Adolescence, Adulthood, and Old Age PDF

Challenges during adolesence Chapter 2 Session Learning Outcomes – 2 sequential sessions 1 2 3 4 5 Explain the Identify the Explain the Outline the...

Challenges during adolesence Chapter 2 Session Learning Outcomes – 2 sequential sessions 1 2 3 4 5 Explain the Identify the Explain the Outline the demonstrate developmental psychosocial developmental developmental knowledge and E characteristics during challenges faced by dimensions and dimensions and understanding of F E early,o E o middle and late adolescence. o adolescents. related psychosocial aspects during early related psychosocial aspects during middle current issues in ageing and later life adulthood adulthood avestions after I In  Puberty for many children and pre-teens begins during this stage of adolescence. Early Physical growth accelerates during this phase and body imaged changed remarkably. Adolescence 11 to 14 years Changes start happening earlier for females than for males. Females may start developing a year or two ahead of boys in most cases. Changes can start as early as age 8 in females and age 9.5 for males but can become more noticeable at the onset of adolescence.  The most concerns at this phase centered on the body image, acne due to hormonal changes or obesity may affect the self-esteem at this age. Early Adolescence High sensitivity for peers opinions and acceptance. 11 to 14 Independence sense at this phase doesn't interfere with parental authority years “black-and-white” thought process. Something is either right or wrong, with no room for other interpretation. They see things as either amazing or awful, rarely ever just “okay.”  Apperance is one of the most interst during this phase. Middle People at this age seek to be fit in with peers from same and opposite genders. Adolescence Peer groups demand that members conform as 15-17 years you this reduces stress related to decision-making. Social activities are peers and friends oriented.  Challenge rules and parents authority. Risk-taking behaviors develop and emerged during this Middle phase. Adolescence Despite the powerful health 15-17 years promotion messages about its dangers there is still a very high rate of smoking in the young population.  Young people in this age range have better impulse control and decision-making skills than in middle adolescence. Risks and rewards are more accurately evaluated. Late There is a stronger sense of identity in Adolescence older adolescents. 18-20 years Values and beliefs are often solidified during this stage.  Learning and Intellectual communication disabilitiy disorders Problems Tourette’s Affecting disorder ADHD Development Selective SAD mutism  Major parenting styles in psychology with specific characteristics – Authoritarian Parenting Authoritative Parenting Parenting Styles Permissive Parenting Uninvolved Parenting  Parents are usually not nurturing Authoritarian Stern discipline and Parenting punishment High expectations with little flexibility  Expectations are clearly stated and children can add inputs Authoritative Rules are clear and justified Parenting Communication is appropriate for the child to understand and express  Parents are caring and communication is open Permissive Children take decisions Parenting instead of following rules Parents have low expectations  No specific discipline strategy is used Uninvolved Lack of communication Parenting Parents are not warm or affectionate and have no expectations from children Challenges during Adulthood Chapter 3  Established sense of identity Intimacy vs. Isolation: a success development Early and maintaining for healthy relationships Adulthood Compared to adolescents' formal operational thought, adults’ attained postformal 20-40 operational thought which tends to be more based on practical experiences.  Married people live longer Mentally and physically healthier Marriage Less incidence of cancer and heart disease n  Addition of children Families Traditional family vs. Nuclear family  One of the challenges that adult might phase. Aknowledge the failuer of relationship Divorce Ability to stablize and continue their life is a challenge for divorced adults.  Face unique challenges Increased risk for physical and mental illness Single Parent Lower income and lower social support Children are at high risk for failure in school, Families depression, addiction, suicide, criminal activity, divorce  Enjoy good health, power and authority Middle Mid Life Crisis- ‘A sense of emptiness’ Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation Climacterium 40- 65 years  Work-Life Balance Stress in the Workplace Work and Dealing with Superiors and Peers Career Opportunities for growth and promotion THE Being responsible for children as well as aging SANDWICH parents GENERATION Old Age Chapter 4  Caring for aged patients is called Geriatrics Old Age Integrity vs. Despair  Independence vs. Care by Others Widowhood and Loneliness Issues of concern in Psychosocial Changes Old Age Cognitive and Neurological Functions decreases Psychopathology in the elderly  Longevity Independence vs. Most elderly are independent and can Care by Others care for themselves Assisted living  Most people do not experience bereavement until after 65 yrs 17% women and 4% men are widowed before they are 65 Widowhood during old age Widohood Isolation Loneliness Bereavement overload  Physical changes and Health problems associated with aging are uncomfortable Can have serious emotional and social consequences Psychosocial Changes Embarrassing problem of reduced bladder control Associated sensory losses can increase social isolation  Most mental skills remain intact as long as the person is mentally and physically active Cognitive People slow down in most activities changes Experience can compensate for speed Memory does not decline as much as it is often thought Alzheimer's Disease: Confusion Irritability Memory loss Aggression Mood swings Dementia: Decline in mental ability severe enough to impair everyday life  Depression is commonly associated with memory loss and cognitive problems Can increase risk for suicide Psychopathology in the Elderly Sleep disorders common High anxiety levels also prevalent Stages od Grief  Breavement A complex, evolving process with multiple dimensions like sadness and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love. Impact of death on surviving individuals is strongly influenced by the circumstances under which the death occurs Traumatic, violent, or sudden deaths are likely to have more intense and prolonged effects Can be accompanied by PTSD-like symptoms The role of physicians Transparancy with the patient and family. Acknowledge the intense emotion and responses. Follow and monitor the grieved family after the patient death. Think! Mr. Kim is an 84 old male who lives in an apartment that connected to his sons house. although previously he was outgoing and social, Mr. Kim recently has been limiting his outside activities after started using walker to move around. what has caused the changes to Mr. Kim social style?