Computer Fundamentals and Applications Quiz

Course Objectives

• The course aims to introduce computer fundamentals and relevant IT applications used in business.

What is a Computer?

• In 1613, the term "computer" referred to someone performing calculations, preceding commercial computers.
• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates quantitative and qualitative information quickly and accurately.
• It stores, retrieves, and processes data.
• Also known as an "electronic data processing machine".

Components of a Computer

• Computer Hardware
  • Input Devices
  • Output Devices
  • Storage Devices
  • Internal Component
• Computer Software
  • System Software
  • Application Software

History of Computer

• 1642: Blaise Pascal built the first mechanical adding machine.
• 1673: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz improved Pascal's design to handle multiplication and division.
• Abacus: The earliest device regarded as a computer.
• 1822: Charles Babbage, the "father of computers," developed the first mechanical computer (Difference Engine).
• 1833: Charles Babbage designed a more general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.
• 1853: Swedish inventors Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard designed the first printing calculator.
• 1953: Grace Hopper developed the first computer language called COBOL.
• 1975: Bill Gates and Paul Allen introduced the BASIC language and formed Microsoft.
• 1976: Apple I was unveiled.
• 1999: Wi-Fi was introduced.
• 2005: Google bought Android.

Characteristics of a Computer

• Speed: Computers perform tasks much faster than humans. Measured in GHz and MHz.
• Accuracy: Computers generally have higher accuracy than humans. Errors often result from inaccurate data input.
• Memory: Computers can store vast amounts of data. Measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes.
• Versatility: Computers can perform many different tasks.
• Automation: Computers automate tasks, replacing human workers.

Advantages of a Computer

• Multitasking: Perform many tasks at once.
• Speed: Perform tasks very quickly.
• Accuracy: Provide accurate answers.
• Data Security: Securely store data with passwords.
• Task Completion: Complete tasks that human brains can't.
• Communication: Improve communication between devices.
• Productivity: Produce a high volume of output.
• Workload Reduction: Reduce the workload for humans.
• Reliability: Can be used for long periods.
• Storage: Store large amounts of data in a small space.

Disadvantages of a Computer

• Viruses and Hacking Attacks: Vulnerable to cyberattacks.
• Online Cyber Crimes: Targets for online criminal activity.
• High Costs: The initial investment can be expensive.
• Distractions/Disruptions: Can be distracting with internet access.
• Waste of Time: Can lead to misuse and time-wasting.
• High Turnover Rate of New Devices: Devices can become outdated rapidly.
• Health Problems: Extended computer use can lead to health issues.

What is Software?

• A set of instructions, data, or programs that operate computers to execute tasks.
• Represents applications, scripts, and programs running on devices.
• Software provides commands that tell computers what to do.

Hardware vs Software

• Hardware: The tangible components of a computer (physical parts).
• Software: The intangible instructions and programs that control the hardware.

Types of Computers

• Supercomputer: The fastest and largest computers used for complex tasks like weather forecasting, simulations, and nuclear energy research.
• Mainframe Computer: Designed for large numbers of simultaneous users and large volumes of data, suitable for large organizations like banks and telecommunication companies.
• Minicomputer: Medium-sized computers with multiple processors handling 4-200 users simultaneously, typically small businesses, institutions, or departments.
• Workstation Computer: High-powered computers for scientific and technical applications, requiring large storage, better graphics, and powerful CPUs due to its specialized use.
• Personal Computer (PC): General-purpose computers for individual use, including laptops and desktop computers. Suitable for personal tasks, assignments, and entertainment.
• Server Computer: Manages data and programs shared by many users, such as Wikipedia or a company's internal network.
• Analog Computer: Used for continuous data like speed, temperature, or pressure. Process data through continuous readings.
• Digital Computer: Process data with binary code (0s and 1s). Modern computers, including laptops, desktops, and smartphones.
• Hybrid Computer: Combine analog and digital characteristics. Useful in specialized applications needing both types of data processing.
• Tablet and Smartphones: Portable computers known for ease of carry, good hardware capabilities, extensive operating systems, multimedia functions and sensors.