School Organization And Vision - PDF

SCHOOL ORGANIZATION UNIT I Prof. Dra. Carolina Gonzalo Llera 2024-2025  In Search of a Vision What is a School? A school is a world in which people live and work. Like any other social organization, the world of the school has… power structure logic...

SCHOOL ORGANIZATION UNIT I Prof. Dra. Carolina Gonzalo Llera 2024-2025  In Search of a Vision What is a School? A school is a world in which people live and work. Like any other social organization, the world of the school has… power structure logic values In Search of a Vision What is a school? Can you describe it or mention some characteristics? 1) Write your own ideas individually 2) Share it with one classmate next to you, 3) Share the ideas of both of you as a whole class  Source: In Search of a Vision https://www.javatpoint.com/school-definition Let’s review some SCHOOL definitions School is a social institution established by society to accomplish its goals. The school is regarded as one of the most important sources of education in the contemporary day when society has quickly developed, science has developed greatly, the data on history and social studies have grown rich, and science has made major advances. Rabindranath Tagore said, "It is where the young and old, the teacher and the student, sit at the same table to partake of their daily food and the food of their outer life." John Dewey said, "School is a special environment where certain types of activities and occupations are provided with the goal of securing the child's development along desirable lines.“ John Dewey was an advocate for school being a social institution for children and for classrooms to provide learning opportunities that allowed students to engage in appropriate social interactions with their peers. J.S. Ross once said, "Schools are establishments created by civilized man to aid in preparing the young for well-adjusted and In Search of a Vision Let’s review some SCHOOL characteristics An official education institution with predetermined objectives is the school. The necessity for intellectual pursuits in society led to the establishment of the school. It is an environment created to instruct and learn. It is an environment where youngsters receive practical life preparation. It is where future citizens' minds are shaped, and their habits, perspectives, and attitudes are developed. It is where particular activities are offered to ensure a child's growth along desired principles. Communication is needed to exchange knowledge, language, and social abilities. Instructors with specialized training oversee formal Source: education. https://www.javatpoint.com/school-definition In Search of a Vision Let’s review some values that the SCHOOL spreads Cultural heritage transmission Modern society has made it difficult for informal institutions like family and community to pass on knowledge and the wealth of diverse cultural heritage to the next generation. Today, the only formal organizations handling this responsibility are schools. The connection between the world and home The school serves as a bridge between the home and the outside world. The youngster interacts with students from various familial origins at school. The experience expands his perspective and prepares him with the skills to tackle many difficulties. change. Source: https://www.javatpoint.com/school-definition In Search of a Vision Let’s review some values that the SCHOOL spreads Create a unique environment The ambiguity of informal agencies of education activity might negatively impact children's habits and attitudes. The school gives the kid a straightforward, sober, orderly, and regulated atmosphere in a planned manner, ensuring the children's overall growth in healthy ways. Growth of cultural diversity Children's development of cultural plurality can greatly benefit from school. Children from many religions, castes, and creeds come together and live in a welcoming environment at school, where they naturally learn to respect the opinions of others. Propagation of state ideology The school is an important institution for the fast propagation of the beliefs and values of any country. Source: https://www.javatpoint.com/school-definition In Search of a Vision Let’s review some SCHOOL values The evolution of society Social growth is feasible with the school's active involvement. The school thinks about all social issues. The school assists in the advancement of social change. Support corporate life Socialization opportunities are available at school. It instills social conduct and develops in him a feeling of social responsibility and cooperation, among others. Creating informed citizens Kids learn about social ideals, civic responsibilities, and rights as citizens in school. Source: https://www.javatpoint.com/school-definition In Search of a Vision You must play an active role… internalize meanings by reading, questioning, and discussing with others how concepts fit into the practical world of education. In Search of a Vision The behavior of people in an educational organization is…  a reflection of their individual https://www.rasmussen.edu/deg rees/education/blog/types-of-sc hools/ unique personalities.  powerfully shaped and molded by the social norms and expectations of the culture that prevail in the organization. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X We6wyz50MA&list=PLT_9blq4hur_ Mrzi5VNNQPUE6sYCHLz7e www.youtube.com/user/BilingualHigherEd  Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Every culture has basic assumptions about people. Everyone in every culture accepts certain implicit, basic assumptions about people, their human nature, the nature of human relationships, the nature of human activity, and the nature of the relationships between the people and the environment. Can you think of an example of a basic assumption? How are assumptions related to beliefs and values?  Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Every culture has basic assumptions about people. They are called basic assumptions because they give rise to our beliefs and values and, ultimately, the way we behave toward others. Basic assumptions are learned in infancy and develop as we mature and are educated Basic assumptions become internalized that they are taken for granted. Basic assumptions are not questioned, not thought, because they become “the way we do things around here”.  d b e li efs a re more Values an is c uss them a u s e w e d public bec e. from time to tim Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors From these assumptions flow values and beliefs. From values and beliefs flow action. Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Actions flow from values and beliefs that we embrace. Sometimes there are some dissonances, some counter behaviors/actions. We do things that are against one another. Example: college students take the beliefs and behaviors that the college professors reward and control, just because they want to be viewed favorably. The problem is that the students’ own beliefs and aspirations are not attended, not listened.  Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Do our expressed assumptions always lead to appropriate action? m pti o n … i s r e l a ti vely Assu od e du c a tion o Early childh d th e re a l w o rk of o rt a n t a n tary u n i mp n s aft e r el e m e n n g b e g i schooli. However… school The need for children to get an early start in schooling to lay a strong foundation for success in later years. We persist in spending minimal amounts for preschool and early childhood education. Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors What is necessary to make a difference in the organization we call school? 1. Carefully make our basic assumptions manifest. 2. Consider how logical the connections are between those assumptions, our values and beliefs, and the organizational behavior that we use in professional practice. Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Do you believe in equity and equality? Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Does it matter very much what kind of climate or culture prevails in a school? Assumptions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Schools tend to evoke behavior that is 1. Conventional 2. Conforming Many people would define such 3. Submissive schools as oppressive, as jails… Controlled by 1. emphasizing powerful social norms 2. expectations that support and reward such behavior  Creativity and Multiple Types of Intelligence We need to challenge the way we're educating our children… We need a radical rethink of our school systems to: (1) cultivate creativity, and (2) acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. t y is n ow ivi "Creat r t a nt in p o as im n as c at io e du." literacy son- e n R o bin -Sir K Youtube Playlist Video 2. RSA ANIMATE: Changing Education Paradigms  The Nature of Scientific Progress Dissatisfaction with (public) schooling has deepened over time  SIMPLE DIRECT SOLUTIONS  A MORE SCIENTIFIC, OR EVIDENCE-BASED, APPROACH TO DECIDING WHAT TO DO  A DEMAND FOR INCREASED USE OF SCIENTIFICALLY RIGOROUS APPROACHES TO IMPROVING TEACHING AND LEARNING STYLES Educational leaders would need to think more carefully about assumptions and about the nature of science and scientific progress.  Paradigms in Education 1. A way you see something, your point of view, frame or reference, or belief. 2. The social and political realities of the time and place are powerful players in shaping and molding a scientifc paradigm. 3. A system of beliefs that exists within a large ideological context; it consists of interlocking scientific, social, and political views and commitments. 4. Perceptions: about the way things are, they are inaccurate or incomplete. They create limitations. In Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rlvzqgWzns In English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-PvBo75PDo  Paradigms in Education "In philosophy departments throughout the world, the Blind Men and the Elephant has become the poster child for moral relativism and religious tolerance" and… "if we know the Whole Elephant is out there… Shouldn't this drive us to Youtube Playlist Video 3. open our eyes wider and "The Blind Men and the Elephant" seek every opportunity to Can you trust your eyes? Perspective Activity Perspective Activity Can you trust your eyes? What’s really there?  Do you believe it is possible to make a permanent switch from a fixed to a growth mindset? There are two types of mindsets we can cultivate. One that embraces problems as opportunities to learn, and One that avoids problems, often out of fear to fail. People who see problems as interesting challenges have a growth mindset. Youtube Playlist Video 4. People that avoid conflicts can Growth Mindset vs. Fixed Minds et be described as having a fixed mindset. PARADIGMS IN EDUCATION  PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION LEARNING BY DOING & LEARNING BY DISCOVERY The effort to improve schools and teaching and learning is currently characterized by many different theories, ideas, and approaches. This is part of the PEDAGOGICAL RENOVATION movement, developed in all the world from the end of the XIXth century till the forties of the XXth century. EDUCATIONAL PROGRESSIVISM is the belief that education must be based on the principle that humans are social animals who learn best in real-life activities with other people. Most progressive educators believe that children learn as if they were scientists. Typical progressivist slogans are "Learn by Doing!" and "Learn by Discovery." Impact of Behavioral Science – Psychology Behaviorism—focus on extrinsic rewards and punishments to explain and control behavior. Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) remains Influential in:  Curriculum and instruction  Classroom management Skinner is the practitioner best known to educators for applying behaviorism to schooling, especially the pedagogical methods for teaching children with maladaptive behavior. Operant Conditioning https:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=V09FuazW8bc Behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is less likely to be repeated.  B.F. Skinner’s Brand POWERFUL FORCE IN DEFINING: 1. how teachers, administrators,… think about students s p ecially i s m, e , has 2. teaching methods v i o r Beha inner’s b ra n d k B.F. S owerful in 3. the organization and leadership p been ion. a t o d s for of schools edu c meth omes of m a tic tc Syste ing the ou e at b evalu ion should aviorist ct eh instru e in the b p hasize tiv e m objec d tend to g. an in view rdized test a stand Psychology Paradigms (continued) Psychoanalytic Psychology unconscious drives and internal instincts motivate people and cause their behavior. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the founding father of psychoanalysis. Do events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality? Psychology Paradigms (continued) Cognitive Psychology mental processes including thinking reasoning decision making underlie behavior (critical and creative thinking) Jean Piaget (1896-1980) most influential in affecting education Cognitive Development Does every experience and interaction have an impact on development in early childhood?  Psychology Paradigms (continued) Cognitive Psychology mental processes including thinking reasoning decision making underlie behavior (critical and creative thinking) Jean Piaget (1896-1980) most influential in affecting education Cognitive Development Does every experience and interaction have an impact on development in early childhood? https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=EYbCE1udazw  Psychology Paradigms (continued) PARADIGM SHIFT VERBAL BEHAVIOR. Creative use of language cannot be explained by behaviorist theories. CRITICAL THINKING Evaluate and analyze complex discussions. CREATIVE THINKING How we generate new insights, understandings, and alternatives that are different from the norm. 1928 - Youtube Playlist Video 5. How KIPP Teachers Learn to Teach Critical Thinking Youtube Playlist Video 5. How KIPP Teachers Learn to Teach Critical Thinking  Psychology Paradigms (continued) Cognitive Psychology considerable impact on the practice of teaching and learning in the classrooms Excellent instruction is seen as emphasizing 1.The perception of relationships between and among the elements of a problem 2.Rote memorization 3.Study skills 4.Social skills 5.Problem solving 6.Organizational skills 7.Subject-matter mastery Youtube Playlist Video 8. Social and Emotional Learning Psychology Paradigms (continued)  Psychology Paradigms (continued) Youtube Playlist Video 9 & 10. Culture and Climate Activity: discuss about the impact of behaviorism and cognitivism theories applied in educational settings. Lines of analysis: student’s activities, study topics, teacher’s role. Reading materials Behaviorism in the classroom https://kstatelibraries.pressbooks.pub/dellaperezproject/chapter/chapt er-6-behaviorism/ https://edtechbooks.org/education_research/behaviorismt Cognitivism in the classroom https://www.go1.com/blog/cognitive-learning-theory https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-is-cognitive-learning2003.html#close  Psychology Paradigms (continued) Youtube Playlist Video 6 & 7. The Ron Clark Academy Youtube Playlist Video 6 & 7. The Ron Clark Academy CHAPTER 1 (PART I)