Information Tech Syllabus PDF

### **SECTION 1: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING** **Computer Systems** Definition of a computer system: A computer system is an integrated unit that includes hardware, software, and peripheral devices, all working together to perform various tasks and functions. It is a complete...

### **SECTION 1: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING** **Computer Systems** Definition of a computer system: A computer system is an integrated unit that includes hardware, software, and peripheral devices, all working together to perform various tasks and functions. It is a complete system designed to accept data, process it, and produce information. **Components of a computer system:** - - - - - **Types of computers:** - - - - - - Computer hardware and software: Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the motherboard, CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. Computer software refers to the programs and instructions that run on the hardware, including the operating system, application programs, and system utilities. ***Storage*** **Primary storage:** RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage used by the CPU to hold data and instructions that are currently being processed. ROM (Read-Only Memory): Used to store the basic instructions for the computer to start up and perform basic functions. Secondary storage: Hard disk drives: Magnetic storage devices used for long-term storage of data and programs. Optical disks (CDs, DVDs): Storage media that use laser technology to read and write data. USB drives: Portable, removable storage devices that use flash memory. Cloud storage: Online storage services that allow users to store and access data remotely. Storage capacity and measurement: Storage capacity is measured in bytes, with common units being kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB). **1 KB = 1,024 bytes, 1 MB = 1,024 KB, 1 GB = 1,024 MB, and 1 TB = 1,024 GB.** ***Input and Output Devices*** **Input devices:** - - - - - **Output devices:** - - - - **Number Systems** *Number systems:* - - - **Conversions between number systems:** Converting between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal number systems. - **Binary arithmetic:** Performing basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) using the binary number system. Understanding the principles and rules of binary arithmetic. **SECTION 2: COMPUTER NETWORKS AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES** ----------------------------------------------------- **[Networking and the Internet]** Definition of a computer network: A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers, and other devices, that can communicate and share resources with each other. **Types of networks:** - - - **Network components:** - - - - - **Internet and its services:** - - - - **Web Technologies** Web browsers and their features: Web browsers are software applications used to access and navigate the World Wide Web. Features include browsing, bookmarking, history management, and security. **Web pages and websites:** Web pages are individual documents or pages that are accessed through a web browser. Websites are collections of related web pages, often with a common theme or purpose. **HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):** - - - CSS is a style sheet language used to control the presentation and formatting of web pages. CSS is used to define the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects of web pages. JavaScript: JavaScript is a programming language used to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. JavaScript is used for features such as form validation, pop-ups, and animations. ### **SECTION 3: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT)** **[System and Application Programs]** **System software:** - - - **Application software:** - - - - - **Processing Modes** - - - **[Information Processing]** ***Data vs. information:*** - - **Characteristics of information:** - - - - **Information processing cycle:** - - - - **[Data Security]** ***Threats to data security:*** - - - - **Data backup and recovery:** - - **Encryption and access control:** - - **Jobs, Skills, and Careers** ***ICT-related careers:*** - - - - - **Importance of continuous learning and skill development:** The ICT field is constantly evolving, requiring professionals to continuously update their knowledge and skills. Staying current with new technologies, tools, and best practices is essential for success in ICT-related careers. ### **SECTION 4: WORD-PROCESSING AND WEB PAGE DESIGN** ***Word Processing*** **Creating, editing, and formatting documents:** Inputting and editing text, including basic formatting such as font, size, and style. Inserting and manipulating objects like images, tables, and charts within documents. **Mail merge and other advanced features**: Mail merge: Automatically generating personalized documents, such as letters or labels, from a database. Other advanced features: Tracking changes, creating templates, and automating tasks. **Web Page Design** ***HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):*** HTML tags: Used to structure and format the content of web pages, such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images. **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):** CSS: Used to control the presentation and styling of web pages, including layout, colors, fonts, and other visual elements. **Multimedia elements:** Images, audio, and video: Embedding and integrating multimedia content into web pages to enhance the user experience. #### **SECTION 5: SPREADSHEETS** **Spreadsheet Concepts** **Cells, rows, columns, and cell referencing:** Spreadsheets are organized into a grid of cells, arranged in rows and columns. Cell referencing: Identifying specific cells using a combination of column letters and row numbers. **Formulas and functions:** - - - **Formatting and styling spreadsheets:** Formatting cells, rows, and columns with different fonts, colors, borders, and alignment. Applying styles and themes to enhance the appearance and readability of spreadsheets. **Spreadsheet Applications** ***Data entry, manipulation, and analysis:*** - - - **Creating charts and graphs:** - - - Using formulas and functions to perform complex calculations and analyses. Generating reports and presenting data in a clear and organized manner. #### **SECTION 6: DATABASE MANAGEMENT** ***Database Concepts*** **Definition and purpose of databases:** Databases are organized collections of data that are stored and managed electronically. The purpose of databases is to provide efficient storage, retrieval, and management of data. **Database management systems (DBMS):** DBMS are software applications that allow users to create, maintain, and access databases. Examples of DBMS include: **Microsoft Access, MySQL, and Oracle.** **Tables, records, fields, and data types:** - - - - **Database Applications** ***Creating, modifying, and querying databases:*** - - - **Generating reports and forms:** Creating reports to present data in a structured and organized manner. Designing forms to facilitate data entry and interaction with the database. **Ensuring data integrity and security:** Implementing measures to maintain the accuracy, completeness, and consistency of data. Controlling access to the database and protecting it from unauthorized modifications or deletions. ### **SECTION 7: PROBLEM-SOLVING AND PROGRAM DESIGN** **Problem-Solving Techniques** ***Identifying the problem:*** - - - **Collecting data and information related to the problem.** Analyzing the information to identify patterns, trends, and potential causes. Developing a solution strategy: - - **Implementing and testing the solution:** Putting the chosen solution into action. Testing the solution to ensure it addresses the problem effectively. **Program Design** ***Algorithms and flowcharts:*** - - **Pseudocode and programming constructs:** - - **Programming languages and their characteristics:** Programming languages: Formal languages used to write computer programs, each with its own syntax, semantics, and features. Characteristics of programming languages: **Level of abstraction, portability, readability, and suitability for different types of applications.** #### **SECTION 8: PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION** **Programming Concepts** ***Variables, data types, and operators:*** - - - **Input/output operations:** - - **Control structures:** - - -