7A1B10 Architecture and the City Past Paper PDF

7A1B10 Architecture and the City an exploration into architectural and urban design jctv Rome Trajan Forum, photo: jctv...

7A1B10 Architecture and the City an exploration into architectural and urban design jctv Rome Trajan Forum, photo: jctv videocollege.tue.nl introduction to the course… archite the & cture city Anne Marie Peters Jacob Voorthuis Maarten Willems Anne Marie Peters, (Responsible lecturer & Coordinator Course) Vertigo 7.14 Jacob Voorthuis (Lecturer) Vertigo 7.18 Maarten Willems (Lecturer) Vertigo 7.34 https://canvas.tue.nl/ Intended Learning Outcomes Define and describe the basic concepts relating to architecture and urban design. Explain and demonstrate the basic concepts by relating them to specific examples Describe and apply the primary tools of architectural analysis. Relate the terms form, space and order to the analyzed houses by drawing and modelling architectural elements and describing how they spatially connect and describing their ordering principle(s). Additional Personal & Professional Development (P&PD) learning objectives: Collaborating: Be open to feedback and use it to improve study performance. Oral presentation: Give a clear introduction to the structured presentation describing how and why the presentation is structured the way it is. Communication: Present ideas coherently and clearly underpinned with evidence. Drawing & modelling: Make accurate models with care and give reasons for why the model was made the way it is. Drawing & modelling: Choose, argue and demonstrate the most effective line A competition!  Take a great photograph or make a great A competition! drawing in which architecture and the city are brought into relation in some way. The winner gets a copy of Ivor Smith’s beautiful book Architecture, An Inspiration and the honour of supplying next year’s iconic photograph to be placed on Canvas for the course 7X1X0 Deadline: upload a digital photograph or image of your drawing to Canvas by 17.00 hours on Friday 3rd january 2025 The photograph/drawing must be taken/made by yourself and you will have to give us permission to use it for one year. Jonas Fleischer's Architecture and the City image: winner of the Visualization Competition, 2022  Ymke Broeren winner photo competition, 2019-2020 What is a city?  A city is a large human settlement. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process. Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, roughly half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability. Present-day cities usually form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas—creating numerous commuters traveling towards city centers for employment, entertainment, and edification. However, in a world of intensifying globalization, all cities are in different degree also connected globally beyond these regions. The most populated city proper is Shanghai while the most populous metropolitan areas are the Greater Tokyo Area, the Shanghai area, and Jabodetabek (Jakarta). The cities of Faiyum, Damascus, and Varanasi are among those laying claim to longest continual inhabitation. Source: Wikipedia, visited 1.9.2018 http://www.dawn.com/news/1226518 Osaka, traffic node Photo: jctv Greg Girard and Ian Lambot, City of Darkness, Life in Kowloon City, 1993 it was thorught some 50.000 people lived in this relatively tiny city of 2.6 hectares, on the edges of Hong Kong  The Urbanisation of The Netherlands De Randstad in the Netherlands, a cluster of interdependent villages, towns and cities https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Randstad.png https://www.geographixs.com/g1h4sect5-voorzieningen.html Aigues Mortes, France, founded in 1240 by St Louis, Dubai in the Desert https://www.arabianbusiness.com/dubai-edges-out-abu-dhabi-for-mideast-s-most-sustainable-city-title-645290.html Assyrian Relief from about 850 BC, Saville Row, London, one of the most famous of specialist showing the organization of the streets. Here the best tailors of London have their shops. In city, each quarter with its own Harley Street, the best doctors of London have their activities: potteries, butchers, practice bakeries, taylors http://www.alexandru-remus.ro/savile-row/ The Mayor of Delft, sitting on the stoop of his The Paraisópolis favela (Paradise City shantytown) house with his daughter being approached by a borders the affluent district of Morumbi in São Paulo, beggar lady and her child by Jan Steen, 1655 Brazil. (Foto: Tuca Vieira) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) http://thegroundtruthproject.org/projects/the-great-divide/  The Harbour of Rotterdam The baths of Bath in England http://transito-eur.nl/port-of-rotterdam-trip https://www.cheltenhamrocks.co.uk/listings/roman-baths/ Lease of land and cattle The codex of city lwaws engraved upon the Demotic Egypt Louvre E 7833 city walls in Gortyn, 5th C. BC Florentia (Florence), Italy, founded in 59 Frank Lloyd Wright, Broadacre City, where city and country would BC city grid embedded in the centuriation merge into one. The idea was presented in The Disappearing City, of the country: 728 meters per side 1932 containing 100 small landholdings, from Kostof, A History of Architecture https://www.metropolismag.com/cities/what-broadacre-city-can-teach-us/ Giuseppe Zocchi, Piazza della Signoria in Florence, Neutelings Riedijk, MAS building in Antwerp, 2011 1st half of the 18th C. http://www.confederatiebouw.be/fr-be/agenda/agendadetailweergave.aspx?no_reference=06017270 http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/6551-what-is-i-amsterdam Aristotle 384-322 BC Aristotle’s Definition of the Polis in his Politics 1253a: 2-3: Human beings are, by nature, creatures who live in a city (polis). 