Disadvantaged Populations and Women PDF

 disadvantaged groups Defined by UNESCO as individuals whose economic status, gender, ethnic and linguistic origins, …………… are lower in social and economic cohesion than ………….  Gender It is difficult to talk about the disadvantages of being a man. But for women, the situati...

 disadvantaged groups Defined by UNESCO as individuals whose economic status, gender, ethnic and linguistic origins, …………… are lower in social and economic cohesion than ………….  Gender It is difficult to talk about the disadvantages of being a man. But for women, the situation is different. In both traditional and modern societies, women's activities in the public sphere may be limited for various reasons. When the world population is examined; Women constitute more than half of the population, 49.8% of the population in Turkey, and 45.9%* of the population permanently residing in the TRNC. * projection 31 December 2018 data  life expectancy at birth 81.0 years for women and 75.6 years for men in TC. The difference in life expectancy at birth between the two sexes is 5.4 years. In the TRNC, it is 84.0 years for women and 81.3 years for men. The difference in life expectancy at birth is 2.7 years.  Healthy life span: It is defined as the number of years a person of a given age is expected to live without a health problem that would limit their activities in daily life. According to the 2016-2018 statistical results; The healthy life expectancy for a person who is zero years old was calculated as 58.3 years, 56.8 years for women and 59.9 years for men in Turkey. Accordingly, men's healthy life expectancy was 3.1 years longer than women's.  education According to tc.2018 data, the rate of those aged 25 and over and completing at least one level of education in the total population is 89.5%, while this rate is 95.5% for males and 83.6% for females. When we look at the population over the age of 25, the illiterate population is 1.6% for males and 8.5% for females. In the TRNC, 73.2% of women and 26.8% of men are illiterate. The male population graduated from higher education institutions is 18.8%, and the female population is 14.2%. Women in marriage statistics (2019) The average age of marriage for women is 25, and this age is 27.9 for men. The province with the highest age at first marriage is Tunceli with 30.8 for men and 27.6 for women. The provinces with the lowest age at first marriage are Şanlıurfa and Afyonkarahisar with 25.9 for men, and Ağrı with 21.9 for women. While it is 08% for married men between the ages of 15-19 in the TRNC, it is 7% for women, 17.5% for married men between the ages of 20-39 and 22.9% for women. female labor force participation The rate of employed people aged 15 and over is 47.4%. This rate is 65.6% for men and 28.9% for women (TUIK 2019). The rate of those employed in the TRNC is 51.3%, 61.6% for men, 39.7% in women (2019*) The higher the education level of women, the higher their participation in the workforce. Illiterate 15.9% / (primary school 17.9%**) below high school 27.7% (16.3%**) high school graduate 34.3% (34.0**) Vocational or technical high school graduate 42.6% (4.8%**) higher education graduates are 72.7% (25.6 **).  Having children under the age of 3 in their household The employment rate of individuals in the 25-49 age group was 60.5% in 2018. When this ratio is analyzed by gender; In 2018, 26.5% of women and 90.4% of men are employed. According to the results of the household labor force survey (2020) Total employment in agriculture sector 19.4% (4.1*), male 16.4%, female 25.8% Total employment in the industry sector is 16.6%(10.0*), male 21.6%, female 15.2% Total employment in the construction sector is 6.1% (7.9*), male 8.5%, female 0.9% Total employment in the service sector is 54.9% (78.1*) male 53.5%, female 58.0% (88.1*) In both countries, female employment is mostly in the service sector.. Gender discrimination in professions In the women's service sector, non-administrative positions are considered appropriate. men are involved in areas such as senior management and entrepreneurship. to “WOMAN” care services, responsibilities such as housework. According to the World Bank's Entrepreneurship Survey In Turkey, women only hold a 25.4% place in company ownership. Proportion of companies in which female managers are the majority 0.3% Only 5.4% of companies have a female senior manager only 21.9% of full-time employees are women The rate of women entrepreneurs all over the world is 17%, the rate of women entrepreneurs in Turkey is 15%. The Ratio of Women Entrepreneurs and Managers is Insufficient. does not have an equal influence with men in decision-making mechanisms in business life.  According to the results of the household labor force survey Duration of employment is defined as the number of years a person is expected to be active in the labor market during his or her lifetime. The length of stay in working life is 19.0 years for women and 39.3 years for men in 2018. According to the Earnings Structure Survey 2018 results, women received lower wages than men at all education levels. The gender pay gap is defined as the percentage of the pay gap between men and women in men's pay. This indicator is calculated using the annual average regular gross wage. the gender pay gap favors men overall and at all education levels. The gender pay gap is 7.7% in total While this difference is seen at the highest with 28.8% between men and women who have graduated from vocational high schools, the least difference is between men and women with high school graduates with 14.3%. Women in OECD countries earning on average 16% less than men, women with the highest income they earn 21% less income than men in the same position.  being insured and registered is unfair in terms of genders. Although the number of men and women working in agriculture is almost the same, 93.7% of women and 76.4% of men are employed informally. 24.7% of women employed in non-agricultural areas do not have a social security.  The most important reflections of gender-based discrimination on women's working life are seen in practices such as hiring, wages and promotions.  It requires women to be more qualified than men to find a job.  