Luzon: Urban Writing PDF

21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao LUZON: URBAN WRITING ▪ It is a tanaga or a four-line poem (quatrain) LUZON ▪ Consists of...

21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao LUZON: URBAN WRITING ▪ It is a tanaga or a four-line poem (quatrain) LUZON ▪ Consists of four lines with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of → Luzon is the most populous island group in the each line (a 7-7-7-7 syllabic verse with an Philippines. According to the 2010 NSO statistics AABB rhyme scheme) with a tally of 48.8%, almost half of the ethnic ▪ The modern tanaga still uses the 7-7-7-7 groups of the Philippines are found in Luzon. syllable count, but rhyme ranges from These ethnic groups use these major regional the dual rhyme forms (AABB, ABAB, languages: Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan, ABBA) to freestyle (AAAB, BAAA, ABCD) Bicolano, and Pangasinense. Moreover, the ▪ Traditional tanaga doesn’t have a title, English language is widely used in Luzon, but for modern tanaga, you can opt to Visayas, and Mindanao. give a title → Additionally, to address the needs for Father of Frank G. Matsuo education of Luzon’s large population, the most the Poem Rivera Basho number of schools and universities can be THEME Realism Kigo found in this island group, making it the seat of STANZA 1 Stanza 1 Stanza literacy (center of education) in the Philippines. LINE 4 Lines 3 Lines → As a result of the efforts from the private and SYLLABLE 7, 7, 7, 7 5, 7, 5 public sectors in Luzon, 94% of its population has functional literacy that must be refined to use new technologies like the Internet. RHYME SCHEME → This is the ordered pattern of rhymes at the THE INTERNET ends of the lines of a poem or verse. ▪ One of the biggest technological 1) SHAKESPEAREAN – ABAB CDCD EFEF GG advancements of the 20th century that 2) SPENSSEREAN – ABAB BCBC CDCD EE solidified the dawning of the Information 3) PETRARCHAN – ABBA ABBA CDEF GG Age ▪ People become netizens of the globe because it connects them worldwide VOCABULARY 1) LUZON – this is the seat of literacy in the GENRES OF URBAN WRITING country 2) URBAN – this means a place is inhabited A) WEBLOG with greater size, population, and → These are feature articles written in a importance, and is more modernized conversational style with accompanying 3) INTERNET – this global system connects photos or videos. It serves as an online diary. the people in the archipelago in many ways B) WEB FICTION 4) ILOKANO LITERATURE – this is one of the → These are imaginative stories uploaded on most active tributaries of the general the web, either a long narrative or a story Philippine literature supported with visuals. 5) RITUALISTIC – the oral lore of Cordillera TWO KINDS: Web Novels, Webtoons focuses on chants and songs that they consider ritualistic C) TEXTULA 6) MANILA CENTRISM – this idea points out → The term “textula” is a blend of the English that the center of development and life word “text” and the Filipino word “tula,” in the Philippines is its capital meaning text poem. It is a poem written in the 7) WEBLOG – this contains a log or diary of form of a text message. information, specific topics, or opinions that can be found on the web  21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao 8) LAUREN DADO – this person uploaded B) CHARACTERS the first-ever blog in the world ▪ Catherina (narrator) 9) TEXTULA – this poetry is composed ▪ Lolo Exequiel – Catherina’s grandfather through phone or technological ▪ Lola Narcisa – Lolo’s wife channels ▪ Remedios – Lolo’s mistress 10) TANAGA – this Filipino poetry is the main type of Textula C) SETTINGS 11) STANZA – this is a group of lines forming ▪ April 19, 2008 – Lolo’s death the basic recurring metrical units in ▪ Home in Bataan – a moment from sixty poems years ago, Lolo’s birthplace 12) QUATRAIN – this is a verse form that is ▪ Apartment in Makati – where he was made up of four lines with fifteen transferred after being in Medical City for different possible rhymes months 13) SYLLABLE – this is a single unit of speech sound as written or spoken D) SYMBOLISMS 14) REALISM – this is the focus content of ▪ Cocktail dress Textula ▪ Pale cadaver 15) FRANK RIVERA – he is known as the ▪ Candles and prayers “Makata ng Cellphone” ▪ Baby’s Breath 16) RHYME SCHEME – this is the pattern of ▪ THEME: Forgiveness corresponding sounds between words or the ending of words 17) HAIKU – traditional Japanese verse form VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL with a syllabic pattern of 5-7-5 COLORS 18) KIGO – a feature of Haiku that specifies the time/season of the year WHAT IS AN EPIC? 19) MATSUO BASHO – he is considered the Father of Haiku ▪ Long poem ▪ About heroism ▪ Deeds and adventures of heroic figures CATHERINA GARCIA DARIO ▪ Native of Manila VISAYAS ▪ Known for her contributions to literature ▪ “cradle of the country”, where ▪ Reader’s Digest Asia and PLURAL civilization started ▪ Received fellowships from prestigious ▪ Hybrid Modes of/in Local Colors – programs influenced by experimentation ▪ 19th Ateneo HEIGHTS Writers Workshop ▪ 10th Virgin Labfest Fellowship Program A) HINILAWOD at the Cultural Center of the → It is known as one of the longest epics in the Philippines world and the only epic recorded in Visayas. ▪ Longest known epic “FLOWERS IN THE CRYPT” ▪ 53,000 lines by Catherina Garcia Dario ▪ 30 hours to recite A) VOCABULARY WORDS ▪ Central Panay 1) PALLID – pale; lacking color or liveliness ▪ Labaw Donggon (panganay na anak) 2) RELENTLESS – unyielding; not giving up ▪ Love and sacrifice 3) CADAVER – a dead body, especially one ▪ Sulod-Bukidnon used for study/dissection 4) CRYPT – chamber or vault, often B) FR. LANDA JOCANO beneath a church, used for burial ▪ He is an anthropologist who recorded 5) EULOGY – speech/tribute in praise of Hinilawod in the 1950s someone, especially at a funeral ▪ Hinirugyaw (rejoice) Suguindanonay  21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao C) BENJAMIN ▪ “Ang Pulahan” by Nicolas Rafols – a ▪ By Angel M. Magahum novel that attempted to present a semi- ▪ First Visayan novel fictionalized chronicle of the actual ▪ The Spanish writing characteristics events in Cebu combined in this novel are Era Exemplum (novel of manners) and modern 5) DIDACTIC MELODRAMA chronicle (short historical account) ▪ Contains intense emotion and exaggerated events to teach moral D) ROMANTICISM AND REALISM lessons ▪ These are the two literary modes of ▪ We encounter didactic melodramas in writing which became the focus of films and TV series (teleseryes) Visayan literature ▪ These have predictable/formulaic plots ▪ Romance – it is an older mode of writing and conventional characters that celebrates and idealizes life and is ▪ Most common/popular Filipino usually rendered in poetry. The devices character types are: star-crossed lovers of Romance mode are idealized (‘yung isa mayaman, ‘yung isa mahirap), characters, surprises and coincidences, lost twin, switched babies, aristocratic and sudden changes in fortune villain, and corrupt mayor ▪ Realism – it is a mode of writing that ▪ Didactic melodramas usually have moral develops psychologically complex lessons, show the struggles of the characters moving together in a common people, and have family multifaceted social environment members as the main characters “THE BARTER” FIVE POPULAR VISAYAN MODES a Visayan story 1) VERNACULAR WRITING A) VOCABULARY WORDS ▪ The use of the mother tongue to appeal 1) BABAYLAN – Visayan term for albularyo, to the readers shaman, manggagamot, etc. ▪ Visayans began to write in their native 2) COWERED – past tense of “coward”, language again showing fear ▪ Iloilo, Cebu, Negros 3) BARTER – the process of trading ▪ Magdalena G. Jalandoni – Grand Dame 4) FEIGN – “false impression” of Hiligaynon literature 5) PALTERA – Visayan term for “midwife” ▪ Arose during the Spanish occupation 6) ARDENT – very passionate, determined ▪ Romance Novels – the result when 7) FERVENT – scorching hot vernacular writers experimented with a 8) BLISSFUL – full of happiness new genre of prosaic realist novel 9) CONCEDE – acceptance, admitting that something is true after first denying it 2) PROVINCIAL JOURNALISM 10) SLUMBER – “to sleep” ▪ Brought the golden age of vernacular writing, as it was used to introduce B) CHARACTERS vernacular language ▪ Belinda – wife of Miguel, ardent, family- ▪ The rise of this literature brought the oriented, self-sacrificing golden age of vernacular literature in ▪ Miguel – rich man (haciendero) the first decades of the 20th century ▪ Inday Sion – babaylan, pious, altruistic 3) SERIALIZED NOVELS C) SETTING ▪ Continued stories published in sequential ▪ Province of Visayas (in a hacienda) installments D) SYMBOLISMS 4) CHRONICLES ▪ Painting – love, friendship, guilt ▪ Historical accounts of events arranged ▪ Potion – love, willingness to sacrifice chronologically ▪ THEME: Life is about “give and take” ▪ It is a historical account of events arranged in order of time  21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao MINDANAO: LITERATURE OF B) CHARACTERS ▪ Jafaar (narrator) – his relationship with his CONFLICTS aunt was the first event he narrated ▪ Dayang-dayang MINDANAO ▪ Mura-muraan – datu of Bonbon ▪ “Land of Unfulfilled Promise” ▪ Ethnic – 33 ethnolinguistic groups C) SUMMARIZATION ▪ Muslim – 23.39% of the island’s 1) INSTRUCTIONS FROM HIS AUNT ABOUT population MEETING THE DATU ▪ Blue Blood – “aristocrat,” originates in ▪ Kiss the datu’s feet medieval Spain ▪ Withdraw without turning your back ▪ Do not look at him in the eyes ▪ Do not talk too much; use third-person IBRAHAM A. JUBAIRA ▪ Born in 1920 in Sulu 2) DAYANG-DAYANG’S REACTION DURING ▪ Belongs to a wealthy Muslim family THEIR FIRST MEETING ▪ A Filipino writer in English ▪ She laughed ▪ A perennial chronicler of his people ▪ She asked about the harelip “BLUE BLOOD OF THE ASTANA” 3) WHAT JAFAAR DID TO SHOW HIS RESPECT TO by Ibraham A. Jubaira DAYANG-DAYANG A) VOCABULARY WORDS ▪ He kissed her hand 1) LANGUID – lacking force or quickness of movement (slow, listless, weak) 4) THINGS JAFAAR HAS DONE FOR DAYANG- 2) COAX – “to influence” or gently urge by DAYANG flattering (sweet talk) ▪ He always made her laugh 3) HARELIP – an undeveloped lip / cleft lip ▪ He climbed coconut trees for her (bingot) ▪ He rubbed her back and rinsed her hair 4) IMPISH – inclined to do naughty things for during bath time fun (prankish, mischievous, devilish, ▪ He trimmed her fingernails tricky) 5) IMPERIOUS – someone who’s 5) JAFAAR’S SERVITUDE DURING DAYANG- characterized as commanding or DAYANG’S STUDY dominant (commanding, authoritative) ▪ He carried her Koran on the top of his 6) VORACIOUS – having a huge appetite or head eagerness (ravenous, insatiable, greedy) ▪ He carried water during her classes 7) TEMERITY – unreasonable or foolhardy ▪ He received the tortures that were contempt (recklessness, rashness) supposed to be hers 8) BABO – this vernacular in Mindanao means “aunt” 6) WHY IS JAFAAR HAPPY FOR NOT CATCHING 9) PATEYK – this vernacular means “yes” DAYANG-DAYANG’S GROWTH? 10) TEYK – this means “what” ▪ He’s afraid he cannot serve her anymore 11) APPAH – “father” 12) AMBOH – “mother” 7) WHAT IT MEANT WHEN HE SAID, “WE WERE 13) PANDITA – “priest” SUCH CONTRASTING PATTERNS” 14) ASTANA – “royal house,” considered as ▪ Their social status differs from each other the house of datu (tribal leader) 15) EPANG-EPANG – “servant-escort” 8) WHY IS MURA-MURAAN FITTED TO BE 16) KORAN – considered as the holy book of DAYANG-DAYANG’S HUSBAND? Islam ▪ He is a blue blood ▪ He has power as he is a ruler and a wealthy man ▪ He is handsome  21st Century Literature Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao 9) PREPARATION BEFORE AND DURING THE WEDDING ▪ BEFORE: Building of two additional wings in the Astana ▪ DURING: Slaughtering of animals, rekindling of torches, rice pounding, tribal dancing, and musical gaiety 10) JAFAAR DURING AND AFTER THE WEDDING ▪ He watched with a broken heart ▪ He became a cattle merchant after leaving the Astana 11) HOW THEIR WEDDING WENT ▪ Sat on piled pillows ▪ Surrounded by candles ▪ Chant on the background ▪ The Pandita led the Datu to touch thrice the space between Dayang-dayang’s eyebrows 12) WHAT MURA-MURAAN DID WHICH HAS CHANGED DAYANG-DAYANG’S FATE ▪ He fought the American government because he wished to establish his own government as he refused to pay his tax 13) HOW JAFAAR AND DAYANG-DAYANG MET AGAIN ▪ On a business trip to Bonbon, Jafaar unexpectedly saw Dayang-dayang ▪ They were pleased and surprised ▪ The other one felt embarrassment, while the other felt pity 14) WHY JAFAAR LEFT DAYANG-DAYANG ▪ He cannot stand seeing her in that poor situation ▪ He is not a blue-blood ♦ “Not even the fingers of Allah perhaps weave us, even now, into equality.” → This line suggests that their fate has been set since the time they were born