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What was the primary role of Juan De Plasencia as a friar in the Philippines?
What was the primary role of Juan De Plasencia as a friar in the Philippines?
What was the purpose of the Reduccion Policy initiated by Juan De Plasencia?
What was the purpose of the Reduccion Policy initiated by Juan De Plasencia?
What challenges did the Spanish government face in managing local politics?
What challenges did the Spanish government face in managing local politics?
What position was granted to Filipinos to help in local governance?
What position was granted to Filipinos to help in local governance?
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How did the friars influence local governance in the Philippines?
How did the friars influence local governance in the Philippines?
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What is the purpose of the temporary shed called sibi during the worship PANDOT?
What is the purpose of the temporary shed called sibi during the worship PANDOT?
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Which priest is known to induce maladies capable of causing death?
Which priest is known to induce maladies capable of causing death?
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What does the priest Manyisalat specifically do?
What does the priest Manyisalat specifically do?
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Which of the following figures is considered a demon?
Which of the following figures is considered a demon?
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What is the implication of the term Maca in relation to life after death?
What is the implication of the term Maca in relation to life after death?
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What function does the priest Osuang serve?
What function does the priest Osuang serve?
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What does the creature Patianac resemble?
What does the creature Patianac resemble?
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Which priest is known for predicting the salvation of the soul?
Which priest is known for predicting the salvation of the soul?
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What is the primary role of a Datu in a barangay?
What is the primary role of a Datu in a barangay?
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Which practice was commonly used by the Tagalogs as part of their judicial process?
Which practice was commonly used by the Tagalogs as part of their judicial process?
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What constitutes the main economic activities in the Philippines according to the content?
What constitutes the main economic activities in the Philippines according to the content?
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What aspect of Tagalog customs deals specifically with governance and leadership?
What aspect of Tagalog customs deals specifically with governance and leadership?
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Which method was NOT used by the Tagalogs in their trial by ordeal?
Which method was NOT used by the Tagalogs in their trial by ordeal?
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What was the role of umalohokan in the Tagalog society?
What was the role of umalohokan in the Tagalog society?
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How were the judicial proposals of a chief communicated to the community?
How were the judicial proposals of a chief communicated to the community?
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What type of information were friars in mission territories required to document?
What type of information were friars in mission territories required to document?
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What is the role of a datu in Tagalog society?
What is the role of a datu in Tagalog society?
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Which group among the Tagalogs is considered freeborn and does not pay tax?
Which group among the Tagalogs is considered freeborn and does not pay tax?
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Which term refers to the Tagalog concept of breast-feeding in marriage customs?
Which term refers to the Tagalog concept of breast-feeding in marriage customs?
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In the caste system of the Tagalogs, who would inherit the father's properties?
In the caste system of the Tagalogs, who would inherit the father's properties?
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What happens to the dowry if a wife dies without children?
What happens to the dowry if a wife dies without children?
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Which of the following is a form of burial practiced by the Tagalogs?
Which of the following is a form of burial practiced by the Tagalogs?
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What was the primary religion of pre-colonial Filipinos, including the Tagalogs?
What was the primary religion of pre-colonial Filipinos, including the Tagalogs?
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Who is Bathala in Tagalog culture?
Who is Bathala in Tagalog culture?
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Which deity is recognized as the patron of cultivated lands and husbandry in Tagalog culture?
Which deity is recognized as the patron of cultivated lands and husbandry in Tagalog culture?
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What does the term SIMBAHAN refer to in Tagalog culture?
What does the term SIMBAHAN refer to in Tagalog culture?
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Study Notes
Author Background
- Juan de Plasencia was a prominent Spanish friar of the Franciscan order born in the 16th century in Extremadura, Spain.
- He arrived in the Philippines with the first batch of Franciscan missionaries in 1577, focusing on converting natives and organizing comunidades.
- Initiated the Reduccion Policy to consolidate indigenous populations.
- Notable works include "Coleccion de Frases Tagala," "Catecismo de la Doctrina Cristiana," and "Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos."
Historical Context
- Spanish colonial administration struggled with local governance due to a shortage of Spaniards outside Intramuros, leading to Filipino governors known as gobernadorcillos.
- Gobernadorcillos were municipal judges responsible for local leadership and administration.
- The presence of friars became dominant in local governance, performing roles that colonial officials were supposed to handle.
Role of Friars in Governance
- Friars supervised local elections, tax collection, and education.
- They documented native life and communicated observations to their superiors, contributing to the historical understanding of Filipino customs and struggles.
Customs of the Tagalogs Overview
- The customs of the Tagalogs encompass political, economic, social, cultural, and religious aspects reflecting pre-colonial life.
Political Structure
- The barangay, containing 30 to 100 families, was led by a Datu (chieftain).
- Sanduguan (blood compact) facilitated alliances among Datus.
- Inheritance followed a patrilineal line with customary laws announced by umalohokan (herald).
- Judicial processes incorporated trial by ordeal, demonstrating cultural beliefs in justice.
Economic Aspects
- The Philippines showcased abundant natural resources, rich in agricultural products like rice, sugarcane, and bananas.
- Fishing thrived due to the archipelagic geography, while mining provided gold, silver, and diamonds.
- Shipbuilding and lumber were established industries.
Social Hierarchy
- Datu/Sultan served as war leaders and village chiefs and held significant power.
- Social classes included:
- Maharlica: Freeborn individuals; do not pay tax.
- Aliping Namamahay: Serve masters and assist in warfare.
- Aliping Saguiguilir: Bound to their master's household; could be sold.
Marriage and Family Customs
- Marriages involved dowries, with various customs like panghimuyat (night surveillance) and bigay-suso (breast-feeding rites).
- Only legitimate children could inherit property, emphasizing family lineage.
Cultural Practices
- Important rituals included sacrifices for good harvests, safe travel, and victorious battles.
- Unique burial customs featured the Manunggul Jar and hanging coffins, indicative of their rich traditions.
Religious Beliefs
- Pre-colonial Filipinos practiced animism, venerating Bathala, the supreme deity.
- Idols (Lic ha) represented various deities, with Star Gods influencing weather patterns.
- Worship involved community gatherings and participatory ceremonies in temples designated as simbahans.
Spiritual and Superstitious Beliefs
- Various practitioners, such as Catalonan (female priest) and Mangangauay (causing diseases), were influential in spiritual life and ominous practices.
- Beliefs about ghosts and supernatural creatures shaped cultural narratives and community behaviors.
Afterlife Perspectives
- The Tagalogs envisioned distinct afterlife realms: Maca (paradise) for moral individuals and Casanaan (place of suffering) for the immoral.
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Description
Explore the life of Juan de Plasencia, a key Franciscan friar in 16th century Philippines. This quiz covers his contributions to local governance and the implementation of the Reduccion Policy as well as the role of friars in colonial administration. Test your knowledge on historical context and significant works.