Philippine Literature History PDF

Quick Review This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja Ang Barlaan at Josaphat It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and q...

Quick Review This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja Ang Barlaan at Josaphat It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion Nuestra Señora del Rosario Period of Enlightenment (1972- 1898) In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the hitch of colonization. The 300 years with Spaniards marked the longest colonial period in the Philippine history. Due to the need to see new hope in the midst of multitude, the Filipino spirit reawakened when the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined without sufficient evidence of guilt. The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.  Some of Rizal’s writings: 1. NOLI ME TANGERE- This was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain. 2. EL FILIBUSTERISMO- This is a sequel which exposed those in the government and in the church 3. MI ULTIMO ADIOS - This was a poem by Rizal while he was incarcerated at Fort Santiago. 4. SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS (On the Indolence of the Filipinos) - An essay on the so-called Filipino indolence and an evaluation of the reasons for such allegations. 5. FILIPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN AÑOS An essay predicting the increasing influence of the US in the Philippines and the decreasing interest of Europe Some of Del Pilar’s writings 1. PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (Love of Country). Translated from the Spanish AMOR PATRIA of Rizal, published on August 20, 1882, in Diariong Tagalog. 2. KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful). A humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr. Jose Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1883. 3. DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes). Similar to a cathecism but sarcastically done against the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888..  Some of Jaena’s writings 1. ANG FRAY BOTOD (Friar Botod) - One of his works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six years after the Cavite Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines. He exposed how some of the friars were greedy, ambitious and immoral. 2. LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and EVERYTING IS HAMBUG (Everything is mere show) - Here Jaena explains the tragedy of marrying a Spaniard. 3. SA MGA PILIPINO...1891) A speech which aimed to improve the condition of the Filipinos to become free and progressive 4. TALUMPATING PAGUNITA KAY KOLUMBUS (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus) A speech he delivered in Madrid on the 39th anniversary of the discovery of America. The American Regime (1898-1944) After having been colonized by the Spaniards, a new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. English as medium of instruction was introduced in the schools as intellectual language of education The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following newspapers EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day) Established by Sergio Osmeña in 1900. The American censors twice banned this and threatened Osmeña with banishment because of his nationalistic writings. GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation) Established by Pascual Poblete in 1900. EL RENACIMIENTO (The Rebirth) Founded by Rafael Palma in 1901 Plays written during the American period KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) Written by Aurelio Tolentino depicting the suppression done by the Americans and their plan to colonize the Philippines TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad. MALAYA by Tomas Remigio. WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes. Characteristics of Literature during this period During the first year of the American period, the languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions, but Spanish and Tagalog predominated. The writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue. The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans. The Japanese Period (1941-1945) Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when the Philippines was again conquered by another foreign country, Japan. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese. FILIPINO POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.  Three types of poems emerged during this period. Haiku – a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third, five. The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short but it had measure and rhyme. Each line had 7 syllables and it’s also allegorical in meaning. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form) THE FILIPINO SHORT STORY DURING THE JAPANESE PERIOD The field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories, among them were: Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945) Because of the strict prohibitions imposed of the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. POETRY IN ENGLISH DURING THIS PERIOD For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in English. THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE DURING THIS PERIOD Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits. Philippine Literature in Japanese Period Rejecting the English language espoused by Americans, the Japanese colonizers sought to redefine Philippine Literature by strengthening the vernacular languages. Vernacular literature is literature written in the vernacular—the speech of the "common people". In the European tradition, this effectively means literature not written in Latin nor Koine Greek. In the post-war period, there were vernacular novels that reflected social and political realities. Literature in Tagalog brought their own touch of modernism. American influence could be gleaned from the writers’ works that reflected realism. Vernacular poetry continued to blossom. The strains of modernism were evident to some ‘writers but produced excellent works.