Chapter 4 Notes: Cellular Respiration PDF

Chapter 4 Notes: Cellular Respiration What is Energy? Energy is the ________________ to do ______. _______ work = ______ energy...

Chapter 4 Notes: Cellular Respiration What is Energy? Energy is the ________________ to do ______. _______ work = ______ energy Types of Energy 1. Kinetic energy = __________ energy: any moving object has this due to molecules moving and colliding 2. Potential energy = ___________ energy: due to an object’s position or physical or chemical structure Ex.of potential energy: __________________________________ Food is a type of ______________ energy Food is a form of _________________ energy Where is the energy in food stored? ______________________________________ ________________________________ Cells: Using Chemical Energy to do Work (label the diagram) Food and Chemical Energy The chemical energy of food is measured in _____________ The “Freshman 15” concept refers to: Is the “Freshman 15” concept TRUE? YES or NO (circle one) ATP and Cellular Work _____________________________ is a process that chemically breaks down food and releases energy so that cell can create its own energy called __________. This process occurs in the ___________________ (hint: what is this?) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Structure Adenosine = ___________ + _____________ Triphosphate = _____ phosphate `tails’; phosphates have a __________ charge which ________ each other = ____________ and high potential energy How ATP Provides Energy ATP energizes molecules though a chemical reaction by donating a `P’ to another molecule and energy released allows work to happen Types of Work that ATP Provides: Eg. P attaches to muscle 1. protein, which changes shape to allow movement Eg. P attaches to transport protein and protein changes 2. shape to allow substance in/out Eg. P attaches to molecule 3. and makes it more likely for other molecules to bind to it  The ATP Cycle What process helps ADP return to ATP? ____________________________ Cellular Respiration Complete the following Stages of Cellular Respiration Table Stage name Location of stage Main molecule Main molecule # of ATP produced Is oxygen needed starting stage after stage per glucose in stage? Metabolism Definition: Any ____________ reaction that occurs in organisms Types of Metabolism: 1. _________________ metabolism: when enough oxygen reaches the cell mitochondria to support body needs 2. _________________ metabolism: when the demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s availability to deliver it **Problem with this type of metabolism: Metabolism and Enzymes Enzymes are specialized proteins that alter the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process Key points about Enzymes: Also called _________________ Living cells have ____________ of different types of enzymes Most body reactions require enzymes to work Many enzyme names end in the suffix ____________ Each enzyme is selective – it catalyzes a specific reaction How Enzymes Work Draw an enzyme and a substrate here: There are two models to describe how enzymes work: 1. _____________________ model: enzymes have a specific shape that match a specific substrate 2. _____________________ model: once the enzyme binds to the substrate the enzyme changes shape to make it fit like a glove with substrate; changing of shape physically stresses bonds of substrate so it’s easier to break. Enzymes Lower Activation Energy Activation energy = the amount of energy to start a reaction (energy needed to break the ___________of a substrate = a BARRIER to a reaction wanting to happen How is a chaperone at a children’s dance similar to activation energy and what happens if the chaperone is removed?  Enzyme Activity: Label the following diagram of an enzyme in action by referring to the lecture! Enzyme Inhibitors: Function to block metabolic reactions by stopping enzymes from working Two categories of inhibitors: 1. ________________ inhibitor – binds to active site on enzyme to prevent substrate from attaching 2. ________________ inhibitor – binds to a remote site on enzyme which changes shape of enzyme’s active site and substrate can no longer attach