Informatics in Nursing Practice PDF

INFORMATICS IN NURSING PRACTICE HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Systems in Health Care Information Technology System Applicable in Nursing Practice Healthcare Infor...

INFORMATICS IN NURSING PRACTICE HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Systems in Health Care Information Technology System Applicable in Nursing Practice Healthcare Information Systems refers to a set of systems for the entire healthcare services Hospital/Critical Care Applications encompassing patient care as well as services for Community Health Applications the early detection of disease, prevention of health Ambulatory Care Systems problems and promotion of wellness, at any Emergency Preparedness and Response location. Administrative Assistive Devices and Workplace Hospital Information System (HIS) is Technologies specifically designed to manage all the aspects of Telehealth a hospital’s operation, such as medical, administrative, financial, and legal issues and INFORMATION SYSTEMS corresponding processing of services An IS is a coordinated set of components and resources that collect, store, process and disseminate information. IS play a critical role in organizations by facilitating operations, support decision-making, and enabling communication and collaboration. Components of IS:  Hardware (computers, servers, networking equipment, storage device, and peripheral devices) Hospital Information System (HIS)  Software (programs and applications that - utilizes information communications technology run on hardware to perform tasks which and computerization optimally to facilitate the includes OS, database management delivery of services of the hospital. system/DBMS)  Data (raw facts and figures) HIS consists of two broad systems:  People (users and IT professionals who  Patient Care Information System interact with the system)  Managerial Information System  Processes (procedures and rules that govern the operation of the system) Patient Care Information System  Networks (communication channels that  The clinical and other functions relating to connect hardware and software the care of a patient is facilitated by a set components which includes internet, LAN of systems which can be given a generic etc.) name of Information Systems for the patient care function. Functions and Benefits of IS:  Data Management (efficiently collect,  Clinical Information System is confined store, and retrieve large volumes of data) to the system that facilitates or supports  Improved Decision-Making (provide direct patient care functions. timely and accurate information to support strategic, tactical and operational decisions)  Increased Efficiency and Productivity (automate routine task and streamline business processes)  Enhanced Communication  Cost Reduction Objectives of Patient Care Information System Clinical Information System - Facilitates direct patient care i.e. activities  Productivity where care providers i.e. mainly doctors  Effectiveness and nurses.  Appropriateness - Provides assistance and guidance for  Efficiency clinicians to perform their work besides  Quality capturing pertinent data that is generated.  Safety  Privacy and confidentiality of information Components of the Clinical Information System Functions of Patient Care Information System  Guide and enable the performance of Patient Care Processes  Facilitate communication between care providers through sharing of information  Enable automation of work processes through links within it, integration with other components of the hospital information system and interfacing with other computers, machines, printers and scanners  Provide clinical decision support at point of care  Gather, store and make available vital Clinical Support System clinical information (individual and Test results are submitted to the database from aggregated) for primary and secondary use where they are made available. Supplies like  Maintain a permanent record of events and drugs, blood products, sterile supplies and food all activities of patient care (as the are delivered to persons/units requesting them. Electronic Medical Record and other documents based on medico-legal System for Clinical Support Services requirements)  Provide clinical decision support at point of care  Gather, store and make available vital clinical information (individual and aggregated) for primary and secondary use  Maintain a permanent record of events and all activities of patient care (as the Electronic Medical Record and other documents based on medico-legal requirements) Patient Administration/Management System Healthcare Information System (PMS) Supplies identification, demographic and other static data such as payment class to the Patient Information Database.  Role of Patient Information Database  Patient Information Database enables data generated and submitted by each user to be stored and then shared with others through displays on the computer screen, or printed material (documents and labels).  Accumulated data can be analyzed using various tools to create reports for clinical and managerial use.  Shared operations database(s) where patient data is made available to other institutions for purposes of patient care  Data warehouse(s) where anonymized patient data is pooled and used for epidemiology, strategic management and research. Managerial Information System The set of sub-systems and applications that assist managers in running the hospital as a:  business entity  provider of hospitality services  physical facility HOSPITAL & CRITICAL CARE APPLICATIONS Critical Care Nursing - an area of expertise within nursing that focus specifically with human responses to life threatening problems. Critical Care Nurse - responsible to ensure that critically ill patients are seriously conditioned individuals. Rely upon a dedicated knowledge, skills and experience and of course automated system of support and intelligent system to provide care to patient and families and create environments that are healing, compassionate and caring. Critical Care Information System  Enables the electronic collection of hospital and patient-specific critical care data of the entire patient in the critical care areas which can be processed to create a patient profile.  