21st Century Literature - Second Quarter Reviewer PDF

SECOND QUARTER REVIEWER Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE describes. Oxymoron is a combination of two contradictory Week 1...

SECOND QUARTER REVIEWER Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE describes. Oxymoron is a combination of two contradictory Week 1 words or phrases. Lesson 1: LITERATURE, THEMES, AND LITERARY 3. Foreshadowing - a technique that hints at TECHNIQUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY what will happen later in the story, creating anticipation and curiosity in the reader. THEMES IN 21ST CENTURY 4. Flashback - an instance that takes place before the story begins, interrupting the 1. Identity (Understanding who we are) - chronological order of the plot to provide With increasing globalization, intersections context or information that is integral to the of cultures, and more vocal discussions of text. Flashbacks occur in the form of dreams women’s rights and LGBT rights, identity has and memories, providing additional context become a common theme in 21st century to a story and/or character, and can add literature. depth to characters, provide background 2. History and Memory (Reflecting on the information, and shed light on deeper past) - As contemporary readers can look meanings and levels of storytelling. back on history and see how history has been depicted differently for different audiences, Week 2 history and memory have become themes in Lesson 2: ASIAN & ANGLO-AMERICAN 21st century literature. LITERATURE 3. Technology (Examining its effects on our lives) - Today, technology is more integrated into people’s lives than ever before. Dreams ASIAN LITERATURE of what technology could potentially help - Primarily, it is the literature of Asian countries, people become and anxieties regarding the written by Asian authors. demise of humanity as a result of technology can be seen in 21st century literature. CHARACTERISTICS OF ASIAN LITERATURE 4. Intertextuality (How different texts relate Folklore: myths, legends, and folktales often form to each other) - many writers purposely the foundation for many Asian literary works include acknowledgments, references, or Philosophy: The influence of key philosophical parallels to other works of fiction, identifying concepts and teachings often plays a central role in their place in a larger, broader conversation, shaping characters, narratives, and context and body of work. Poetry: Poetry is a prominent genre in Asian Literature LITERARY TECHNIQUES IN 21ST CENTURY Religion and spirituality: Many literary works from Asia incorporate themes or motifs related to religion 1. Symbolism - uses objects, characters, or and spirituality events to represent abstract ideas, themes, History: Asian Literature presents readers with or emotions, creating layers of meaning and examinations of historical events and eras resonance in the story. Ex. Color White or Dove = PEACE COMMON THEMES IN ASIAN LITERATURE Dark or Skull = DEATH Family and community: Interpersonal relationships, 2. Figurative language - is a technique that particularly family dynamics applies literary language, giving a creative Moral dilemmas and human nature: Explorations of way of putting a literary piece into words. morality and the complexities of human nature Hence, some phrases or words do not take Identity: Themes of identity, belonging, and self- its meaning literally. The following are discovery examples of figurative language: Love and loss: Romance, heartbreak, and the Simile is a comparison between two unlike things various emotions tied to love and loss using "like" or "as". War and conflict: Tales of war, rebellion, and Metaphor is a comparison between two unlike political turmoil things without using "like" or "as" Personification is giving human-like qualities to INFLUENTIAL ASIAN LITERATURE AUTHORS non-human entities, such as objects or animals. Rabindranath Tagore Hyperbole is an exaggeration used for emphasis. Murasaki Shikibu  Lu Xun CHARACTERISTICS OF EUROPEAN Jose Rizal LITERATURE - European literature shares a common heritage. ANGLO - AMERICAN LITERATURE Nearly all forms of European literature can be traced Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to the Angles, back to the writings of the classical Greek and England, the English people, or the English Roman periods. language, such as in the term Anglo-Saxon -The literary forms still present in Europe to this day, language. such as poetry, fictional prose, drama, history, biography, etc., were established by Greek and CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN Roman writers and then dispersed throughout the LITERATURE continent by the Roman Empire and Christianity. Early on, American literature was characterized by its self-conscious effort to break away from literary NOTABLE WRITERS: forms established in Great Britain and other Voltaire European countries. Jane Austen American authors, such as John Neal (1793-1876), Victor Hugo were inspired to create their own literary style Leo Tolstoy emphasizing the realities of American life, including Homer the use of