%5BM2-MAIN%5D+Introduction+to+Computer.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER  Discuss the Evolution of Computer System (Timeline) Define different computer terminologies. Describe the elements of computer system. Explain why computer literacy is vital to the success in today’s world. Explain...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER  Discuss the Evolution of Computer System (Timeline) Define different computer terminologies. Describe the elements of computer system. Explain why computer literacy is vital to the success in today’s world. Explain the value of data and information. Differentiate how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing Computers are everywhere A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Produces Collects data Processing information (input) (output) Information Processing Cycle  Mobile Personal computers and Game consoles computers mobile devices Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded computers A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple Desktop computer  Mobile Mobile Computer Personal Device Computing computer you device small can carry from enough to hold place to place in your hand Examples include Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e- notebook computers, book readers, handheld laptop computers, computers, portable netbooks, ultra-thins, media players, and and Tablet PCs digital cameras  Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs E-book reader Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Process Computer Consumer Home Automation Automobiles Controllers and Devices and Electronics Devices Robotics Office Machines Mobile and Thermostats Antilock Remote Keyboards digital telephones Sprinkling brakes monitoring Printers Digital systems Engine systems Faxes televisions Security control Power Copiers Cameras modules monitors Video recorders monitoring DVD players systems Airbag Machine and recorders Appliances controller controllers Answering Lights Cruise Medical machines control devices The Abacus, beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia! Slide Rule (1630) based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s Jacquard Loom (1804) Joseph Marie Jacquard The Jacquard machine is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general- purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's Difference Engine, a design for a simpler mechanical computer. What was the biggest advancements that led to modern computers? Electricity Transistor Microchip Data storage  First Generation (1940-1956) of Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry. The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) is an electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards and switches for inputting data and punch cards for outputting and storing data. Released in 1951 and 1952 when first developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. Grace Hopper Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award” The first computer “bug” Relay switches part of computers Grace Hopper found a moth stuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction Called it “debugging” a computer Second Generation (1956-1963) of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Transistors were widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963. Transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build. Developed by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947. made up of semi- conductors. Used to control the amount of current or voltage or used for amplification/modulation or switching of an electronic signal. The third generation (1964- 1971) of computers introduced the use of IC (integrated circuits) in computers. Using IC's in computers helped reduce the size of computers even more compared to second- generation computers, as well as make them faster. The fourth generation (1972-2010) of computers took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, more commonly known as a CPU. Microprocessors, along with integrated circuits, helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop. IBM 5100 Altair 8800 The fifth generation (2010-present) of computers is beginning to use AI (artificial intelligence), an exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world. Leaps have been made in AI technology and computers, but there is still much room for improvement.  Advantages of Disadvantages of Using Computers Using Computers Speed Health Risks Reliability Violation of Privacy Consistency Public Safety Storage Impact on Labor Force Communications Impact on Environment Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers Hardware Software Data People Procedures A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware Input Device Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer Hardware component that conveys information to one or Output Device more people Case that contains the electronic components of the computer System Unit that are used to process data Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from Storage Device storage media Communications Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them System Software Operating system Utility program Application Software Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information Computer transform data into information. Data is the raw material. Information is processes data. Data is the input to be processed; information is the output. You may be surprised to learn that people are part of the computing process. Some computers, such as the computer chip that controls an automobile engine, function without human intervention. But even these computer were designed by people and occasionally require maintenance by people. Most computer require people, who are called users (or sometimes end users.) Procedures are the steps that you must follow to accomplish a specific computer-related task. Part of a user’s computer literacy is knowing common procedures. In general, data is any set of characters that is gathered and translated for some purpose. It can be any character, including text and numbers, pictures, sound, or video. Within a computer's storage, data is a collection of numbers represented as bytes that are in turn composed of bits (binary digits) that can have the value one or zero. Data is processed by the CPU. Information is a term used to describe text that is informative to the individual reading it or the computer processing it. Data Raw, unprocessed Meaningless Information Processed data Meaningful and can be used in many significant ways Home User Small Mobile User Office/Home Connect to other Personal financial management Office User computers on a network or the Web access Look up information Internet Communications Send and receive e- Transfer information mail messages Entertainment Play video games Make telephone calls Listen to music Watch movies Power User Enterprise User Work with Communicate multimedia among employees Use industry- Process high specific software volumes of transactions Blog Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing  Docter, Q., Dulaney, E., & Skandier, T. (2016). CompTIA + Complete Study Guide (3rd Edition) Meyers, M. (2016). All In One CompTIA A+ Certification. Mc Graw Hill. Pearson. (2016). Introduction to Computers and Information Technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Tavani, H. T. (2016). Ethics and Technology. Wiley. White, R. (2015). How Computer Work: The Evolution of Technology. IN: Que.