Cells Study Guide + Review Qs - Biology PDF

UNIT 2: BIOLOGY Topics 1+ 2: Study Guide Things to know: Things to be able to do: ​3 points of cell theory ​Identify controlled, manipulated, and...

UNIT 2: BIOLOGY Topics 1+ 2: Study Guide Things to know: Things to be able to do: ​3 points of cell theory ​Identify controlled, manipulated, and responding variables ​Spontaneous generation definition ​Calculate total magnification ​Louis Pasteur’s spontaneous generation experiment ​Estimating specimen size via 𝐹𝑂𝑉 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ​Francesco Redis’ meat experiment # 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐼 ​Controlled, manipulated, and ​Use A= 𝑀 responding variable definitions ​Use M1D1 = M2D2 to find FOV ​Organelle definitions/functions (x12) ​Compare prokaryotes + eukaryotes ​Organelles only in plants ​Label organelles of a plant cell ​3 types of cell research and why they are important ​Label organelles of an animal cell ​6 points of the cell as an open system ​Discuss why extra organelles are in plant cells  UNIT 2: BIOLOGY Topics 1+ 2: Practice Questions C1 - Microscopes, Cell Theory, & Cell Research 1.​ Fill in the blanks of the table for calculating magnification of compound light microscopes: Objective Lens Ocular Lens Total Magnification 4x 10x 10x 40x 10x 1,000x 450x 10x 𝐼 2.​ Based on the following information, solve for the missing variable using 𝐴 = 𝑀 (a)​A biologist uses a microscope with a magnification of M=40x. The original size of a cell is 0.01 µm What is the apparent size of the cell when viewed under the microscope? (b)​A scientist observes bacteria under a microscope and notes that the image size is 0.8 mm. The actual size of the bacteria is 2 µm. What is the microscope’s magnification? (c) A forensic scientist uses a microscope with a magnification of M=400X to analyze fibers. The apparent size of the fiber is 0.6 mm. What is the original size of the fiber in micrometers? 3.​ A microscope has a field of view (FOV) diameter of 4.5 mm at 40x magnification What is the FOV diameter at 400x magnification? 4.​ At 40x magnification, the FOV diameter is 2.0 mm a) What is the FOV diameter at 400x magnification? 1 b) A specimen takes up 4 of the field of view at 400x. Estimate the size of the specimen. 5.​ A scientist is looking at an organism through a microscope. If the field of view at 400X magnification is 1.7mm, and this is what they see, estimate the size of one cell: 6.​ A scientist is looking at an organism through a microscope. If the field of view at 150X magnification is 17.3 mm, and this is what they see, estimate the size of one cell: 7.​ What are the 3 main points of cell theory? 8.​ In Louis Pasteur’s swan neck flask experiment, what were: a)​ The controlled variable(s): b)​ The manipulated variable(s): c)​ The responding variable(s): 9.​ Define spontaneous generation. Describe 1 of the experiments used to disprove it. 10.​Give 3 examples of cell research we discussed in class. Why are they considered advancements? Are there any implications or issues to consider? 11.​Compare and contrast prokaryotes with eukaryotes 12.​Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls, while animal cells do not? What would happen if there weren’t any chloroplasts? 13.​ Label the following diagram of an animal cell: 14.​ Label the following diagram of a plant cell. Put a star beside any organelles that are unique to plants. 15.​Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration? 16.​What is the main reactant (ingredient) needed for cellular respiration? 17.​What is the main function of the ribosome, and where can ribosomes be found in a cell?  18.​Match the organelle to its function: 1.​ Nucleus a) Stores genetic material​ 2.​ Chloroplast b) Breaks down waste and cellular debris​ 3.​ Lysosome c) Conducts photosynthesis in plant cells​ 4.​ Endoplasmic Reticulum d) Synthesizes proteins and lipids 19.​A cell is unable to break down macromolecules like proteins and lipids effectively. Which organelle is likely malfunctioning, and what might be the consequences for the cell? 20.​A plant cell is struggling to maintain its structure and rigidity, causing the plant to wilt. Which organelle is likely not functioning properly, and why does this affect the plant's overall health? BONUS: tell me 1 reason studying the cell and its organelles is important for your day to day life.