Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey PDF

CE 132 - HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING Eric G. Awa-ao, CE Faculty, Civil Engineering Program Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey Objective:  To be able to determine the classification of roads, differentiate the road patterns and to...

CE 132 - HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD ENGINEERING Eric G. Awa-ao, CE Faculty, Civil Engineering Program Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey Objective:  To be able to determine the classification of roads, differentiate the road patterns and to know the importance of planning survey. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey What is road?  The road is a paved way or a route or a thoroughfare which drives you to reach your destination through vehicles. Roads are classified based on different criteria, each among them is further classified into different types of roads. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS (PHILIPPINES)  The Philippine highway network is a network of national roads owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and organized into three classifications according to their function or purpose: national primary, secondary, and tertiary roads.  The national roads in the Philippines are classified into three types by the Department of Public Works and Highways under the Philippine Highway Act of 1953 (Republic Act No. 917) and the series of memorandums issued by the department between 2009 and 2014. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS  As of October 15, 2019, it has a total length of 21,646.10 kilometers (13,450.26 mi) of concrete roads, 10,440.98 kilometers (6,487.72 mi) of asphalt roads, 889.21 kilometers (552.53 mi) of gravel roads, and 41.96 kilometers (26.07 mi) of earth roads, with a grand total of 33,018.25 kilometers (20,516.59 mi). Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey  National Primary  The national primary roads are roads which form parts of the main trunk line system and directly connect three or more major cities and metropolitan areas with a population of at least 100,000.  They are further classified into the north–south backbone, east–west lateral, and other roads of strategic importance. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey  National Secondary  The national secondary roads are roads that complement the primary roads and provide access to other major population centers.  Directly connect cities to National Primary Roads, except in metropolitan areas  Directly connect major ports and ferry terminals (as defined by DOTr) to National Primary Roads  Directly connect major airports (as defined by DOTr) to National Primary Roads  Directly connect tourist service centers (as defined by DOT) to National Primary Roads or other National Secondary Roads Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey  National Secondary  Directly connect cities (not included in the category of major cities)  Directly connect provincial capitals within the same region  Directly connect major National Government Infrastructure to National Primary Roads or other National Secondary Roads  National Tertiary  The third classification was introduced in 2014 known as national tertiary roads.  They include other existing roads administered by the DPWH which perform a local function. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey Applicable only for Primary and Secondary Roads  Bypass/Diversion Roads  Roads that divert through traffic away from the city/municipality business centers (with affirmative feasibility study)  Roads that would connect or fill the gap between adjoining national roads (protruding) to form a continuous national road network. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey Local Roads  Provincial Roads  Connect cities and municipalities without traversing National Roads.  Connect to National Roads to barangays through rural areas.  Connect to major provincial government infrastructure.  Municipal and City Roads  Roads within poblacion.  Roads that connect to Provincial and National Roads.  Roads that provide inter-barangay connections to major Municipal and City Infrastructure without traversing Provincial Roads. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey  Barangay Roads  Other Public Roads (officially turned over) within the barangay and not covered in the above definitions.  Expressways  Highways with limited access, normally with interchanges; may include facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system. EXAMPLES Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey NATIONAL PRIMARY ROAD PAN-PHILIPPINE HIGHWAY ALSO KNOWN AS AH26, ASIAN HIGHWAY 26, OR MAHARLIKA HIGHWAY Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey NATIONAL SECONDARY ROAD MATI-MARAGUSAN ROAD Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey NATIONAL TERTIARY ROAD DAHICAN-LAWIGAN ROAD Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey PROVINCIAL ROAD TAMISAN-LAWIGAN ROAD Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey MUNICIPAL OR CITY ROAD ST. DOÑA ROSA TO ST. NAZARENO Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey EXPRESSWAYS NORTHERN LUZON EXPRESSWAY OR NLEX Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey What is Road Pattern?  