2024 Dental Terms and Charting (PDF)

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOOTH, DENTAL TERMS AND DENTAL CHARTING BDS I 2024 Outcomes Identify the basic morphology of the tooth Describe each permanent and primary tooth according to location, anatomical features, function and other identifying factors. Name the eruption times for pri...

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOOTH, DENTAL TERMS AND DENTAL CHARTING BDS I 2024 Outcomes Identify the basic morphology of the tooth Describe each permanent and primary tooth according to location, anatomical features, function and other identifying factors. Name the eruption times for primary and permanent teeth Identify the dental arches and quadrants using the correct terminology Explain why charting is used in dental practices. Recognize the symbols that are used in dental charts to represent conditions in the oral cav­ity. List and explain the systems used for charting the permanent and deciduous dentitions Explain basic dental terms used for charting The Adult Mouth THE TEETH Primary/ Deciduous Dentition Features of the primary dentition Teeth are smaller in size than in permanent teeth Whiter in colour than permanent teeth Less mineralized and therefore may become more worn (attrition) Functions of the primary dentition Chewing (mastication) Support for the lips and teeth Formulation of speech Maintain arch space and room for secondary teeth Secondary/Permanent Dentition Mixed Dentition Mixed Dentition TOOTH MORPHOLOGY Tissues of the tooth ROOT The tooth and surrounding tissues ANATOMICAL FEATURES ERUPTION DATES TOOTH SURFACES TOOTH SURFACE DEFINITION MESIAL The surface of the tooth nearest to the midline. DISTAL The surface of the tooth furthest away from the midline. BUCCAL The surface of the teeth in contact with the cheeks. LABIAL The surface of the teeth in contact with the lips. LINGUAL The surface of the lower teeth in contact with the tongue. PALATAL The surface of the upper teeth in contact with the palate. OCCLUSAL The biting surface of the posterior teeth. INCISAL The biting/cutting surface of the anterior teeth. PROXIMAL The surface of the tooth in contact with the adjacent tooth (mesially or distally). DENTAL CHARTING: Dental charting is a diagrammatic representation of the patient’s teeth and periodontium The Importance of Dental Charting: - A diagnosis may be formulated from the information obtained. - Required dental procedures can be organized into a treatment plan. - Can be used to counsel patients on their dental needs. - Is used for billing purposes. - Legal protection - In the event of a patient bringing a legal action against the dental staff - The patient’s records and chartings are realistic evidence. - Forensic identification- in the event of emergency, accident, disaster, or criminal cases - a patient may be identified by their teeth from radiographs, charting, study casts or photographs of teeth and other patient records. CHARTING/NUMBERING SYSTEMS 1. FDI system for Numbering - Used in Canada and Europe - International system for coding teeth - Adopted by ADA in 1996 - Used in most countries – Including SA 2. Universal/ National System for Numbering - Used in the United States - Teeth numbered from 1 to 32 (permanent) or A to T (primary) 3. Palmer System for Numbering - Numbered using a quadrant bracket and Number (permanent) and letter (primary) FDI SYSTEM FOR NUMBERING: Secondary/Permanent Dentition Secondary/Permanent Dentition Primary/ Deciduous Dentition Primary/ Deciduous Dentition BASIC CHARTING TERMS  Abscess A dental abscess is a collection of pus as the result of a bacterial infection.  Crowns :Often called a “cap” by patients - Gold, porcelain, stainless steel - Permanent or temporary A Bridge : A bridge is a prosthetic device which is used to replace a missing tooth. The attached sides are called abutments-the middle area is called a pontic Denture : (complete and partial) Full dentures are needed- if all natural teeth in the arch are missing Partial denture is needed- if some natural teeth are missing Diastema : The space between the maxillary central incisors in humans. The word diastema could also be used to identify a space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch Drifting: All teeth are supported by each other in the dentition. If a maxillary tooth is removed then the opposing mandibular tooth may drift, or overerupt Tooth Mobility: - When teeth move in the socket - Due to periodontal disease or trauma Numbering system (called the millers index) is used to record how many millimeters the tooth moves Restoration: “Filling” -Different materials are used –including gold, amalgam and composite Overhang : Excessive restorative material normally found interproximally near the gingiva Root canal treatment: - When the pulp and root canal contents are removed and replaced with a special filling material Sealant : An enamel sealant is a resin material used to seal pits and fissures to prevent decay Periodontal pocket: - Space in the gingival sulcus created by periodontal disease - Healthy depth is 1 to 3 mm; beyond that is considered a pocket Charting Form at UWC Reference: Phinney, DJ. ; Halstead, JH. 2013. Delmar’s Dental Assisting, A Comprehensive Approach. 4th Edition. (UWC Dental Library) THANK YOU