Unit 6 Development - AP Psychology PDF

Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 1. reflexes a few innate abilities: Rooting: turns head when the cheek is touched Moro reflex: a baby will extend the...

Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 1. reflexes a few innate abilities: Rooting: turns head when the cheek is touched Moro reflex: a baby will extend their arms and throw their head back Babinski reflex: toes will spread out if you stroke the bottom of the foot 2. habituation decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation 3. assimilation organizing new information into existing schemas 4. accommodation adding new schemas to differentiate between similar ideas 5. Object Perme- occurs when a child realizes that an object or person still exists even when out of ance (Piaget) sight (leads to separation and stranger anxiety) 6. egocentrism a young child's difficulty to see things from another persons perspective 7. animism a tendency to believe that all things are living 8. stranger anxiety the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age 9. conservation the idea that properties such as quality, volume and mass remain the same even when the shape, arrangement or form changes 10. sensorimotor birth to about 2 years old stage Experiencing the world through the senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing, grasping Object permanence, stranger and separation anxiety occur during this stage Separation anxiety peaks at 13 months of age, regardless of whether the children are home or sent to daycare 11. preoperational ages 2-6 years old stage Learning about words and numbers, Making connections between things, becom- ing more independent 1/5  Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 Egocentrism and animism are dominant at the beginning of this stage, but lessen during this stage 12. concrete opera- Multi-stepped thinking begins tional stage Logical thinking forms, but still very concrete Simple math 13. formal opera- Thinking more hypothetically tional stage Highest level of thinking More mature thinking 14. zone of proximal the zone between what a child can and can't do development 15. Microsystem direct relationship with the child-family, peers, school, neighborhood (ecological systems theory) 16. Mesosystem relations between microsystems, connections between parents and teachers, or (Ecological family and coach or parents and child's friends Systems Theory) 17. Exosystem (Eco- experiences in a social setting in which an individual does not have an active role logical Systems but which influences the child: parents jos, social media, local government; school Theory) curriculums, family's financial situation, parents friends 18. Macrosystem larger socio-cultural context in which a child grows up; nationality, religion, political (Ecological influences, culture Systems Theory) 19. Chronosystem has to do with time and life transitions: (Ecological Traditional, expected, normative transitions: such as graduating from school, mar- Systems Theory) riage, birth of a child, as well as non-normative, less expected life transitions (such 2/5  Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 as an accident winning a lottery, a parental divorce) and how these can affect the child 20. Diffusion of Iden- low exploration and low commitment tity (James Mar- Has not yet established goals or direction and is not seeking out either cia) 21. Foreclosure of low exploration and high commitment Identity (James This individual has made a commitment to an identity without much exploration, Marcia) often based on the expectations of others, like parents or peers 22. Moratorium of High exploration and Low commitment Identity (James Actively looking at multiple possibilities and pathways but has not committed to Marcia) one pathway 23. Achievement of High Exploration and High Commitment Identity Has tried different things, explored multiple pathways, done some research and figured out who they want to be and what they want to do. 24. trust vs. mistrust birth to 1 year old (Erikson stages) completely dependent on others; trying to make sense of the world; were you well taken care of as a baby? 25. autonomy vs 1-3 years old shame Developing a sense of control, beginning to be independent; were you encour- aged to try new things even if you made mistakes or not? 26. initiative vs guilt 3-6 years old Beginning to assert control and personal power, often during play and school; were you encourages to meet new people and try new things outside of the home 27. industry vs inferi- 6-11 years old ority Choosing to do well, taking pride in accomplishments and abilities 3/5  Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 28. identity vs confu- 12-20 years old sion Exploring independence, testing boundaries, developing a sense of self; are you encourages to try to find yourself or forced to be who your family wants you to be? 29. intimacy vs isola- 20-40 years old tion exploring personal relationships; do you have a good support system or not? 30. Generativity vs. 40-65 years old Stagnation Look outside of self, care for others, need to create a living legacy; are you a good mentor? Or more selfish? 31. integrity vs. de- 65 years old- death spair Reflecting back on life; do you look at our life with happiness or regrets? 32. secure attach- Caregiver is a safe base; Babies are upset when caregiver leaves and happy/com- ment forted when they return; leads to a well adjusted, trusting adult 33. insecure avoid- Does not seem to care if the caregiver leaves, or upon return ment 34. Insecure Ambiva- Babies are devastated when the caregiver leaves and are NOT comforted upon lent or Anxious return, rejection of caregiver upon return 35. easy tempera- Babies that readily adapt to new experiences, generally display positive moods and ment emotions, and have regular sleeping and eating patterns. 36. difficult tempera- Babies that are intensely emotional, are irritable and fussy, and cry a lot. They also ment have irregular sleeping and eating patterns. 37. slow to warm Babies that are cautious and nervous with new experiences, people, or situations. temperament Individuals with this temperament typically require time to adjust to changes 38. authoritarian parents 4/5  Unit 6 Development- AP PSYCH Study online at https://quizlet.com/_glhz49 very judgmental and controlling, overly strict and unreasonable Set strict standards for behavior and apply harsh punishments for violations of rules; punishment is used more often than reinforcement 39. permissive par- parents who give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction and, although they ents are warm, require little of them 40. authoritative par- most balances; have consistent, reasonable, explained standards; leads to the most ents well adjusted adults Children's independent is encouraged, but not violating rules 41. crystallized intel- accumulated knowledge and verbal skills tends to increase with age ligence 42. fluid intelligence the ability to reason speedily and abstractly tends to decrease during late adult- hood 43. social clock the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement 44. Harlow's study Harlow asserted that the need for tactile or contact comfort explains how attach- and results ment develops. Harlow demonstrated this fact by giving monkeys two surrogate mothers: a wire mother, who provided nourishment; and a cloth mother, who provided contact comfort. The monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. 5/5