When the road is constructed in patterns like rectangular, radial, hexagonal, etc for the proper management of traffic and also to interconnect the branch roads with main roads then it is called road pattern.  The main principle of road patterns is to reduce the time and distance that the vehicle takes to reach the destination place. It also focuses on the interconnection of branch roads. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 1. Rectangular or Block Pattern In this pattern; the whole area is divided into rectangular blocks. Streets or branch roads intersect with each other at the right angle. The main roads always pass through the centre and it should be wide enough. Branch roads may be narrow as compared to main roads. The main roads should be provided with a direct approach to outside the city. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 2. Radial or Star and Block Pattern It is a combination of star and block patterns. The entire area is divided into a radial network of roads radiating from the centre outwardly with a block pattern network of roads in between the radial main streets. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 3. Radial or Star and Circular Pattern It is the pattern in which the main roads(radial roads) radiates from the central point and are connected with concentric roads(ring roads) that are also radiating outwardly. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 4. Radial or Star and Grid Pattern This pattern is formed by the combination of Star and Grid Pattern. As in other, a radial network of road radiates from the centre outwardly. Then, the main radial streets are interconnected by providing a grid pattern. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 5. Hexagonal Pattern In this, the entire area is divided into hexagonal patterns. Three roads meet the built-up area boundary by the sides of the hexagons at every corner of the hexagon which can be further divided into suitable sizes. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey 6. Minimum Travel Pattern In this, the city centre is connected with suburban centres and neighbour centres with the shortest roads. To make the road short; road alignment is made straight. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey PLANNING SURVEY For assessing the required road length for the area field studies are conducted to collect the necessary data. These are the following: ❏ Economic studies ❏ Financial studies ❏ Traffic or road use studies ❏ Engineering studies Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey ECONOMIC STUDIES ❏ Population and its distribution in each village, town or other locality with the area classified in groups. ❏ Trend of Population growth ❏ Agricultural and industrial products and their listing in classified groups area wise. ❏ Industrial and agricultural development and future trends. ❏ Existing facilities with regard to communication, recreation, and education. ❏ Per capita income. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey FINANCIAL STUDIES ❏ Sources of income and estimated revenue from taxation on road transport. ❏ Living standards ❏ Resources at local level, toll taxes, vehicle registration and fines. ❏ Future trends in financial aspects. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey TRAFFIC OR ROAD USE STUDIES ❏ Traffic volume in vehicles per day, annual average daily traffic, peak and design hourly traffic volume. ❏ Origin and traffic destinations. ❏ Traffic flow pattern ❏ Mass transportation facilities. ❏ Accidents, their cost analysis and causes ❏ Future trend growth in traffic; trend traffic pattern ❏ Growth and of passenger trips and the trend in the choice of modes. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey ENGINEERING STUDIES ❏ Topographic surveys ❏ Soil surveys ❏ Location and classification of existing roads ❏ Estimation of possible developments in all aspects due to the proposed highway development. ❏ Road life studies ❏ Traffic-studies-origin and destination studies. ❏ Special problems in drainage, construction and maintenance of roads. Classification of Roads, Road Patterns, and Planning Survey Interpretation of Planning Surveys The data collected could be interpreted and used for the following major purposes: ❖ Comparison of the areas may be obtained on the basis of their economic activities. This information may therefore suggest the areas of immediate need for road network. ❖ On statistical basis, the data obtained in fact finding surveys may be analyzed for future trends in the development of an area i.e., growth in productivity and population which in turn generate traffic volume. This information may be useful in the future planning. References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_highway_network "Department of Public Works and Highways Atlas 2019". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved December 30, 2020. "Brief History of National Roads in the Philippines" (PDF). Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved February 20, 2017. Republic Act No. 917 (June 20, 1953), Philippine Highway Act of 1953, retrieved February 20, 2017 https://dreamcivil.com/road-pattern/ Planning Survey, Preparation of Plans and Interpretation of Planning Surveys: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UB6DPhKR4QE