AP Psychology Unit 3 Past Paper PDF

AP© Psychology Unit 3 - Development and Learning - 15-25% Directions: Read all of the information for each of the following topics from the CED. For each topic write down any of the concepts, vocabulary, or models that you are not sure of. This will help identify which concepts you need to review mo...

AP© Psychology Unit 3 - Development and Learning - 15-25% Directions: Read all of the information for each of the following topics from the CED. For each topic write down any of the concepts, vocabulary, or models that you are not sure of. This will help identify which concepts you need to review more for each unit topic. Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how enduring Concerns about development Thematic issues themes inform and/or thematic issues in Stability and change developmental development across the lifespan Nature and nurture psychology Continuous and discontinuous stages Uses of developmental research Cross-sectional design methods to inform longitudinal understanding about behavior and mental processes Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how physical Influences on major physical Teratogens development before and psychological milestones Maternal illness birth applies to that occur during prenatal Genetic mutations behavior and mental development Environmental factors processes Explain how physical Timing of physical development Maturation development in infancy in infancy and childhood to allow and childhood apply to for the development of critical behavior and mental skills for independence processes Reflexes possessed by infants Rooting reflex indicate the progress of physical and psychological milestone development Research into depth perception Visual cliff and infant responses Research suggesting the Critical period existence of the developmental Sensitive period effects of critical or sensitive Imprinting periods of infancy Explain how physical Main physical and psychological Adolescent growth spurt development in milestones that occur in Puberty adolescence applies to adolescence Primary sex behavior and mental characteristics processes Secondary sex characteristics Menarche Spermarche Explain how physical Adulthood is characterized by Menopause development in general leveling off and decline Sensory acuity adulthood applies to in physical development behavior and mental processes Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Describe how sex and gender influence socialization and other aspects of development Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how theories Continuous and Schemas of cognitive discontinuous cognitive Assimilation development apply to processes of children Accommodation behavior and mental according to Piaget Sensorimotor stage processes Object permanence Preoperational stage Pretend play Conservation Reversibility Animism Egocentrism Theory of mind Concrete operational stage Logical thought Realistic thought Formal operational stage Abstract thought Hypothetical thought  Explain how theories Social learning of children Scaffolding of cognitive according to Lev Vygotsky Zone of proximal development apply to development behavior and mental processes Changes in cognitive capabilities Crystalized intelligence in adulthood Fluid intelligence Dementia Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how key System and components of Shared components of language Arbitrary symbols language and Phonemes communication apply Morphemes to behavior and mental processes Semantics Rule-governed Grammar Syntax Generativity Explain how language The universal sequence of Nonverbal manual develops in humans language development gestures Formal language stages Cooing Babbling One-word stage Telegraphic speech Overgeneralization Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how social Influence of the social Ecological systems theory development relates environment on development Microsystem to behavior and Mesosystem mental processes Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem Research on the impact of Authoritarian parenting styles on caregivers Authoritative and children Permissive Research on attachment styles Secure attachment and their influence on Insecure attachment temperament Avoidant Anxious Disorganized Temperament Separation anxiety Studies on comfort (Harlow) Study of the development of Peer relationship peer relationships Children Parallel play Pretend play Adolescence Egocentrism Imaginary audience Personal fable Study of adult social Social clock development Emerging adulthood Impact of childhood attachment styles Family/family-like relationships Explain how social Stage theory of psychosocial Psychosocial conflicts development relates development (Erikson) to behavior and Trust and mistrust mental processes Autonomy and shame and doubt Initiative and guilt Industry and inferiority Identity and role confusion Intimacy and isolation Generativity and stagnation Integrity and despair Effect of adverse childhood Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) experiences Sociocultural differences Adolescent development of Identity statuses (Marcia) identity Identity achievement Identity diffusion Identity foreclosure Identity moratorium Types of identity racial/ethnic Gender Sexual orientation Religious Occupational Familial Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how classical Focus of the behavioral Behavioral perspective conditioning applies perspective Learning to behavior and Conditioning mental processes Process and focus of classical Associative learning conditioning Stimulus Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) Conditioned stimulus (CS) Response Unconditioned response (UCR) Conditioned response (CR) Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus discrimination Stimulus generalization Higher-order conditioning Research on classical counterconditioning conditioning of emotional responses and the use of classical conditioning in therapeutic interventions Research on taste aversions Taste aversions and biological preparedness in One-trial conditioning animals Biological preparedness Influences on classical Habituation conditioning Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how operant Focus of operant conditioning Operant conditioning conditioning applies Consequences to behavior and mental processes Influence of the types of Reinforcement reinforcement and punishment Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Primary Reinforcement Secondary Reinforcement Punishment Positive punishment Negative punishment Reinforcement discrimination Reinforcement generalization Process of operant conditioning Shaping Successive approximations Instinctive drift Impact of operant conditioning Superstitious behavior Learned helplessness Impact of reinforcement Continuous reinforcement schedules on the strength of Partial reinforcement operant conditioning Fixed Interval Variable Interval Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Topic Learning Objective Essential Knowledge Key Concepts/ Vocab Questions/ Notes Explain how social Influence of observation on Social learning theory learning applies to learning Vicarious learning behavior and mental Observational learning processes Modeling Explain how cognitive Process of learning without Insight learning factors in learning associations, consequences, or apply to behavior and models mental processes Process of learning without Latent learning immediate reinforcements Cognitive maps