Men working in the non-public sector receive higher wages than women doing the same type of work, and women benefit less from promotion opportunities in these workplaces.  poverty  Although they fill 66% of the working hours, they own one-tenth of the world's income and only 1% of their wealth. As a result of these, poverty in the world is getting more and more women.  70% of the 1.5 billion people in absolute poverty in the world are women. Although the rate and structure of female employment differs from country to country, labor force participation, working conditions, inequality in pay, balancing work and private life, care responsibilities, vocational training and promotion issues, are among the main areas where women face discrimination.  Unemployment rate in TRNC The overall unemployment rate is 6.3%. Unemployment was calculated as 5.3% for men and 8.0% for women. Inequalities in Participation in Political Life Although women in our country were given the right to vote and be elected in local elections in 1930 and in parliamentary elections in 1934, before many other countries in the world, today the representation rate of women in the parliament is 17.24.  According to the “Women in Politics 2019” map published by the United Nations Women (UN Women) and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the number of women heads of state and government around the world has decreased compared to 2017. While the rate of women heads of state decreased from 7.2 percent to 6.6 percent in 2017, the rate of women heads of government decreased from 5.7 percent to 5.2 percent. The rate of female MPs in parliaments all over the world has increased since 2017, reaching 24.3%. The rate of women parliamentary speakers reached an all-time high of 19.7%. World Economic Forum 2020 Gender Equality Report According to the report, which was created by taking into account the participation of women in the economy, equal opportunities, benefiting from educational opportunities and political participation, Turkey ranks 130th among 153 countries. Poverty due to gender 1. It reduces the quality of life of women. 2. negatively affect their status in society. Social Status: Society and social environment It is the “social value” attributed to the individual. the Status of Women, education, participation in working life, income level and determined by property status  Low status: women  health, especially;  in education,  in working life,  participation in political life,  on social and economic rights  in all areas such as land and capital.  human rights on an equal basis with men.  hinders their use.  Inequalities in Education 1. affects access to and use of health services. Women with a low level of education benefit less from health services. because; They are not aware of the benefits of health services and what they can gain, or their freedom of decision is limited. 2. illiterate women see motherhood, that is, pregnancy, as their main duty and destiny. 3. Women with a high level of education may even oppose female genital mutilation. Violence against women physical violence against women: 39%, sexual violence: 15%, emotional violence: 40% as economic violence; It was found that being prevented from working is 37%, not being able to spend at home 8%, and taking away one's income is 4%. Again, murders committed in the name of so-called honor are unfortunately a reality of Turkey and it is the most extreme practice of discrimination and controlling women, and women's right to life is taken away from them. According to the report "Female Murders in the World and Turkey 2016-2017-2018 Data and Analysis" prepared by the Police Academy Presidency 46 percent of the perpetrators and victims are primary school graduates. More than half of the murders of women took place with firearms. 83% of these guns are unlicensed. This figure was followed by cutting and piercing tools with 31.9%. 72.8% of femicides were committed in residences and derelict buildings, and 15% were committed in the middle of the street. One out of every four women who are victims of murder is between the ages of 26 and 35. According to the results of the cause of death statistics (2018) Circulatory system diseases were in the first place with 38.4%, benign and malignant tumors were in the second place with 19.7%, and respiratory system diseases were in the third place with 12.5%. When the cause of death statistics by gender is examined; There was no difference between men and women in the ranking, but it was seen that women who lost their lives due to circulatory system diseases were more than men. according to this; While the rate of women is 42.2%, the rate of men is 35.3%. According to the statistics published by the United Nations Women in 2019: The global labor force participation rate is 63% for women and 94% for men. 6.6% of Fortune 500 companies have female CEOs. Worldwide, 41% of women receive maternity benefits. Women are three times more likely to participate in housework (unpaid) than men. The rate of female parliamentarians in the world was 24.9 in 2020. 84% of parents who live alone with their children worldwide are women. The rate of female film producers in the world is 21%. According to the statistics published by the United Nations Women in 2019: Only 26% of AI and data analytics professionals worldwide are women. In 39 countries of the world, boys and girls do not receive an equal share of inheritance. 30% of women in the world state that they have been subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by their partners. Top 5 countries with the highest level of social equality; Iceland, Norway, Finland, Switzerland and Nicaragua. The top 5 countries with the lowest level of social equality; Yemen, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria and Chad. Assuming that today's conditions continue around the world, we will be able to reach social equality in 99.5 years. female gender It is disadvantaged because it is a group that is more deprived of education, allowed to participate less in the workforce, exposed to violence, raped, and cannot take part in politics.  Female housewife sitting at home not working SHE DOES NOTHING "SHE" JUST SITS AT HOME.  my mom and other moms in the neighborhood Hindistan/Kerala Anujath Sindhu Vinayal  75. YUNUS NADİ ÖDÜLLERİ 2020 KARİKATÜR DALINDA ÖDÜL ÖNDER ÖNERBAY