colloquial language and unmistakably Dante Alighieri American settings. A sense of individualism and celebration of the LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE individual experience is one of the central features -Latin America's population has a high proportion of of American literature. mixed-race people due to its colonial history and American literature can also be characterized by its encounters between Europeans, indigenous people, many forms of regional literature. These include and Africans. Native American literature, African American -The region has a population of over 600 million literature, Chicano literature, and the literature of people. various diasporas. -The population is a mixture of different ethnicities. The majority identify themselves as mestizos, a THE NOTABLE WRITERS mixture of European, indigenous, and African Geoffrey Chaucer: Father of English Literature ancestors. Edgar Allan Poe: Father of Short stories -Catholicism is the main religion in Latin America. William Shakespeare: greatest dramatist of all -Religion is an important part of life, and individuals time. often pray and light candles to specific religious Jonathan Swift: greatest prose satirist in the figures in order to obtain specific favors. history of English literature -Latino families are usually large, and it's very William Faulkner: one of the greatest American common for family groups to include uncles, aunts, authors cousins and grandparents. Week 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LATIN AMERICAN Lesson 3: EUROPEAN, LATIN AMERICA AND LITERATURE AFRICAN LITERATURE -One important characteristic of Latin American literature is the mixing of reality and fantasy. EUROPEAN LITERATURE - refers to the literature Gabriel García Márquez became famous for of Europe. It is also known as Western Literature. popularizing the genre of magical realism. -European literature includes literature in many Magical realism is a literary genre that includes languages. fantastic elements in an otherwise realistic text. - In Europe, there are about 50 different languages -Another important characteristic of Latin American and more than 100 dialect, most of which belong to literature is experimentation with form and the Indo-European language family. structure. Europe - second smallest of the world’s continents MAJOR THEMES IN LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE Civilization vs. Barbarism Politics and Resistance The Construction of Identity The Construction of Reality NOTABLE WRITERS GRAPHIC NOVEL Pablo Neruda or graphic fiction is a comic book narrative Miguel Angel Asturias that is equivalent in form and dimension to Julio Cortázar the prose novel (Campbell 200, 81). The pictures are arranged in sequence in image AFRICAN LITERATURE panels and dialogues are written in speech The second-largest continent after Asia is bubbles. The illustrations allow the readers to Africa. imagine and experience the characters and It is the second most populous – about 13% events in the story. of the world’s population forms a complex cultural mosaic of races, languages, Here are some of the features of graphic fiction or religions, and forms of government. graphic novel according to Singh (2012). Africa has the highest linguistic diversity in 1. Autographic forms are the marks of the author’s the world, and accounts for over 2,000 handwriting which creates an impact that the whole distinct languages. The most commonly novel is a manuscript and thus provides a sense of spoken languages used were Arabic, Berber intimacy. and Hausa. 2. Graphic novels encourage interactivity in the minds of the reader as he fills in the blanks between CHARACTERISTICS OF AFRICAN LITERATURE image panels. Language - African literature not only comes in the 3. Filling in the blanks between image panels makes written form but also as oral literature. the reader imagine the actions portrayed in the story. Historical influences - Another characteristic of 4. The language, syntax and meaning of a graphic African literature is the writers’ focus on themes of novel spring primarily through the relationship freedom and independence, questions of identity between images than words. and liberation. 5. Graphic fiction combines book and screen. NOTABLE WRITERS SPECULATIVE FICTION Chinua Achebe is composed of the genres like science Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie fiction, fantasy, and horror. These tales bring us out of our ordinary lives and make us feel Alain Mabanckou as if we are living in a different reality. And Ngugi wa Thiong’o yet, in the end, when we read speculative fiction, these stories tell us something about the realities that we live on, and they are Week 4 often filled with social commentary. They Lesson 4: 21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES IN make us think about where we are now and WORLD LITERATURE what we will become in the future. FLASH FICTION What makes a story Speculative fiction? is a fictional work of extreme brevity that still 1. The key element that separates Speculative offers character and plot development. It is fiction from other genres is the element of “the an imaginative literature of extreme brevity. It impossible.” Anything is possible in a Speculative could range from a word to a thousand fiction story, no matter how improbable it may seem. (Gacusan 2018). It is also known as micro This could be a world with different laws of physics stories, postcard fiction, nanotales and short or a society that functions in a completely different shorts. way than our own. 2. The impossible can take many forms, but some According to Sustana (2020), most of the flash common examples include time travel, parallel fictions have these common characteristics. universes, aliens, and magical powers. 