Nervous System PDF

NERVOUS SYSTEM By: Heston Sial  I. Introduction II. Functions of the Nervous system III. Divisions of the Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System A. Somatic nervous system 1. Cranial nerves -types and...

NERVOUS SYSTEM By: Heston Sial  I. Introduction II. Functions of the Nervous system III. Divisions of the Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System A. Somatic nervous system 1. Cranial nerves -types and functions 2. Spinal nerves- plexuses B. Autonomic nervous system 1. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions 2. Neurotransmitters VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron A. Types and functions of neurons VII. Physiology of Impulse conduction VIII. Effects of aging on the Nervous System I. Introduction II. Functions of the Nervous system Sensory Function: Receives information about the environment (internal and external) through receptors. Examples: Sight, sound, touch, etc. Integration Function: Processes sensory information and makes decisions. Example: Interpreting pain and deciding on a response. Motor Function: Responds to decisions by activating muscles or glands. Example: Moving your hand away from a hot surface. II. Functions of the Nervous system Key Point: The nervous system maintains coordination within the body. Description: It communicates rapidly between different body parts through neurons, ensuring immediate and appropriate responses to stimuli. Illustration: Signal transmission in a neuron Homeostasis: ○ The nervous system regulates and maintains internal balance (e.g., temperature, heart rate). Reflexes: ○ Automatic, rapid responses to stimuli, such as pulling your hand away from a flame. II. Functions of the Nervous system III. Divisions of the Nervous System Definition: The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System IV. Components of the Central Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System 8 pairs 12 pairs 5 pairs 5 pairs 1 pair V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System V. Components of the Peripheral Nervous System SUMMARY SUMMARY VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron Summary VI. Anatomy and physiology of a neuron Disorders of the Nervous System Examples: ○ Alzheimer's Disease Is the most common type of dementia. It is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment ○ Parkinson's Disease Involuntary movements (dyskinesias) and painful muscle contractions (dystonias) can cause problems speaking and moving. These symptoms lead to high rates of disability and the need for care. Many people with PD also develop dementia during the course of their disease. ○ Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system. MS is unpredictable. Some people may be only mildly affected. Others may lose the ability to see clearly, write, speak, or walk. Early symptoms can include vision problems, trouble walking, and tingling feelings. Key Point: Damage to the nervous system can affect movement, cognition, and more. 7. Effects of aging on the Nervous System 7. Effects of aging on the Nervous System Summary: ○ The nervous system is vital for sensing, integrating, and responding to stimuli. Closing Thought: ○ Maintaining nervous system health is crucial for overall well-being.