Unit 3: Cells - Study Guide PDF

Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ Unit 3: Cells - Study Guide Essential Questions Important Vocabulary Supplementary Resources Questions to Answer Essential Questions 1. What does scientific evidence sugge...

Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ Unit 3: Cells - Study Guide Essential Questions Important Vocabulary Supplementary Resources Questions to Answer Essential Questions 1. What does scientific evidence suggest about the origin of life? 2. How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes compare? 3. What is the relationship between structure and function in a cell? 4. How does the structure of the cell membrane determine its function? Important Vocabulary Early Earth/Cell Evolution Cell Structure Cell Transport Approximate age of Earth cell chromosomes Semi-permeable Methane, ammonia, water vapor cell wall lysosomes Phospholipid Spontaneous generation light microscope Golgi apparatus Membrane Biogenesis nuclear envelope nucleus Passive transport Protocells ER Active transport Anton von Leeuwenhoek nucleolus Concentration gradient Miller & Urey (1950's) ribosomes Diffusion Robert Hooke mitochondria Facilitated diffusion Abiogenesis chloroplasts Osmosis Lynn Margulis (1980's) vacuoles Hypertonic prokaryotes cytoplasm Hypotonic eukaryotes cytoskeleton Isotonic Pinocytosis Flagella, cilia Lysis Exocytosis Phagocytosis Endocytosis Supplementary Resources The Amoeba Sisters - A The Grand Cell Tour The Amoeba Sisters - Cell Membranes and Cell Transport Amoeba Sister - Bacteria: The Good, the Bad, and the Kinda Gross Bozeman Science - A Tour of the Cell: http://www.bozemanscience.com/a-tour-of-the-cell Bozeman Science - 015 The Cell Membrane: http://www.bozemanscience.com/015-cell-membrane Bozeman Science - 016 Transport Across Cell Membranes: http://www.bozemanscience.com/016-transport-across-cell-membranes Bozeman Science - 017 Compartmentalization: http://www.bozemanscience.com/017-compartmentalization Bozeman Science - Endosymbiosis: https://paul-andersen.squarespace.com/endosymbiosis Crash Course Biology #4 - Eukaryopolis Crash Course Biology #6 -Plant Cells Crash Course BIology #5 - In Da Club - Membranes & Transport Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ Questions to Answer 1. Which cell parts are common to both plant and animal cells? 2. Which organelle aids in digestion of worn-out cell parts? Why are they important? 3. Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and not animal cells? 4. What is the major physical difference between vacuoles in plant cells and vacuoles in animal cells? 5. Why would a cell that moves by means of cilia or flagella require a relatively large number of mitochondria? 6. The cell membrane is “semipermeable”. Describe its importance. 7. Using the following terms,create a diagram to illustrate the organization of living creatures: organ system, cell, organs, and tissues. 8. Compare and contrast active and passive transport in regards to energy and movement of molecules. 9. How do diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis compare in regards to energy and movement of molecules? Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ 10. What is the significant function of phospholipids? 11. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes that cause them to be grouped together in Domain Bacteria? 12. How does the size of prokaryotes compare to the size of eukaryotes? 13. How are Eubacteria different from Archeabacteria? 14. In prokaryotes what is the function of the cell wall? 15. What are the three different shapes of prokaryotes? 16. How do you make a wet mount slide for viewing with a light microscope? 17. How do you calculate total magnification of a compound light microscope? Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ 18. Complete the following table about cell organelles. Found in plants, Cell Organelle Function animals or both Nucleus Cell membrane Cell Wall Mitochondria Central Vacuole Chloroplasts Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Nucleolus 10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough) Cilia and Flagella Lysosome Cytoskeleton Nuclear Envelope Chromatin Name _______________________________________ Date __________ Period ______ Use these words to complete the following: Active Equilibrium Passive Aquaporins Exocytosis Phagocytosis ATP Facilitated Diffusion Water Diffusion Mitochondria Endocytosis Osmosis 19. ____________________ When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system. 20. ____________________ Transport that DOES NOT require energy. 21. ____________________ Transport that requires energy. 22. ____________________ The cell organelle that provides the energy for active transport. 23. ____________________ The molecule that is produced by mitochondria and provides energy for transport. 24. ____________________ Movement of molecules FROM a region of HIGH concentration TO a region of LOW concentration. 25. ____________________ Movement of molecules FROM a region of HIGH concentration TO a region of LOW concentration with the HELP of carrier proteins or channels. 26. ____________________ The movement of WATER molecules from HIGH water concentration to LOW water concentration across a cell membrane. 27. ____________________ Membrane proteins that help water molecules move across membranes 28. _________________________ _____________________________________ Transport that is passive. 29. _______________________________________________________________ Transport that is active. 30. ____________________________ Moves across a membrane by osmosis 31. ____________________ The movement of WATER molecules from LOW solute concentration to HIGH solute concentration across a cell membrane.