درس المدارس الفقهية PDF

Summary

This document contains information about Islamic jurisprudence, specifically focusing on the schools of thought and their reasoning. It covers the emergence of the schools of thought, the differences between them, and the reasoning behind these differences. It includes discussions on the methods of jurists and the role of historical context.

Full Transcript

‫أن اﻟﺼﻼة ﻟﮭﺎ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا ﺑﻈﺎھﺮ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ھﻮ اﻹﺳﺮاع‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرض اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻼھﻤﺎ اﺟﺘﮭﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻠﺮأي اﻟﺼﻮاب‬ ‫أن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻗﺪ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻓﮭﻢ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮھﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء إذا ا...

‫أن اﻟﺼﻼة ﻟﮭﺎ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫أﺧﺬوا ﺑﻈﺎھﺮ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ھﻮ اﻹﺳﺮاع‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرض اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻼھﻤﺎ اﺟﺘﮭﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻠﺮأي اﻟﺼﻮاب‬ ‫أن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻗﺪ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﻓﻲ ﻓﮭﻢ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮھﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء إذا اﺟﺘﮭﺪوا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬واﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ آراءھﻢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪......................‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻛﺜﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأي‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﻔﺘﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮق اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻔﺮق اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﻋﺎدات أھﻞ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻣﻤﺎ أدى ﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻔﻘﮭﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮوة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﺑﻦ زﯾﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪94‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫‪107‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﯾﺴﺎر‬ ‫‪98‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﯿﺪ ﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﻷﺣﺎدﯾﺚ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﺤﻮادث واﻟﻔﺘﻦ وظﮭﻮر اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻜﺎن ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر ﻟﻠﻤﺬھﺐ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ اﻟﻀﺎﻟﺔ ‪ ،‬إﻓﺴﺎد اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎد اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻜﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ھﺘﺎف ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺘﻢ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﯿﻊ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺣﻀﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﮭﺰاء‬ ‫إذا وﺟﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ وﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻓﻼ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻟﻼﺟﺘﮭﺎد ھﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأي واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻨﺒﻮي ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻌﺎت ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﺤﻮادث واﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ووﺟﻮد اﻟﻔﺘﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﮭﺎد ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وظﮭﻮر اﻟﻔﺮق ﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﻷﺣﺎدﯾﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪاث ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأي واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻨﺒﻮي ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﮫ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻌﺎت ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﻛﺜﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأي واﻟﻘﯿﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص‬

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