Transport, Biosafety and Disinfection Guidelines PDF

Sample collection and shipping Transport, biosafety and disinfection May 2007 Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Learning objectives At the end of the presentation, parti...

Sample collection and shipping Transport, biosafety and disinfection May 2007 Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Learning objectives At the end of the presentation, participants should understand: Principles of biosafety How to transport dangerous pathogens Biosafety levels in a laboratory General disinfection principles Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Laboratory Biosafety WHO describes this is as: containment principles technologies practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Principles of biosafety To protect: the patient yourself the environment Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Air transport of infectious substances International Air Transportation Association (IATA) Infectious Substances Shipping Guidelines UNCETDG ICAO IATA TRANSPORT OF INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES Scientific background to the 13th revised edition of the UN Model Regulations regarding the requirements for transporting infectious substances 2003 Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Transport regulations (1) Transport of infectious substances is subject to strict national and international regulations: proper use of packaging materials proper labelling, notification Compliance: reduces likelihood of damaging packages minimizes exposure improves carrier’s efficiency and confidence in package delivery Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Transport regulations (2) Subject to regular amendments shippers refer to latest issuances of national and international regulations for regulations International regulations not intended to supersede local or national requirements where national requirements do not exist, international regulations should be followed Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  How to select a laboratory Depends on specimen and analyses required assess lab’s capacity before sending Some analyses (e.g. Ebola) performed in few places identify recipient before sending Depends on transportation options, timing Depends on what capacity available national reference laboratory, hospital laboratory WHO Collaborating Centre laboratory, polio network laboratory Pasteur Institute network laboratory, CDC/Namru/others Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  What to include on a request form Specimen collection date, time Epidemiological or demographic identification to link laboratory and epidemiological data patient’s name (or identifier/outbreak code), age, sex Suspected clinical diagnosis, main clinical signs Context suspected outbreak, confirmed outbreak, verified outbreak, end of outbreak or routine surveillance Sender name(s) and contact information Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Triple packaging Main goals protects the environment, the carrier protects the sample arrival in good condition for analysis If triple packaging not available prepare according to international dangerous goods transportation rules (see IATA guidelines) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  The basic triple packaging system Three layers of protection are needed: primary receptacle secondary packaging outer packaging IATA shipping guidelines provide details about definitions, packaging requirements, markings and labels, accompanying documentation, notification protocols and refrigerants Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  The basic triple packaging system: primary receptacle Leak-proof specimen container Packaged with sufficient absorbent material to absorb the entire content of the primary receptacle in case of breakage Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  The basic triple packaging system: secondary receptacle Leak-proof secondary container Encloses and protects the primary receptacle(s) several cushioned primary receptacles may be placed in one secondary packaging sufficient additional absorbent material to absorb all fluid in case of breakage Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  The basic triple packaging system: outer packaging Secondary packaging(s) are placed in outer shipping packaging with suitable cushioning material Outer packaging protects contents from outside influences, physical damage, while in transit Smallest overall external dimension 10 x10 cm Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Infectious substances included in the category A Highly pathogenic micro-organisms Indicative list available Haemorrhagic fever agents Variola virus Other pathogens dangerous only in culture (of concern to laboratory staff only) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Key principles: dangerous goods Infectious substances, Category B IATA Packing Instruction 650, “Diagnostic specimens” (UN 3373) Use UN 3373 label Do not use biohazard label Infectious substances, Category A IATA Packing Instruction 602, “Infectious substances” (UN 2814 or UN 2900) Use biohazard label Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category B, “650 package” UN 3373 No biohazard label Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category A “602 package” Labels: UN 2814 UN 2900 Biohazard Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Triple packages Category B infectious substances may be shipped in "602" packages, as long as the correct marking and labelling is provided on the outer package Category A infectious substances cannot be shipped in "650" packages Category A Category B (“602”) (“650”) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category A Bacillus anthracis (cultures only) Coccidioides immitis (cultures only) Brucella abortus (cultures only) Coxiella burnetii (cultures only) Brucella melitensis (cultures only) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Brucella suis (cultures only) Dengue virus (cultures only) Burkholderia mallei [Pseudomonas mallei Eastern equine encephalitis virus (cultures onl – Glanders](cultures only) Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic (cultures only) Burkholderia pseudomallei [Pseudomonas pseudomallei] (cultures only) Ebola virus Chlamydia psittaci [avian strains] (cultures Flexal virus only) Francisella tularensis (cultures only) Clostridium botulinum (cultures only) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category A (cont’d) Guanarito virus Junin virus Hantaan virus Kyasanur Forest disease virus Hantaviruses causing haemorrhagic Lassa virus fever with renal syndrome Machupo virus Hendra virus Hepatitis B virus (cultures only) Marburg virus Herpes B virus (cultures only) Monkeypox virus Human immunodeficiency virus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (cultures (cultures only) only) Highly pathogenic avian influenza Nipah virus virus (cultures only) Francisella tularensis (cultures only) Japanese Encephalitis virus (cultures only) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category A (cont’d) Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus Sabia virus Poliovirus (cultures only) Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (cultures only) Rabies virus (cultures only) Tick-borne encephalitis virus (cultures Rickettsia prowasekii (cultures only) only) Rickettsia rickettsii (cultures only) Variola virus Rift Valley fever virus (cultures only) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (cultures only) Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (cultures only) West Nile virus (cultures only) Yellow fever virus (cultures only) Yersinia pestis (cultures only) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Category A (cont’d) Mycoplasma mycoides [Contagious African swine fever virus (cultures bovine pleuropneumonia] (cultures only) only) Avian paramyxovirus Type 1 Peste des petits ruminants virus [Velogenic Newcastle disease virus] (cultures only) (cultures only) Rinderpest virus (cultures only) Classical swine fever virus (cultures only) Sheep-pox virus (cultures only) Foot and mouth disease virus Goatpox virus (cultures only) (cultures only) Swine vesicular disease virus Lumpy skin disease virus (cultures (cultures only) only) Vesicular stomatitis virus (cultures only) Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists  Sample collection and shipping Developed by the Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response of the World Health Organization with assistance from: European Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training Canadian Field Epidemiology Program Thailand Ministry of Health Institut Pasteur Laboratory Training for Field Epidemiologists