1279a: 21: A city is a partnership of the free. 1276b: 1-2: A city is a partnership of citizens in a system of government. 1252a: 1-7: Every city is a kind of partnership, and every partnership is created for the sake of something good. Political partnership, which is called the city-state, aims at the most authoritative good of all. 1252b: 29-30: The city comes into being for the sake of living, but it exists for the sake of living “well” (to eu zen). 1280b: 29-1281a8: A city is clearly not just living together in a shared territory for mutual defense and the exchange of goods. It is rather a partnership among households, clans, and villages for living “well,” for the sake of a fully developed and self-sufficient life. Those who contribute most to a partnership of this sort have a greater part in the city than those who are equal or greater in freedom or family, but unequal in political excellence, or those who outdo them in wealth, but are outdone in excellence. 1278b: 21-25: The goal or purpose (telos) of the city certainly encompasses physical existence and survival, but it is also more than that, namely, living “finely/beautifully” (to zen kalos). 1280b: 6-8: The city that is truly a city must be concerned with excellence (arete). 1323b: 30-34: The best city flourishes and acts finely. It is impossible for those who do not do fine things to act finely. There is no fine action of man or city-state apart from excellence and thinking. 1282b: 16-18: The political good is justice, and justice is the common advantage. So what then is architecture?  Literature: Francis D.K. Ching Introduction to Architecture, 'Chapter 1, Object, Space, Building, City' pp1-12 Source portrait: http://blogs.seattletimes.com/seattlesketcher/2009/06/23/coffee_and_with_frank_ching/, consulted 16.9.2015 Oxford English Dictionary Architecture: sb. 1593 [- Fr. Architecture or L. architectura; see ARCHITECT, -URE] 1. The art or science of constructing edifices for human use, specialized as Civil, Ecclesiastical, Naval, and Military.Occas. Regarded merely as a fine art. (See quots.) 2. The action or process of building (arch.) 1646. 3. Concr. Architectural work; structure 1611 4. A special method or style of structure and ornamentation 1703 5. Transf. Or 昀椀g. Construction Generally 1590 1. Marine A. 1800. A., as distinguished from mere building, is the decoration of construction G.SCOTT. 3. The ruins of the a. are the schools of modern builders JOHNSON. 4. Many other architectures besides Gothic RUSKIN. Hence Architecture v. to design as architect KEATS 29 Wikipedia visited 2.9.2019 Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief“ and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture, 1943 A bicycle shed is a building; Lincoln Cathedral is a piece of Architecture…The term architecture applies only to buildings designed with a view to aesthetic appeal 31 A bicycle shed… Lincoln cathedral, the Hugo Choir, crazy vaults by Godfried of Noiers, 1192 rebuilt after 1239 arche tecton = chief carpenter tektōn (τέκτων) = carpenter or cabinet maker, As opposed to smith (χαλκεύς) chalkeus, or Mason (λιθολόγος) lithologos Someone who builds bij selecting the right stones that fit together well (harmonia) or Mason (λιθοδόμος) lithodomos Someone who dresses stone to make it fit Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c. 80–70 BC, died after c. 15 BC.) Architecti est scientia pluribus disciplinis et variis eruditionibus ornata 35  Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c. 80–70 BC, died after c. 15 BC.) De architectura libri decem Vitruvius, Cesare Cesariano, 1521 Leonardo da Vinci,Vitruvian Man, 15th C Vitruvius by Fra Giocondo, 1511 A.Vaillant, Theorie de l'architecture (1919) The building is a mechanical instrument, a machine constructed for some service 37 Thomas Graham Jackson, 1835 – 1924, Architecture, 1925 A = the poetry of construction, it is based on building, but it is something more than building as poetry is something more than prose Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret (1887-1965) Vers Une Architecture, 1924 (1923) Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret (1887-1965) Vers Une Architecture, 1924 (1923) l’architecture est le jeu savant, correct et magnifique des volumes assemblés sous la lumière 40 Le Corbusier, Ronchamp, 1951-55, interieur Zuid muur Le Corbusier, Ahmedabad Millowner's Association House, 1951-54, eastern façade with brise-soleil Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew & Maxwell Fry, 1951-62, Supreme Court, Chandigarh Le Corbusier, Villa La Roche 1923 Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret (1887-1965) Vers Une Architecture, 1924 (1923) Architecture goes beyond utilitarian needs.You employ stone, wood and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces. That is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good, I am happy and I say “This is beautiful”. That is architecture. Art enters in. 43 Abbaye du Thoronet, Choir 1160-75 John Fleming, Hugh Honour, Nikolaus Pevsner, Dictionary of Architecture, 1966 A = …… 45 This is architecture… Concepts dealt with: Words People Definition City Spiro Kostof Density Circumscription/Perimeter Aristotle Specialized Differentiation Hierarchy and Social Heterogeneity Paul Shepheard Resources Records, Laws and Ownership City/Countryside Le Corbusier Landmarks, Monumental Definition, Identity Form, function, Ideas and Values Nicolaus Pevsner The good life (Eudaimion) Ivor Smith Architecture Arche-tecton Aesthetic Appeal Drawing and Describing: Sketch & Concept Workbook Leonardo da Vinci, study of weights and friction, c. 1510