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# Reproduction in Plants ## Production in Plants - The flowers that you see around us are borne on plants that are reproductive. - These flowers are borne on the plants. - They bear male and female reproductive parts. - When on fusion they produce a seed which germinates to produce new plants. - T...

# Reproduction in Plants ## Production in Plants - The flowers that you see around us are borne on plants that are reproductive. - These flowers are borne on the plants. - They bear male and female reproductive parts. - When on fusion they produce a seed which germinates to produce new plants. - The reproductive parts of a flower help in the reproduction of the plant. ## A Typical Flower with its Internal Parts - There are four whorls of the flower: - **Calyx**: This is the outermost part of the flower. - **Corolla**: Made up of petals. It forms the second inner whorl arranged next to the sepals. - **Androecium**: It’s the third whorl. Consists of delicate, thread-like structures called the stamens. - **Gynoecium**: This is the innermost parts of the flower. It consists of carpels. ### Parts of the Flower - **Sepals** are the green, outermost part of the flower. - **Petals** are the large, fragrant and brightly colored parts of the flower. - **Stamens** are the male reproductive parts of the flower. - **Carpels** are the female reproductive parts of the flower. #### Stamens - Each stamen is formed of a long, narrow, thin **filament** and a broad sac-like bilobed **anther** found at its tip. - Each anther contains four pollen sacs in which the pollen grains develop. - The pollen grains contain the male gametes. #### Carpels - Carpels are formed of three parts: **ovary**, **style**, and **stigma**. - **Ovules** are present inside the ovary. Each ovule contains an egg cell which later develops into a seed after successful fertilisation. - **Function of a Flower**: It is the reproductive organ of the plant. - A flower contains the male parts (stamens) and the female parts (carpels). - The pollen grains from the male part are transferred by air or insects. - The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is called pollination. ## Pollination - Pollination is the process in which the pollen grains from the anthers are transferred to the stigma of a flower of the same species. - There are two types of pollination: - **Self-pollination**: Occurs either within the same flower or between two flowers on the same plant. - **Cross-pollination**: Occurs where the pollen grains from the anthers may fall on the stigma of the flower.