Dogs Involved in Search Rescue PDF

Dogs and Some of their Use Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ A) Air Scent dogs (Area-search dogs): □ dogs find lost people by detecting traces of human scent drifting in the air and the cone of scent (most concentrated) □ These dogs don’t normally discriminate scents a...

Dogs and Some of their Use Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ A) Air Scent dogs (Area-search dogs): □ dogs find lost people by detecting traces of human scent drifting in the air and the cone of scent (most concentrated) □ These dogs don’t normally discriminate scents and thus can have ‘false alarms’ □ Works best in large parks or private lands □ Scents are affected by factors: wind, temp contaminants (car exhaust, smoke) http://www.ussartf.org/dogs_search_rescue.htm  Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ Air Scent dogs (Area-search dogs) □ Work with ‘nose in air’ □ They don’t need a ‘starting point’ as they follow the greatest concentration scent particles in the air http://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/sar-dog2.htm Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ B) Trailing Dog: Follow scent of tissue of skin sloughed from individual □ Nose the ground works best from a ‘starting point’ □ Field contamination does not effects its work: thus track over pavement, street grass water etc)  Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ C) Tracking dogs: some consider the same as trailing dog, but it isn't (purists) □ It physically tracks the path or the person, without using scent clues □ Used for criminal pursuit http://www.policek9.com/assets/images/GS_Tracking_Dog_.gif Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ C) Disaster Dogs (earthquakes, tornadoes, terrorist attacks, mudslides etc): Find scents in unnatural environments (collapsed structures) □ Trained to work on unstable surfaces, confined spaces, other abnormal settings Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ D) Cadaver dog: detects scents of decaying flesh. These dogs are only trained to locate human remains, not living people □ Find bodies above an below ground □ Can detect very small pieces of dead tissue of droplets of blood □ E) Water Cadaver Search dog: can detect human scent in water □ Water currents change rapidly and thus dive teams must react quickly when the dog detects the scent □ These dogs must be alert stable and focus for extended periods of time Dogs Involved in Search Rescue Cadaver dog Water Cadaver dog www.freewebs.com/virginiak9response/juniors-a  Dogs Involved in Search Rescue □ F) Avalanche Dog: trained to detect human scent in or under snow □ Can detect human scent below 15 ft of snow lakelouiselowdown.files.wordpress.com/2009/02... Public Order Enforcement □ Big breeds handle physical nature of dog □ Assist in tracking and restraint of criminals □ Many different breeds used in police work □ North America: German shepherd common □ Giant Schnauzer (Europe) □ Many others www.leelofland.com  Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) □ Animal Assisted Therapy: Goal directed intervention (therapy) through the animal human bond: □ Promote improvement in human physical, social, emotional or cognitive function □ Work with other health professional to achieve specific therapeutic goals □ Name any? Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) □ Pioneered the process by Tuke (1725; Twining Tea Company after WWII): a philanthropist and businessman :believed for better care of the mentally ill. □ Allowed mentally ill patients to 'mingle’ with domestic animals on facility grounds □ Freud (1865); ‘father of psychoanalysis’: pets (dogs) relaxed his patients and were more free to speak Some Benefits: Animal Assisted Therapy □ Improves outlook (positive) feelings and focus □ Enhances communication, mental stimulation □ Entertainment, promotes socialization □ Enhanced physiological and physical (blind why?) and mental parameters (agrophobia) □ Induces empathy (juvenile offenders and violent offenders…prison) The animals Animal Assisted Activities (AAA) □ Utilizes animals to provide people and opportunities for recreational, emotional and social benefits □ Primary ‘pet visitation’ □ What is the main difference between AAT & AAA AAT or AAA □ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb6Qv0NDDXk (Video 1) □ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow2lkHn58zk&feature=results_video &playnext=1&list=PLAECC38CD8AA1F0F7 (Video 2) □ http://keepvid.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch %3Fv%3DTv5gUle4qu0 (Hospital) □ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTGHrqvWP_A (Horse prison) □ http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xggc69_pets-for-prisoners-program_a nimals (Dog prison) Courthouse Dogs Background Child Maltreatment □ 4 categories: □ Physical Abuse □ Sexual Abuse □ Neglect □ Emotional maltreatment □ Lots of overlap in definitions and the definitions are open to interpretations. Is this a problem? Canadian Study of Reported Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect Canada Statistics, 1998 □ 135 573 maltreatment investigations (21.52 investigations/ 1000 children): 2.15% of all children goes under investigation of mistreatment □ 61 201 cases were substantiated (45%) □ Or ~ 10 child/ 1000 children in Canada had substantiated cases of mistreatment □ Other studies: North America: approximately 15% to 25% of women and 5% to 15% of men were sexually abused when they were children http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/child-sexual-abuse.asp Canada Statistics, 1998 □ A) Physical abuse: 34% incidence □ Child has suffered or risk of suffering physical abuse (3 sub categories) □ Shaken Baby Syndrome □ Inappropriate Punishment (corporal punishment) □ Other forms: (burns, broken bones etc) Canada Statistics, 1998 □ B) Neglect: most frequent (40%) □ Child has suffered harm or will suffer harm □ Failure to: □ 1) Protect or supervise leading to physical harm □ 2) Protect or supervise leading to