?

<p>Cross-training introduces variety, combating boredom and improving overall conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a warm-up period play in an exercise plan?

<p>A warm-up prepares the body for exercise and reduces the risk of injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can a nurse support a patient developing their exercise plan?

<p>The nurse can educate about safe practices, set realistic goals, and monitor progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of developing a home exercise plan for patients?

<p>A home exercise plan allows patients to engage in activity comfortably and conveniently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of evaluating a nursing care plan for activity and exercise?

<p>Evaluation ensures the plan meets the patient's needs and promotes effective health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is considered formal resistance training?

<p>Kneading bread is considered a formal resistance training activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two important functions of bones in body mechanics.

<p>Support and movement are the two most important functions of bones in body mechanics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function of bones helps in the formation of blood cells?

<p>Hematopoiesis is the function of bones that facilitates the formation of blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a function of bones that is related to mineral storage.

<p>Bones store minerals, which helps strengthen them and regulate nutrient levels in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bones contribute to movement?

<p>Bones serve as levers for muscle attachment, enabling movement when muscles contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how support and movement are related to body mechanics.

<p>Support provides structure to the body, while movement involves using that structure effectively through levers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does protection play in the function of bones?

<p>Protection involves encasing soft tissue organs in a protective cage formed by bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a nurse encourage patients to perform daily activities for exercise?

<p>Incorporating daily activities like kneading bread can serve as effective exercise for maintaining strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Joint Degeneration

A condition marked by changes in articular cartilage and overgrowth of bone at the joint ends, commonly affecting weight-bearing joints.

Weight-bearing Joints

Joints primarily responsible for supporting weight, such as knees and hips.

Bed Height and Balance

Raising a patient's bed height maintains the nurse's balance by preventing a shift in their base of support when performing procedures.

Base of Support

The area on the ground occupied by a person's body; a wider base means more stability.

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Back Pain and Manual Lifting

More than half of back pain cases are related to manual lifting tasks.

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Activity Intolerance

Inability to perform the amount of physical activity necessary for daily living due to physical deconditioning, a reduction in the body's ability to perform everyday tasks comfortably.

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Nursing Diagnosis for Activity Intolerance

A nursing diagnosis in patient care plans that focuses on a patient's ability to move and carry out everyday tasks.

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Physical Deconditioning

A reduction in the body's ability to undertake everyday activities.

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Fatigue

A feeling of tiredness or lack of energy.

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Impaired Gas Exchange from Decreased Cardiac Output

Difficulty in moving oxygen throughout the body due to a strained or limited heart; can occur in bedridden patients

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Decreased Cardiac Output

A decrease in the amount of blood being pumped by the heart per minute, impacting blood flow to the rest of the body.

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Activity intolerance related to excess weight

A nursing diagnosis describing a patient's difficulty performing activities due to excess weight.

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Preventing contractures

Maintaining joint mobility, especially when patients can't move actively, by using passive range-of-motion exercises.

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Activity intolerance related to bed rest

A nursing diagnosis describing a patient's difficulty performing activities due to prolonged bed rest.

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Passive range of motion

Movement of a joint by another person or device when the patient can't move it on their own.

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Impaired gas exchange related to shortness of breath

A nursing diagnosis where the patient has difficulty exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, associated with shortness of breath.

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Active range of motion

Movement of a joint by the patient themselves.

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Moderate-intensity physical activity

Effort substantial enough to elevate the heart rate, but not overly strenuous.

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Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

A nursing diagnosis where the patient's nutritional intake is insufficient for their body's needs.

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Resistive isometric exercise

Exercise involving muscle contraction against resistance, important for strengthening muscles.

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Weekly physical activity recommendation

At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week.

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Initiating passive ROM

Starting passive range-of-motion exercises as soon as a patient loses the ability to move a joint.

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Quadriceps setting

An isometric exercise focusing on the quadriceps muscles, often used for strengthening.

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Gluteal muscle contraction

An isometric exercise focusing on the gluteal muscles, often used for strengthening.

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Isotonic exercise

Exercise involving muscle contraction that causes movement.

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Stroke

A medical condition where blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced.

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Maintaining Activity Tolerance

Interventions to support a patient's ability to engage in activities throughout different phases of care (acute, restorative, continuing).

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Activity Intolerance

A patient's inability to perform physical activities due to various factors.

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Patient Compliance

The extent to which patients follow treatment plans or recommendations.

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Exercise Log

A record documenting details of exercise sessions, including date, time, duration, and responses to the activity.

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Cross-training

Combining varied exercise types to increase overall fitness and prevent boredom.

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Exercise Plan

A structured program outlining exercises, frequency, duration, and intensity for patients.

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Formal Resistance Training

Activities like weight training that build strength using resistance.

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Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Everyday tasks like cooking, bathing, and dressing.

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Bone Function: Support

Bones give structure and shape to the body.

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Bone Function: Movement

Bones, with joints, are levers for muscles to produce motion.

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Bone Function: Protection

Bones form a protective casing around soft tissue organs.

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Bone Function: Mineral Storage

Bones store minerals and regulate their levels in the blood.

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Bone Function: Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation within bones.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions

  • Body alignment refers to the relationship of body parts.
  • Balance is maintained by a low center of gravity over a wide base of support.
  • Friction opposes movement.
  • Scoliosis is a spinal curvature with vertebral rotation.
  • Joint degeneration differs from arthritis as it results from non-inflammatory diseases and involves bone overgrowth at joint ends.
  • Manual lifting tasks account for more than half of back pain cases.
  • Raising a bed helps maintain a nurse's balance by widening the base of support and keeping the center of gravity closer to the base.
  • Nurses should use assistive devices when transferring patients to prevent injuries.

Active Exercises

  • Isotonic exercises cause muscle contractions and change in length.
  • Isometric exercises cause muscle tightening without body movement.
  • Resistive isometric exercises increase strength by opposing the movement.
  • Examples of isotonic exercises include bicycling, swimming, walking, and jogging.
  • Examples of isometric exercises include tightening or tensing a muscle without body movement.
  • Examples of resistive isometric exercises include push-ups, hip lifts, or pushing footboards.

Exercise & Activity Intolerance

  • Exercise plans should include a combination of approaches for optimal results.
  • Physical activity improves psychological well-being and all body systems, including cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal.
  • Exercise is crucial for people with chronic illnesses to maintain physical function and well-being.
  • Exercise programs should consider the patient's current condition, interests, and abilities.
  • Activities of daily living can also boost physical activity.
  • Exercises need modifications for older adults to avoid injury.
  • Warm-up should precede exercise and cool-down should happen afterwards to avoid injury.
  • The patient should be encouraged to participate in daily activities.
  • Exercise programs increase adherence when a log of activities is kept.
  • Cross training helps in building physical strength and endurance as it involves different types of exercises to combat boredom, enhance physical state and improve total body functioning.

Patient Care & Assessment

  • Assess the patient's weight and the needed assistance before lifting.
  • Use mechanical lifting devices whenever possible.
  • Assess range of motion to determine the injury severity.
  • Assessing the patient's ability to do a task can help determine physical debility.
  • Passive range of motion must be implemented if the patient cannot actively move.
  • Activity intolerance nursing diagnosis helps in planning interventions, such as exercise and activities of daily living.
  • Nurse should use proper body mechanics to prevent injury.
  • Encourage patient to set their own pace during exercise.
  • Avoid forcing muscles and joints beyond resisting force.
  • Assess for signs of pain or shortness of breath before, during and after exercise.

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