Advantages of Critical Care Information medical information system System  Central repositions of all data such as data  Intelligently integrates and process warehouse physiologic and diagnostic information  Simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) for and store it to secured clinical repository. nurses and other healthcare provider,  Creates trends analysis with graphical patient ad consumer representation of results.  Offline stimulation can be performed to Health Statistical Surveys collect quantitative test the condition of the patients. information about items in a population to  Provide clinical decision support system establish certain information from the obtained  Provide access to vital patient information data.  Providing feedback and quick evaluation of the patient condition and provides alert. Focused on opinions or factual information depending on its purpose and many surveys COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATIONS involves administering questions to individuals. Community Health Information System - AMBULATORY CARE INFORMATION collective term for the methodical application of SYSTEM information science and technology to community and public health process. Ambulatory Care - wide range of health care services that are provided for patients who are not Emphasizes the prevention of the disease, medical admitted overnight to a hospital. intervention and public awareness. These services are performed at outpatient clinics, Goal of Community Health Informatics urgent care centers, emergency rooms, ambulatory or same-day surgery centers, diagnostic and  Effective and timely assessment that imaging centers, primary care centers, community involves monitoring and tracking the health centers, occupational health centers, mental health status of populations including health clinics, and group practices. identifying and controlling disease outbreaks and epidemics. Ambulatory Care Information System  Provides automated processing of data and  Community Health Application System information such as allergies and medical - encourages optimal application of alerts, patients accounting system such as computer system, computer programs and charging, billing, discounts and communication system for the benefit of concessions, diagnostics imaging majority of individuals, families and treatments, and etc. community.  It involves one-time registration required per visit. It also facilitates the management Primary Focus of Community Health of doctors schedule. Information System  Preventing, identifying, investigating and Advantages of Ambulatory Care Information eliminating communicable health System problems.  Real-time and easy access to patient’s  Accessibility of data and information, medical records by healthcare providers. through communication  Improved workflow, which allows more  Educating and empowering individuals to time for comprehensive patient counseling adopt health lifestyle and review.  Facilitate the retrieval of data  Reduced errors with the availability of  Effective transformation of data into various automation engines – drug information interaction engine; medical alert engine;  Effective integration of information to patient billing engine, etc. other disciplined to concretized knowledge  Automated and integrated back-end and creates better understanding. process such as pharmacy, billing,  Creation of computerized patient records, inventory management, etc.   Improved clinical outcome analysis – Videoconferencing, transmission of still images, enhanced research productivity through e-health including patient portals, remote data mining and facilitate institutional monitoringof vital signs, continuing medical handling of managed care challenges in a education and nursing call centers are all timely manner. considered part of telemedicine and telehealth.  Better monitoring and management of costs – prescription, consumables, doctor’s Types of Services fees, etc.  Specialist referral services involve a specialist assisting a general practitioner in The Role of Nurse Using Information System rendering a diagnosis. in the Ambulatory Care System  This may involve a patient remote consult or the transmission of diagnostic images The very basic objective of the automated and/or video along with patient data to a ambulatory care information system is to easily specialist for viewing later. integrate the data to the other data and easily  Direct patient care such as sharing audio, translate these data into information. video and medical data between a patient and a health professional for use in The effective transformation of data can be rendering a diagnosis, treatment plan, integrated to the other processes to transform it prescription or advice. into knowledge.  Remote patient monitoring uses devices to remotely collect and send data to a EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND monitoring station for interpretation. RESPONSE  Medical education and mentoring - provision of continuing medical education Disaster Informatics or crisis informatics - use credits for health professionals and special of information and technology in the preparation, medical education seminars for targeted mitigation, response and recovery phases of groups to interactive expert advice disasters and other emergencies. provided to another professional performing medical procedure. Disaster informatics may involve incorporating  Consumer medical and health social media content generated by people in information includes the use of the disaster zones into humanitarian response plans Internet for consumers to obtain based on satellite imagery and official emergency specialized health information and on-line services procedures. discussion groups to provide peer-to-peer support. Disaster informatics may involve crowdsourcing, participatory mapping or citizen science, with members of the public as 'everyday analysts'. DOST Project Noah TELEHEALTH Telemedicine - use of electronic communications and information technologies to provide clinical services when participants are at different locations. Telehealth - encompass a broader application of technologies to distance education, consumer outreach, and other applications wherein electronic communications and information technologies are used to support healthcare services.