sexual abuse □ 3) Physical neglect: inadequate nutrition, clothing, housing Canada Statistics, 1998 □ 4) Failure to provide treatment from mental and emotional development (withdrawn, anxiety, self-destructive behavior, aggression): mental and emotional development is impaired □ 5) Medical neglect: failure to prevent, treat, or alleviate physical harm □ 6) Permitting maladaptive or criminal behavior: criminal act encourage by caregiver or failed proper supervision Canada Statistics, 1998 □ 7) Abandonment/ Refusal of custody: parent dies and has not set proper child care. Or caregiver refused to accept child □ 8) Educational Neglect: chronic truancy (> 5 days/month). Failed to enroll in school □ Caregiver fails to cooperate with treatment with misbehavior, mental or emotional problems in class Canada Statistics, 1998 □ C) Emotional neglect: 19% cases □ Child suffers from, or risk of suffering from mental emotional and development injury □ 1) Emotional abuse: overtly hostile or punitive treatment □ 2) Emotional neglect; inadequate nurturing or affection □ 3) Non-organic failure to thrive: children under 3 with marked developmental problems: Nutrtional problems (considered physical abuse). Failure to thrive due to physiological abuse □ 4) Exposure to family violence: witness (indirectly) to injuries of caregiver Canada Statistics, 1998 □ D) Sexual abuse: 10% of incidence □ 30% family members (dads, uncles, cousins) □ 60% of incidence involves a ‘known persons’ not necessarily family □ 10% are strangers □ Involves acts of youths or adults (sexual abuse, as well as sexual abuse involving an older child or youth perpetrator) □ The child has been, or is at substantial risk of being sexually molested or sexually exploited. Include both intra-familial and extra-familial Canada Statistics, 1998 □ 1) Sexual Activity Completed: Include oral, vaginal or anal sexual activities. □ 2) Sexual Activity Attempted: Include attempts to have oral, vaginal or anal sex. □ 3) Touching/Fondling Genitals □ 4) Adult Exposing Genitals To Child □ 5) Voyeurism: Includes activities where a child is encouraged to exhibit himself/herself for the sexual gratification of the alleged perpetrator. This includes pornographic activities. Canada Statistics, 1998 □ 6) Sexual Exploitation: Involved in Prostitution or Pornography: Include situations where an adult sexually exploits a child for purposes of financial gain or other profit. □ 7) Sexual Harassment: Include proposition, encouragement, or suggestion of a sexual nature. Child Sexual Abuse: Long-term effects □ PTSD and anxiety □ Depression and thoughts of suicide □ Sexual anxiety and disorders, including having too many or unsafe sexual partners □ Difficulty setting safe limits with others (e.g., saying no to people) and relationship problems □ Poor body image and low self-esteem □ Unhealthy behaviors, such as alcohol, drugs, self-harm, or eating problems. These behaviors are often used to try to hide painful emotions related to the abuse □ And others…. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/child-sexual-abuse.asp Canadian Law □ Child and family services legislation: Important: ‘Families are the basic units of society and should be supported and preserved’ □ ‘Families are also responsible for the care nurturing supervision and protection of children’ □ However… □ legislation also recognizes that children have certain basic rights, including the right to be protected from abuse and neglect, and that governments have the responsibility to protect children from harm. Child welfare Canada 2000 Canadian Law □ Child welfare laws require those [including professionals, and members of the public] who suspect child maltreatment to report the incidence to the appropriate authorities □ Importantly, every jurisdiction in Canada grants immunity for civil action against individuals who report suspicions of child abuse or neglect in good faith Canadian Law □ Child protection legislation that all suspected cases of abuse must be reported to child protection authorities □ Some provinces (SK, PEI, Newfoundland, NWT) reports can made to police as well □ Physical and sexual abuse is an offense (Criminal Code of Canada) □ Provincial laws focus on the protection of children from harm □ Joint investigations: minimized interview times of the children [better for children] and reduces the interference or corruption against the alleged perpetrators case Criminal Code of Canada: Sexual Abuse and Exploitation □ consent no defense — s.150.1 □ sexual interference — s.151 □ invitation to sexual touching — s.152 □ sexual exploitation of a young person — s.153 □ incest — s.155 □ bestiality — s.160 □ order of probation, which prohibits an offender convicted of a sexual offence involving a young person from attending at or near certain public places where children may be present or seeking, obtaining or continuing employment that involves being in a position of trust or authority towards a young person — s.161 □ corrupting morals — s.163 □ child pornography — s.163.1 Criminal Code of Canada: Sexual Abuse and Exploitation □ parent or guardian procuring sexual activity — s.170 □ householder permitting sexual activity — s.171 □ corrupting children — s.172 □ luring a child — s.172.1 □ indecent acts — s.173 (1) □ exposure — s.173(2) □ vagrancy — s.179 □ living off avails of child prostitution — s.212(2) □ obtaining for consideration, or communicating to obtain the sexual services of a child — s.212(4) Criminal Code of Canada: Sexual Abuse and Exploitation □ criminal harassment — s.264 □ sexual assault — s.271 □ sexual assault with a weapon, threats by a third party or causing bodily harm — s.272 □ aggravated sexual assault — s.273 □ purpose of sentencing — s.718 □ peace bond, if a person fears that another person will commit a sexual offence against a child — s.810.1 Canada: costs/ year Costs of Child Abuse in Canada Judicial $616,685,247 Social Services $ 1,178,062,222 Education $ 23,882,994 Health $ 222,570,517 Employment $11,299,601,383 Personal $ 2,365,107,683 Total $15,705,910,047