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# Von Neumann Architecture This document describes the Von Neumann architecture, a computer architecture that stores both data and instructions in the same memory space. ## Components: * **Control Unit:** Manages and coordinates the overall operation of the CPU. * **Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):**...

# Von Neumann Architecture This document describes the Von Neumann architecture, a computer architecture that stores both data and instructions in the same memory space. ## Components: * **Control Unit:** Manages and coordinates the overall operation of the CPU. * **Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):** Performs arithmetic and logical operations. * **Registers:** Small, fast storage locations within the CPU. They hold data for immediate use by the ALU or other parts of the CPU. * **Memory (RAM/ROM):** A larger storage area that stores instructions and data. Memory is accessed via its address. * **Memory Address Register (MAR):** Holds the address of the memory location to be accessed. * **Memory Data Register (MDR):** Holds the data being read from or written to memory. * **Program Counter (PC):** Holds the address of the next instruction to be executed. * **Accumulator:** Holds the result of calculations performed by the ALU. ## Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle: 1. **Fetch:** * The address in the PC is transferred to the MAR. * The instruction at the address in memory (specified by MAR) is copied into the MDR. * The PC is incremented to point to the next instruction. 2. **Decode:** The instruction in the MDR is interpreted (decoded) to determine the operation to be performed. 3. **Execute:** The operation specified by the instruction is performed. * **Important Note:** The exact steps and components of the Von Neumann fetch-decode-execute cycle are subject to some variation in different implementations. ## Registers: - Tiny quick storage locations within the CPU. - Each register holds a specific piece of information for the CPU to work effectively. ## Instructions: - The instruction held in the MDR is interpreted to be executed. - The CPU follows the fetch-decode-execute steps to execute the program instructions. **Summary:** The Von Neumann architecture fundamentally uses common memory for storing both instructions and data. A control unit is necessary to manage all the components. Arithmetic, logical operations and Boolean functions can be completed via an ALU that interacts with internal and external registers, allowing for program execution and data manipulation. Registers perform quick storage and retrieval within the CPU. The fetch, decode, and execute process cycle is at the heart of the Von Neumann operation.