FCT10010 Information Technology Lecture 8 PDF

FCT10010 Information Technology Lecture 8 The Internet and WWW Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected]  Input 5 Basic Processing Operations Storage of Computers Ou...

FCT10010 Information Technology Lecture 8 The Internet and WWW Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected]  Input 5 Basic Processing Operations Storage of Computers Output Communications 2 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected]  The Internet and WWW – the differences The Internet Lecture 8 Connecting to the Internet How does Internet work? Outline The World Wide Web (WWW) Website design Types of websites Other Internet services 3 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Internet and WWW – The Differences Internet The physical interconnections of all computer networks in the world. World Wide Web (WWW) The interconnected multimedia contents (web documents) accessible through the Internet. 4 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The Internet Lecture 8: The Internet and WWW Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Connecting to the Internet To get on the Internet, you need to go through an Internet Access Provider. Three (3) types: Internet Service Provider Commercial Online Service Wireless Internet Service Provider 6 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Connecting to the Internet Internet Access Provider (cont.) Internet Service Provider (ISP) A local or national company that provides you access to the Internet for a fee. Examples: TM (Malaysia), Speedy (Indonesia), EarthLink (USA). Commercial Online Service Members-only company that provides not only Internet access but other specialized content as well such as news, games, etc. Examples: CompuServe and AOL (America Online). 7 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Connecting to the Internet Internet Access Provider (cont.) Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) Enable wireless-equipped laptop, tablet, and smartphone users to access Internet. WISP also offers public wireless network services and Internet access by installing Wi-Fi wireless hotspots at airports, hotels, cafes, and other public places. Examples: Celcom (Malaysia), T-Mobile, Verizon. 8 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? The Internet consists of hundreds of thousands of smaller networks. Central to this arrangement are client/server networks: Client – computer requesting data or services. Server or host computer – central computer supplying data or services requested of it. 9 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? (Source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm) 10 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? Internet Communications Protocols Are set of rules that computers must follow to electronically transmit data. They ensure that all data is exchanged in a consistent format. The Internet protocol that enables all computers to transmit data on the Internet is TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). 11 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? Internet Communications (cont.) TCP/IP TCP/IP breaks the data in a message into separate packets—fixed-length blocks of data for transmission. TCP is used to reassemble the packets in the correct order. IP is used to send the packets across the Internet to their final destination. The packets do not have to follow the same network routes to reach their destination because all packets have the same IP address. 12 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? Internet Communications (cont.) Internet Protocol (IP) address Every computer and device connected to the Internet has an unique IP address. IP address helps to identify the computer on the Internet. IP address consists of four sets of numbers between 0 and 255 separated by decimals (e.g. 1.160.10.240). IP address change each time you connect to your ISP called dynamic IP address. Static IP addresses don’t change. 13 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] How Does Internet Work? Internet Communications (cont.) Dynamic IP address is an IP address that an ISP lets you use temporarily. If a dynamic address is not in use, it can be automatically assigned to a different device. Static IP addresses generally are used by servers or other important equipment. So, for example, a hotel probably has a static IP address, but each individual device within its rooms would have a dynamic IP address. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] World Wide Web (WWW) Lecture 8: The Internet and WWW Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The World Wide Web (WWW) The web and the Internet are NOT the same! The web is multimedia-based technology and the Internet is not. The Internet is the infrastructure (setup) that supports not only web but also other communication systems such as email, instant messaging, and other activities. 16 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The World Wide Web Web Browser/Browser Is a software that enables you to find and access various parts of the web. Examples: Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome Apple Safari 17 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The World Wide Web Website (or simply site) Is a location on a particular computer on the web that has a unique address (called a URL). A URL or uniform resources locator simply Is a combination of letters or numbers that represents the existence of a website or the webserver on the world wide web. It’s like an address of a place where you want to commute. Website consists of one or more powerful computers. They are called a web server. It helps to host websites. The web server could be anywhere, not necessarily at the company headquarters. Examples: www.swinburne.edu.my www.facebook.com 18 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The World Wide Web Web Pages The documents on the WWW that can include text, pictures, sounds and video. A website is composed of a web page or collection of web pages. The first page of a website is called home page. 19 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] The World Wide Web URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Is an unique address for a website/webpages. URL consists of four (4) elements: htt p : / / w w w. sw i nb u r ne. e d u. my /staffs /st aff _ 1. ht m l web protocol domain name web folder web page 20 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Website Design The format/language used to write website/web pages is called HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Is a set of special instructions called “tags” or “markups” that are used to specify document structure, formatting and links to other multimedia documents. 21 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Website Design (Cont.) HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of Websites Web Portals A web portal is a type of gateway website that offers a broad array of resources and services, online shopping malls, email support, current news and weather and links to other popular subject categories. In web portal, you can: Check the home page for general information. Use the directories to find a topic you want. Use a keyword to search for a topic (Search Engine). Examples: Google, Yahoo 23 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Personal Website Created by individuals to showcase their personal information, blogs, portfolios, or other interests. Reasons to create a personal site: Instant credibility Stand out from the competition Unleash your creativity Learn and grow Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Blogs A type of regularly updated websites that provide insight into a certain topic. Launched by Peter Rojas, Engadget is a technology blog providing reviews of gadgets and consumer electronics as well as the latest news in the tech world. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Business Websites created by businesses to establish an online presence. They provide information about the company, its products or services, and contact details. Soundstripe offers well-produced quality songs and sound effects at a fair price. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website E-commerce Websites digital storefront on the internet. designed for online buying and selling. They often include product listings, shopping carts, and payment gateways. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Social Media Websites a collective term for websites and applications that focus on communication, community-based input, interaction, content-sharing, and collaboration. Enable users to create profiles and connect with others. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Educational Websites a huge interactive platform to present various information for different types of people: future students, current students, teachers, parents, those who want to get a new profession, etc. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website News Websites provide current events, articles, and multimedia content to inform readers about the latest happenings in the world. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Forum and Community Websites facilitate discussions and interactions among users who share common Imgur is an image-sharing website created in 2009. It began interests. by hosting images and memes that were trending on other websites (namely Reddit). Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Government Websites to provide information about public services, regulations, and resources. ease administrative burdens and provide greater access to public services for citizens and businesses. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Nonprofit Websites ease administrative burdens and provide greater access to public services for citizens and businesses. 5 main purpose of nonprofit website: Establish a good brand image Showcase their work and success stories World Wildlife Fund (WWF) works on wilderness preservation and protection of the environment. Encourage donations and support Build a community and connect like-minded people Reach the group they aid Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Wiki Websites allow users to collaboratively create and edit content on a wide range of topics. a web page with an open-editing system. The online encyclopedia project Wikipedia is the most popular wiki-based website, and is one of the most widely viewed sites in the world Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Crowdfunding Websites a way of raising money to finance projects and businesses. enables fundraisers to collect money from a large number of people via online platforms. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Job Boards an online platform where employers list job vacancies and job seekers apply for positions. Jobstreet is the largest jobseeker database and number of job postings online, with an AI-powered database that provides refined search results based on your preferences Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Types of website Question and Answer Websites enable users to ask and answer questions on various topics. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services Email One of the greatest use of Internet worldwide is sending and receiving email. Your incoming mail is stored in your mailbox on the access provider’s computer, usually a server called mail server. POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), allows you to download your incoming mails from the mail server. IMAP has expanded functions compared to POP3. Outgoing mail is sent using SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to the recipient’s mail server. 38 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services Email (cont.) Email Program – enables you to send email by running email software on your computer, which interacts with an email server at your internet access provider to send and receive email. Examples: Microsoft’s Outlook Web-Based Email (or webmail) – you send and receive emails by interacting via a browser with a website. Examples: Swinburne’s webmail, Gmail 39 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected]  Other Internet Services Email (cont.) Email address has the following elements: Domain name [email protected] User name / Domain Top- country User ID level domai n Attachments allows you to attach files such as documents and image files. Junk Email/SPAM for unwanted emails and it can be dangerous (e.g. virus). 40 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services Instant Messaging (IM) Is a type of communications service that enables you to communicate in real time over the Internet using text-based. More advanced IMs add file transfer, Voice over IP (VoIP that enables users to speak to other users over the Internet), or video chat. Examples: Facebook Messenger, Skype 41 Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services Voice calls like traditional phone calls or VoIP services (e.g., Skype), enable users to communicate using their voices. some are free, while some require to pay a subscription to call the landline etc. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] 42 Other Internet Services Video calls allow users to have face-to-face conversations in real-time (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams) Some are free for personal use while some come with a plan. Zoom is a web conferencing platform. People use it to make phone calls or to participate in video conference meetings. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services Mobile Apps Many mobile applications offer communication features for various purposes, such as dating apps, food delivery apps, and ride- sharing apps. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected] Other Internet Services File Sharing and Cloud Storage Services like Dropbox and Google Drive allow users to share and collaborate on files and documents in real-time. Lesley Lu | SFS | [email protected]