1. Brevity. Flash fiction presents the story with 3. These stories can be set in our world or fewest words as possible. completely different worlds altogether. The important 2. Complete plot. Flash fiction emphasizes the thing is that the story explores the possibilities of development of plot. It has a beginning, middle and what could be. ending of the story. 3. Surprising ending. The successful hallmark of a flash fiction is its twist at the end of the story. What are some common themes in Speculative Screenwriter – films fiction? 1. One of the most common themes in Speculative LEVELS OF ADAPTATION fiction is exploring what it means to be human. This LITERAL ADAPTATION – adaptation is the exact can be done in several ways, but it often includes copy of the original stories that deal with morality, ethics, and what it FAITHFUL ADAPTATION – adaptation follows the means to be alive. story of the original but with slightly altered elements. 2. Other common themes include the exploration of LOOSE ADAPTATION – it lacks similarity to its other worlds, the future of our world, and the impact source material because it only keeps few of the of technology on society. elements of the original 3. Speculative fiction is a genre that allows writers to ARTFUL ADAPTATION - concerned with f inding explore many possibilities. The sky is the limit in this the balance between being faithful to its source genre, so it continues to be one of the most popular material and creating a film that can stand on as a genres among readers and writers alike. work of art; interprets story in ways that are meaningful for the audience by adding creativity and Week 5 art. Lesson 5: CREATIVE REPRESENTATION OF LITERARY TEXTS VIDEO PRESENTATION FEATURE FILM Steps in Analyzing and Interpreting Literary These are some valuable pieces of advice for you to Texts create your performance task. 1. Find a story to adapt 1. Close Reading 2. Please don’t get too attached to the story but -language and style respect it -theme 3. Think for screen 2. Contextual Analysis 4. Focus on character -historical context 5. Show off your style -author’s background 3. Character Analysis Tips for video presentation -development -relationships There are three critical aspects to giving an 4. Narrative structure excellent video presentation: -plot structure 1. The Technicalities -point of view 2. What you say 5. Thematic analysis 3. How you say it -major themes -moral and ethical questions 1. The Technicalities 6. Symbolism and Imagery a. An audio – good microphone -symbols b. Eliminate ambient noise – close window and make -imagery sure there are no disturbing noise 7. Critical Perspectives c. Don’t over worry about the camera – just find a -literary theories camera that isn’t too old 8. Comparative analysis d. Lighting – please be aware of the mood and scene -intertextuality you want to show -emotional reaction e. Background – not just a white wall -personal insights f. Framing – don’t put yourself always at the center g. Camera height – be careful of the angle Week 6 2. What you say Lesson 6: CREATIVE ADAPTATION OF LITERARY a. Preparation – don’t speak until you know exactly TEXTS what it is you want to say b. Keep it short – make your lines simple TYPES OF WRITERS c. Have a point – have a moment to what you are Playwright – stage play going to say Writer – stories/novels d. Use a strong structure – the content of your Librettist – musical play speech e. Simple words – the presentation is not just for tongue twisters 3. How you say it a. What you wear – appropriate for the scene or event b. Consider a teleprompter – if you can’t memorize everything c. Be yourself – be true and show your uniqueness d. Talk to the camera like it’s your first date – best behavior and make every effort e. Good posture – project yourself f. Use your hands but not too much – show gestures, facial expressions and body language g. Practice. Practice. Practice LITERARY WORKS AND ITS AUTHORS Literature In The 21st Century by Mithum Selvaratnam And Ivo Oliveira I Live On A Road by Arundhathi Subramaniam (Asian Literature) We Ate The Children Last by Yann Martel (Anglo-American Literature) Coraline by Neil Gaiman (European Literature) To Those Who Have Lost Everything by Francisco X. Alarcón (Latin American Literature) A Wall by Omotara James (African Literature) Happicupa by Margaret Atwood Exhalation by Ted Chiang The Shadow Of The Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafón