The UK Dairy Industry - 2024/25 VMS1001 PDF

THE UK DAIRY INDUSTRY LUISA SOARES LMV, FHEA. MRCVS LECTURER IN PRODUCTION ANIMAL MEDICINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture should be able to Understand the UK Dairy industry Understanding of the key profit drivers...

THE UK DAIRY INDUSTRY LUISA SOARES LMV, FHEA. MRCVS LECTURER IN PRODUCTION ANIMAL MEDICINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this lecture should be able to Understand the UK Dairy industry Understanding of the key profit drivers 2 W H AT I S T H E A I M O F T H E D A I R Y I N D U S T R Y ? To produce profitable milk that is safe to consume from healthy cows kept under high standards of welfare 3  DAIRY OVERVIEW https://ahdb.org.uk/dairy/dairy-at-a-glance 4 5 In the past 20 years, the number of dairy farms in the UK has fallen by 45%. 6 7 8 9 FEWER FARMS WITH MORE COWS AND HIGHER YIELDS Strategically important drivers Breeding management Milk quality – specified by milk buyers → milk solids Vs volume The vet Welfare YOU! Biosecurity and health care Nutrition and feeding management Stockmanship Calf rearing Heifer rearing Profit = Production x Price – Costs (fixed & variable) 10 MILK PRICES 11  MARGINS https://projectblue.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Dairy/Publications/DairyPerformResults3265_200317_WEB.pdf 12  C AT T L E P R I C E S Heifer rearing cost ~ £2000 https://ahdb.org.uk/dairy-cattle-rearing-calf-prices 13 H O W D A I R Y FA R M E R S G E T PA I D ? Farmers get paid by: Volume (Feed, breed) Solids (Feeding, breed) Fat Protein Quality Somatic Cell counts (udder health) Bacteria counts (Hygiene and udder health) 14 FA R M TO F R I D G E → T H E M I L K S U P P LY C H A I N Milking Cooling Transporting Quality control Processing Pasteurization 15 TYPES OF DAIRY ANIMALS Calves (Heifers and bull calves) Replacement heifers Bull(s) Dairy and/or beef Cows (Dry and lactating) 16  TYPES OF SYSTEMS Block calving (Spring, Autumn dual) vs All year round (AYR) Extensive Grass-based systems (Usually block calving (Spring or Autumn) Intensive housed systems Combination systems 17 https://www.dairydiscoveryzone.com/blog/4-modern-milking-parlor-designs 19 https://www.dairydiscoveryzone.com/blog/4-modern-milking-parlor-designs 20 https://www.dairydiscoveryzone.com/blog/4-modern-milking-parlor-designs 21 22 ROBOTIC MILKING ~ 60 cow/machine Free access ‘Milk yourself’ Free cow traffic (tasty feed!) or forced cow traffic (pass through machine to access food) 23 24 TYPES OF CLUSTER 25 26 27 FA R M I N F R A S T R U C T U R E 28 E N V I R O N M E N TA L A N D R E S O U R C E I S S U E S Effluent management Faeces 20-50 Kg/day Urine 30-50L/day Water (50-150L/day) 1000 litres/of water for 1 litre of milk Carbon Footprint Methane Nitrogen oxide Nitrogen (fertiliser) Phosphorous (fertiliser) Damage to ecosystems especially when gets into water courses 29 30 W E L F A R E R E G U L AT I O N S - D E F R A Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) 2000 Farmers responsibility 5 freedoms Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from injury, pain and disease Freedom to express normal behaviour Freedom from fear and distress The Protection of Animals Act 1911-2000 Preventing cruelty to animals The Welfare of Farmed Animals Regulations (2000) No calf shall be confined in an individual pen after the age of eight weeks 31 W E L F A R E R E G U L AT I O N S - D E F R A The Welfare of Animals (Transport) order 1997 Fit for travel – walk unaided The Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 Only a vet can castrate a calf >2 months old Only a vet can remove supernumerary teats >3 months old The Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act 1954 Must use anaesthetic to disbud calves and dehorn cattle Exception is use of caustic past under 1 week of age  K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D I C AT O R S ( K P I S ) The farm as a production system Processes: Standard operating procedures Targets (=best practice) e.g.