Dentistry Charting (VET2210) PDF

Dentistry Charting VET2210  Why is routine dental care important for pets? Helps prevent halitosis Oral bacterial seeds into internal organs ○ Cardiac ○ Liver ○ Kidneys Pain/discomfort of dental disease Client/patient bond is preserved Client/clinic bond is maint...

Dentistry Charting VET2210  Why is routine dental care important for pets? Helps prevent halitosis Oral bacterial seeds into internal organs ○ Cardiac ○ Liver ○ Kidneys Pain/discomfort of dental disease Client/patient bond is preserved Client/clinic bond is maintained Best practice standard of care  Professional benefits Specializing: VTS Specialty Certification in Veterinary Dentistry ○ https://www.avdt.us/ Legality: * Veterinarians may delegate dental care tasks that “do not alter the shape, structure or positional location of teeth in the dental arch” - AVMA No extractions!!! We CAN receive training in nonsurgical procedures such as root planing, charting, creating molds, taking dental radiographs, and administering regional nerve blocks Dental Vocab!  Veterinary Dental Terminology Brachydont- Small distinct crowns and well-developed roots (humans, pigs, and carnivores) Hypsodont- Large reserve crown beneath gingival margin and root structure. Continue to grow throughout life ○ Radicular- Horses ○ Aradicular (Elondont)- rodents Diphyodont- Two sets of teeth in their life  Veterinary Dental Terminology Exodontic - Dental procedures involving extraction of teeth Endodontic - Treatments of the inside of the tooth (pulp) and periapical tissues (root canal)  Veterinary Dental Terminology Plaque - a soft, sticky film that forms on a pet's teeth from a combination of food particles, saliva, bacteria, and dead cells. Calculus (tartar)- thick, calcified plaque ○ Combines with minerals from saliva, primarily calcium phosphate to harded  Veterinary Dental Terminology Malocclusion - incorrect alignment of teeth or jaws ○ Anisognathism - Maxilla is wider than mandible (can be normal) ○ Brachygnathism - Mandible is shorter than maxilla (overbite) ○ Prognathism - Mandible is longer than the maxilla (underbite)  Veterinary Dental Terminology Caries - Bacterial decay of tooth structure ○ Acids from oral bacteria ferment carbohydrates on the tooth surface Attrition - Abnormal break down of the crowns (Tennis Balls & Bones) Veterinary Dental Terminology Furcation - Area where the roots of a multirooted tooth divide Sulcus - Shallow space between the marginal gingiva and the tooth Dentition Dentition Triadan Quadrants Dentition Triadan Quadrant Numbering  Dentition Anatomic Numbering Canine Dentition Feline Dentition Juvenile Teeth - Timeline of Eruption Charting  Oral mucosa Gingivitis- Inflammation of the gingival tissue ○ A red line at the junction of the mucosa and the tooth crown Stomatitis- Severe ulcerative inflammation of the gingival mucosa ○ May extend into oropharynx and larynx  0 Calculus and Tartar Calcified buildup of debris and bacteria on tooth crown/root Graded on a scale of 0 to 4 Also can be quantified as mild-moderate-severe Often builds up beneath salivary ducts (carnassial teeth)  Mobility Use dental probe / explorer tool to press and pull each tooth Very slight movement is normal Mobility increases as periodontal attachment loss increases Systematically evaluate each tooth by arcade, noting  Sulcus Depth The area where the gingiva deviates from attachment to underlying tissue Normals: ○ Canine 0-3mm ○ Feline 0-1mm Measured with Depth Probe (lines calibrated at 1, 3 or 5mm) Probe is “walked” along all tooth surfaces  Gingival/Alveolar Changes Non-neoplastic changes include: Gingival Recession Gingival Hyperplasia Alveolitis Epulis Neoplastic changes include: SCC - Squamous cell carcinoma - most common in cats Melanoma Osteosarcoma Other misc. tumors  Furcations The area where the roots of multi-rooted teeth meet at the crown. Should be encapsulated by gingiva and periosteal bone Measured with the depth probe Feels smooth - should be no sharp edges along Crown Lesions Slab fractures Enamel wear FORL - tooth resorption ○ 20-70% of feline patients ○ Uncommon in canine patients Caries  Types of Fractures Enamel fracture: involving loss of crown substance confined to the enamel Uncomplicated crown fracture: Involving the crown that does not expose the pulp Complicated crown fracture. Involving the crown that exposes the pulp. Uncomplicated crown-root fracture: Involving the crown and root that does not expose the pulp. Complicated crown-root fracture: involving the crown and root that exposes the pulp. Root fracture: involving the root of the tooth Charting: Grading Periodontal Disease  What is Periodontal Disease? A progressive degeneration of oral health resulting in increasing attachment loss, inflammation, infection and decay. Periodontitis - Inflammation of the gingiva (gingivitis) as well as other structures of the periodontium. ○ Plaque accumulates ○ Bacteria proliferates Early stages are Gram-positive Shifts to Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial as O2 demand increases due to population increase Produces endotoxins ○ Immune system causes tissue damage Inflammatory cytokines ○ Periodontal attachment is lost, sulcus depth increases and tooth becomes mobile ○ Will continue without treatment