Readings In The Philippine History PDF

Readings in the Philippine History  Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos Juan De Plasencia Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Examine the context and perspective of the book of Plasencia, and; 2. Determine the life of pre-colonial F...

Readings in the Philippine History  Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos Juan De Plasencia Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Examine the context and perspective of the book of Plasencia, and; 2. Determine the life of pre-colonial Filipinos based on Plasencia’s account Background of the Author Joan de Purto Carrero, del convento de Villanueva de la Serena Born in the 16th century to the illustrious family of the Portocarreros in Plasencia, in the Region of Extremadura, Spain Spanish friar of the Franciscan order Came with the first batch of Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines in 1577 Converted natives, taught catechisms, and organized towns and barangays in the Philippines Initiated the Reduccion Policy Background of the Author Juan De Plasencia’s Works: Coleccion de Frases Tagala Catecismo de la Doctrina Cristiana La Santina Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos Historical Background The government had difficulty in running local politics because of the limited number of Spaniards who wanted to live outside of Intramuros Historical Background Spanish officials were forced to allow Filipinos to hold the position of gobernadorcillo Gobernadorcillo – a municipal judge who carried out in a town the responsibilities of leadership, economic and judicial administration Historical Background To ensure that gobernadorcillos would remain loyal to the Spanish crown What did they do? Friars were assigned parishes to supervise and monitor activities of the former Historical Background Friars ended up performing the administrative duties that the colonial officials should have been doing. They became the most knowledgeable and influential figure in the pueblos. Historical Background Activities of the Friars: Supervising the election of the Collecting of Educating the youth local executives taxes and other civic duties Historical Background Friars who were assigned in mission territories were: Required to inform their superiors of what was happening in their respective areas Prepare reports on the number of native they converted Document people’s way of life – hardship and struggle Others who were keen observers submitted short letters and/or long dispatches They also shared their personal observations and experiences  Content of Customs of the Tagalogs POLITICAL ASPECT ECONOMIC ASPECT SOCIAL ASPECT CULTURAL ASPECT RELIGIOUS ASPECT  Customs of the Tagalogs: POLITICAL ASPECT Government and Leader Barangay is composed of 30 to 100 families led by a Datu who was known as the chieftain. Inter-balanganic is done through sanduguan. A Datu is responsible to govern, manage, implement, and defend his people from intruders. The position is inherited by his children through succession. Legitimate children have the whole right of property. Judicial Process and Laws A customary or written laws are implemented and announced through umalohokan A group of elders approved the “May the crocodile devour me, if I chief’s proposal. tell any falsehood. May the lightning strikes me if I don’t tell the truth Judicial process is done through the and may I die here and now if I tell court with datu and elders a lie.” Tagalogs practiced and believed in the trial by ordeal Getting the stone from boiling water Plunging into the river of lances Subversion into water  Customs of the Tagalogs: ECONOMIC ASPECT  Philippines is rich and abundant in natural Fishing is thriving since the country is an resources specifically in agricultural crops like archipelago rice, sugarcane, and banana. Mining is the source of gold, silver, and Lumbering and ship-building were flourishing diamonds. industries  Customs of the Tagalogs: SOCIAL ASPECT DATU/SULTAN MAHARLIKA ALIPING NAMAMAHAY ALIPING SAGUIGUILIR DATO Governed the Tagalogs Captains in their wars Chief of the barangay (boat in the Malay language) Anyone who offended the datu and his family was severely punished MAHARLICA Freeborn Do not pay tax Accompany the dato in their war When married, they cannot transfer from one village to another, or one barangay to the other, without paying a certain amount ALIPING NAMAMAHAY Serve their master Accompany the dato in war Rowed for him in his travel Often mistaken as slaves ALIPING SAGUIGUILIR In the master’s house and land Can be sold and transferred A portion of harvest is given to him Can be paid to the quality of work Marriage Customs DOWRY A man needs to win the PANGHIMUYAT Nocturnal efforts woman’s heart through dowry BIGAY-SUSO Breast-feeding and several arrangements to the family of woman. HIMARAW Feeding the girl SAMBON Relatives of the woman Only the legitimate child has the right to inherit the father’s properties Rules of the Caste MAHARLICA MAHARLICA MAHARLICA MAHARLICA SLAVES FREE MEN (mother and child) MAHARLICA ANOTHER FREE / SLAVES SLAVES FREE WOMAN SLAVE FREE Rules of the Caste MAHARLICA SLAVES Odd numbers will be on the father’s side Even numbers will be on the mother’s side Rules of Dowry Parent’s Died WIFE If the wife died ½ is given to with no children the husband If the husband ½ is given to died with no the husband’s children relatives Divorce Wife + Other Man Husband Wife left but did not marry Returned to husband Husband left He will lost half of it and other half was returned Divorce Children are born alive The whole dowry will go to them, and will be held by their grandparents or other relatives  Customs of the Tagalogs: CULTURAL ASPECT  Sacrifice and offerings to God Recovery of the sick Safe travel Abundant harvest Victorious war Summer Time = Sun Time Winter Time = Water time Married life Burial process through jars Manunggul Jar Matrium Anthropomorphic Burial Hanging Coffins  Customs of the Tagalogs: RELIGIOUS ASPECT Animism = the religion of pre-colonial Filipinos Bathala = the most powerful and maker of all things in the world Lic ha = sculpted idols by the people Star Gods = Mapolon and Balactic as weather Gods Patrons Dian Masalanta Idianale & Lacapati Patron of Love and of Patron of Cultivated Lands Generation and Husbandry The Worship of the Tagalogs They have the name SIMBAHAN, which means a temple or place of adoration. They have this worship called PANDOT celebrated in the large house of the chief created a temporary shed called sibi for the purpose of sheltering the assembled people the whole barangay who are united and joined during the worship, they are called NAGAANITOS Priests of the Evil Catalonan – the woman priest to whom the devil enters Mangangauay – can induced maladies capable to cause death Manyisalat –can make lovers abandon and despise wives Mangcocolam – can produce fire and can’t extinguish Hocloban – can heal and cause death, can destroy homes and can kill someone by raising hands Silagan – eats a liver and causes violence and death Priests of the Evil Magtatanggal – head separates and body walks Osuang – ate flesh and murdered men Mangagayoma – made charms out of herbs to infuse the heart with love Sonat – predicts the salvation of the soul Pangatahojan – predicts the future Bayoguin – man whose nature is inclined toward that of a woman – “homosexual” Ghosts and Animals Sitan – the demon Vibit – ghosts Phantoms – tikbalang Patianac – vampiric creature in a toddler form Buaya – a water-lizard that causes harms to people Tigmamanuguin – an omen bird that connects to auguries Life after Death Maca – the paradise of moral people Casanaan – the place of anguish  Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos Juan De Plasencia