Acids and Bases PDF

 WHAT IS THE PH SCALE? The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. The pH scale is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given substance. IDENTIFYING ACIDS AND BASES THE PH SCALE IS THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN IONS IN A GIVEN SUBSTANCE. Acids have a ph from 0-6.9...

 WHAT IS THE PH SCALE? The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. The pH scale is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given substance. IDENTIFYING ACIDS AND BASES THE PH SCALE IS THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN IONS IN A GIVEN SUBSTANCE. Acids have a ph from 0-6.9 Lower pH value indicates a stronger acid. A pH of 3 is 10 time more acidic Than a pH of 4 and it is 100 times more acidic than a pH of 5. Neutral Substance has a pH of 7 = pure water! Bases have a pH from 7.1-14 Higher pH value indicates a stronger base. A pH of 13 is 10 times more basic than a pH of 12, and it is 100 times more basic than a pH of 11 DEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES An acid is a substance that breaks into H+ ions in an aqueous solution. They tend to form hydronium ions H3O) in solution A Base (alkaline) is a substance that breaks into OH- ions in an aqueous solution. Note: aqueous solution is any solution where H2O is the solvent.  CHARACTERISTICS OF ACIDS Acids can be characterized by: 1. It turns blue litmus paper red 2. It tastes sour. Try drinking lemon juice (citric acid)  CHARACTERISTICS OF BASES A Base is characterized by: 1. A bitter taste. (Milk of Magnesia) 2. It feels slippery. (Soapy Water) 3. It turns Red Litmus Blue.  ACID NOMENCLATURE REVIEW USUALLY IF IT STARTS WITH H IT IS AN ACID □ HBr (aq) ⇒ hydrobromic acid ⇒ carbonic acid □ H2CO3 ⇒ sulfurous acid □ H2SO3 SOME COMMON BASES: USUALLY IF IT ENDS IN OH IT IS A BASE NaOH sodium hydroxide lye KOH potassium hydroxide liquid soap Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide stabilizer for plastics Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide“MOM” Milk of magnesia Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide Maalox (antacid) ACID AND BASES ACID AND BASES