Computer History & Basics PDF

What is a COMPUTER?  In 1613 (the earliest written reference), refers to the person who computes; a person performing mathematical calculations (before computer were available commercially)  An electronic device that manipulates information and/or data both quantitative and...

What is a COMPUTER?  In 1613 (the earliest written reference), refers to the person who computes; a person performing mathematical calculations (before computer were available commercially)  An electronic device that manipulates information and/or data both quantitative and qualitative in a fast and accurate manner  It has the ability to store, retrieve and process data  Also known as “electronic data processing machine” Components of COMPUTER History of COMPUTER  Abacus – the earliest device regarded as computer History of COMPUTER  In 1822, Charles Baggage (father of computers) developed the 1st mechanical computer  In 1833 he designed an Analytical Engine w/c was a general purpose computer History of COMPUTER  Ada Lovelace – 1st computer programmer (friend of Charles Baggage) History of COMPUTER  1853 – Swedish inventor Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard designed the 1st printing calculator  History of COMPUTER  1953 – Grace Hopper developed the 1st computer language called COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) G. Hopper later known as the “1st Lady of Software” Source: https://custom-powder.com/mothers-of-invention-grace-hopper  History of COMPUTER  1975 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen introduced their language “BASIC language” and formed their company “Microsoft” You may watch this movie to know more about Bill Gates and the creation of Microsoft.  History of COMPUTER  1976 – APPLE 1 was unveiled, the fist computer with a single-circuit board and ROM by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak  History of COMPUTER  1999 – WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) was introduced  History of COMPUTER  2005 – Google bought Android Characteristics of COMPUTER  Speed - The computer helps in saving time. It performs several tasks and multiple calculations in a few bit of seconds that takes us hours to solve. We measure the speed of computers in terms of GigaHertz (Ghz) and MegaHertz (MHz).  Accuracy - Works done by a computer have better accuracy than the work done by a human being. The errors occur in a computer by entering wrong data by a human being. A computer performs tasks quickly and accurately.  Characteristics of COMPUTER  Memory – A computer can store billions of data and these records are easily accessible with high accuracy. We measure computer storage in terms of Bytes, like KiloBytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB), etc.  Versatility - performing more than one task  Automation – replaces thousands of workers by performing tasks automatically ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER  Multitasking – can do several tasks at once  Speed – can do tasks very fast  Accuracy – can provide answers correctly  Data Security – can be securely stored w/ password  Task Completer – can store data that human brain can’t  Communication – helps users better understands and communicate with other devices  Productivity – output is of higher volume since computer works really fast  Reduces Workload  Reliability – can be used for longer period  Storage – can store more data in a very small space DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER  Virus and hacking attacks  Online cyber crimes  Reduction of employment opportunities  High costs  Distractions / Disruptions – viewing some sites can take up our valuable time  Increases Waste – high turnover of new devices  Health Problems – prolong usage of computers can cause health problems What is a SOFTWARE  A set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks  Refers to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device  Set of commands that tell the computer what to do Hardware vs Software  Hardware refers to the computer’s tangible components or the delivery systems that store and run the written instructions provided by the software  Software is the intangible part of the device that lets the user interact with the hardware and command it to perform specific tasks. Hardware vs Software Source: https://ms.codes/blogs/computer-hardware/example-of-hardware-and-software-in-computer Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers Types of Computers  Types of Computers Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-computers