180 Vocabulary med PDF

# Unit 1: What is Medicine? ## Pre-Midterm Vocabulary List | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Theater | (n) operating room | Theatric (adj) | Operating Room | | | 2 | History | (n) past events | Historic (adj) | | | | 3 | Patient | (n) il...

# Unit 1: What is Medicine? ## Pre-Midterm Vocabulary List | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Theater | (n) operating room | Theatric (adj) | Operating Room | | | 2 | History | (n) past events | Historic (adj) | | | | 3 | Patient | (n) ill person | | | | | 4 | Admit | (v) allow to enter a place | Admitted (adj) | | Discharge | | 5 | Discharge | (v) allow to leave a place | Discharged (adj) | Release, Leave | Admit | | 6 | Antiseptic | (adj) preventing the growth of disease-causing microorganisms | | | Septic | | 7 | Imbalance | (n) lack of proportion or relation between corresponding things | | | Balance, Stability | | 8 | Malfunction | (n) fail to function normally | | Impairment | | | 9 | Outpatient | (n) a patient who attends a hospital for treatment without staying there overnight | | | Inpatient | | 10 | Transmission | (n) the process of transfer | Transmit, Transmitted (adj) | | Obstruction | | 11 | Analysis | (n) detailed examination of the elements or structure of something | Analyze (v), Analyzed (adj) | Study | | | 12 | Dissection | (n) the action of dissecting a body or plant to study its internal parts | Dissect (v), Dissected (adj) | Cut, Excise, Incise | Suture | | 13 | Microbiology | (n) the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye | | | | | 14 | Microbiologist | (n) a specialist who studies very small living things such as bacteria | | | | | 15 | Cardiologist | (n) a doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart diseases | | | | | 16 | Cardiology | (n) the study of heart diseases | Cardiac (adj) | | | | 17 | Pathologist | (n) a doctor or a scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases | | | | | 18 | Pathology | (n) the study of the causes and effects of diseases | Pathological (adj) | | | | 19 | Consultant | (n) a doctor who completed residency and can provide expert advice professionally | Consult (v) | | | | 20 | Consultation | (n) the action or process of formally consulting or discussing | | | | | 21 | Biochemist | (n) an expert in or student of the branch of science concerning the chemical processes occurring within living organisms | | | | | 22 | Biochemistry | (n) the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms | | | | | 23 | Lens | (n) a clear, curved structure at the front of the eye behind the pupil to help focus light | | | | | 24 | Conjunctiva | (n) the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids | | | | | 25 | Cornea | (n) the transparent layer forming the front of the eye | Corneal (adj) | | | | 26 | Functioning | (adj) the way of working or operating in a proper or particular way | Function (v), Functionable (adj) | | Dysfunction (n) | | 27 | Harmful | (adj) causing damage | Harm (v) | | Beneficial, Useful | | 28 | Identify | (v) establish or indicate who or what (someone or something) is | Identification (n), Identified | Recognize, Detect | Ignore | | 29 | Improvement | (n) an example of improving or being improved | Improve (v) Improving (adj) | Development | Deteriorate | | 30 | Lucidity | (n) clarity of expression; intelligibility | Lucid (adj) | Clarity, Intelligibility | Blurry | | 31 | Mechanism | (n) a natural or established process by which something takes place | | | | | 32 | Medical | (col) register the past history of the ill person | | Write down | Surgical | | 33 | Take the history of the patient | (n) relating to the science or practice of medicine | Medicine (n) | | | | 34 | Monitor the patient | (col) spot any sign or symptom that indicate the progress or deterioration of the patient's condition | | Observe | Disregard, Overlook | | 35 | Observe the signs | (col) spot any sign or symptom that indicate the progress or deterioration of the patient's condition | Observation (n) | Notice | | | 36 | Perform the operation | (col) to carry out a surgical procedure | Performance (n), Performed (adj) | Carry out, Conduct | | # Unit 3: Basic Principles in Medicine | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Cell | (n) the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane | Cellular (adj) | | | | 2 | Collagen | (n) the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues |  | | | | 3 | Tissue | (n) a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit |  | | | | 4 | Organ | (n) a part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function |  | | | | 5 | Gland | (n) an organ which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surrounding |  | | | | 6 | Hormone | (n) a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action | Hormonal (adj) | | | | 7 | Function of organs | (col) an activity that a body part performs |  | | | | 8 | Anatomy | (n) he branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts | Anatomical (adj) | | | | 9 | Physiology | (n) the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts | Physiological (adj) | | | | 10 | Physiotherapist | (n) a person qualified to treat disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise | Physically (adv) | | | | 11 | Physical | (adj) relating to the body as opposed to the mind | Physically (adv) | | Emotional | | 12 | Medical | (adj) relating to the science or practice of medicine | Medically (adv) | | Natural | | 13 | Internal | (adj) situated on the inside | | | External | | 14 | Renew | (v) extend the period of validity of a contract | Renewal (n) | Prolong, Extend | Wear out | | 15 | Reproduce | (v) produce offspring | Reproductive (adj) | | Terminate | | 16 | Reshape | (v) shape or form (something) differently | Restructure | | | # Unit 5: Causes and Effects of Diseases | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Cause discomfort to the patient | (col) create pain for the patient |  | Distress | Comfort, Relief | | 2 | External factor | (col) a reason outside a circumstance that contributes to a result | Externally (adv) | Exterior | Internal | | 3 | Internal factor | (col) a reason inside a circumstance that contributes to a result  | Internally (adv) | Interior | External | | 4 | Incidence | (n) the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease | Incidental (adj) | Case | | | 5 | Fighting a disease | (col) struggle to overcome an illness | | Resisting | Catching | | 6 | Catching a disease | (col) have an illness | | | Fighting | | 7 | Screening for a disease | (col) the application of a medical procedure to people whose symptoms are not clear | | Check for | | | 8 | Communicable disease | (n) an illness caused by an infectious agent |   | | | | 9 | Non-communicable condition  | (n) a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another | |  | | | 10 | Contagious disease | (n) a disease that transmits a pathogen through contact and affects others | Contagiously (adv) | Infectious, Transmittable | Non-transmittable | | 11 | Inflammatory disease | (n) a disease that results from bacteria attacking the immune system through an injury creating a rash that helps cells heal | Inflammation (n), Inflamed (adj) | | | | 12 | Degenerative disease | (n) a disease or condition is one that gets worse as time progresses | Degeneration (n) | | | | 13 | Neoplastic disease  | (n) a condition that cause tumor growth | | | | | 14 | Food-borne disease  | (n) an illness is caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages | | | | | 15 | Traumatic disease | (n) a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event: either experiencing it or witnessing it | Trauma (n) | | | | 16 | Infectious Diseases | (n) disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites | Infection (n), Infect (v) | | Noninfectious | | 17 | Congenital disease | (n) a condition that is present from birth because it results from the formation of the baby | | | | | 18 | Heredity disease | (n) a disease that results from the parents' genetic make-up that passed onto a person and affects their genome | Inherit (v) | | | | 19 | Perinatal disease | (n) a disease that can be passed from a mother to her baby before, during, and after birth | | | Postnatal | | 20 | Respiratory Infection | (n) infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs | Respiration (n) | | | | 21 | Tuberculosis | (n) a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person | | | | | 22 | Rate of prevalence | (col) the proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease over a specified period of time | | | | | 23 | Changes | (n) making or becoming different | | | Regularities | | 24 | Abnormal | (adj) deviating from what is usual | Abnormally (adv) | | Normal, Typical | | 25 | Development | (n) growing or causing to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborate | Develop (v). Developing (adj), Developed (adj) | Progress, Growth | Hindrance, Interruption, Shrink | | 26 | Detect | (v) discern (something intangible or barely perceptible) | Detection (n) | Notice | Overlook | | 27 | Occur | (v) happen; take place | Occurrence (n) | Happen | | | 28 | Factors | (n) a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result | | Reason, Aspect | | | 29 | Variation | (n) a change or slight difference in condition | Vary (v), Varying (adj) | | Constancy | | 30 | Category | (n) a class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics | Categorical (adj) | Group | | | 31 | Role | (n) a part played by a person or thing in a particular situation | | Part | | | 32 | Affluent | (adj) having a great deal of money; wealthy | Affluence (n) | | Poor | | 33 | Underdeveloped | (adj) not normally or adequately developed | | | Developed | | 34 | Unhealthy | (adj) harmful to health | | | Healthy | | 35 | Adolescent | (adj) the period of life between 13 to 19 years old | | Teenager | | | 36 | Middle-aged | (adj) the period of life between 45 to 60 years old | | | | | 37 | Sedentary | (adj) (of a person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive | | | Active | | 38 | Active | (adj) ready to engage in physically pursuits | Actively (adv), Act (v) | | Inactive, Languid, Sedentary | | 39 | Male | (n) reference to men or boys ; having a gender identity that is the opposite of female | | | | | 40 | Female | (n) reference to women or girls ; having a gender identity that is the opposite of male | | | | | 41 | Rate of death | (col) the ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time | | | | | 42 | Primary researcl | (n) any type of research that a person collects him/herself which includes surveys, interviews, observations, and ethnographic research |   | Main | Secondary | | 43 | Secondary research | (n) a research method that involves using already existing data | | Chief | | | 44 | Qualitative research | (n) a research that relies on data obtained by the researcher from first-hand observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, participant-observation, recordings made in natural settings, documents, case studies, and artifacts |  | | Quantitative | | 45 | Quantitative research | (n) a research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data | | | Qualitative | | 46 | Conduct a seminar | (col) meet to study and discuss something |   | | | | 47 | Discuss the statistics | (col) talk about the numerical data to analyse it | Discussion (n), Discussed (adj) | | | | 48 | Support the argument with statistics | (col) strengthen with ideas presented with numerical data | | Strengthen, Back up | | | 49 | Present the reasons | (col) give evidence or purpose | Presentable (adj), Presentation (n) | Give | | # Supplementary: The Physiology of the Digestive System | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Mucus | (n) a slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by the mucous membranes and glands for lubrication | Mucous (adj) | | | | 2 | Produce | (v) make or manufacture from components or raw materials | Produced (adj), Production (n) | Secrete | | | 3 | Secrete | (v) (of a cell, gland, or organ) produce and discharge (a substance) | Secretion (n), Secreted (adj) | | | | 4 | Acid | (n) a substance with particular chemical properties including turning litmus red, neutralizing alkalis, and dissolving some metals | Acidic (adj) | | Alkaline | | 5 | Gastric juices | (n) combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin secreted by the stomach | | | | | 6 | Store | (v) keep or accumulate (something) for future use | Storage (n) | Keep | | | 7 | Bile | (n) a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid which aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder | | | | | 8 | Contract | (v) decrease in size, number, or range | Contraction (n). Contracted (adj) | Constrict | | | 9 | Accessory organ | (n) an organ that helps with digestion but is not part of the digestive tract | | Addition | | | 10 | Support the function of | (col) strengthen the purpose of | | Sustain | Unsustain | | 11 | Absorb nutrition | (col) take in or soak up food or nourishment | Absorbent (n) | | | | 12 | Absorbable component | (col) an element that can be soaked | | Element | | | 13 | Motility | (n) the ability of organisms and fluid to move or get around | | | | | 14 | Peritoneum | (n) the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs | | | | # Supplementary: Nutrition | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Integral part of | (col) important section | | Essential, Vital | Unimportant | | 2 | Recreational activity | (col) an enjoyable undertaking | | Occupation, Task | | | 3 | Prepare a meal | (col) arrange something to eat | Preparation (n), Prepared (adj) | Cook, Arrange | | | 4 | Poor nutrients | (col) low in nourishment | | Low | Rich, High in | | 5 | Starve oneself | (col) cause to suffer or die from hunger | Starvation (n) | | Over eat | | 6 | Lose weight | (col) become thinner or lighter | | | Gain | | 7 | Gain weight | (col) increase weight and become heavy | | | | | 8 | Convert food to energy | (col) change nutrients to have the strength to sustain physical or mental activity | Conversion (n), Converted (adj) | Change | Maintain | | 9 | Metabolism | (n) the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life | | | | | 10 | Chemical process | (col) a method or means of somehow changing one or more artificial compounds composed of chemicals | Chemically (adv) | | Natural | | 11 | Repair | (v) fix something damaged to a good condition | Restore, Reconstruct | | Damage, Deconstruct | | 12 | Measure the calories | (col) assess the amount of energy in an item of food or drink | Measurement (n) | Calculate, Estimate | | | 13 | Ideal diet | (col) intake of food that has the right amount nutrients and calories for one's age, built and daily activity | Ideally (adv) | Perfect | | | 14 | Few calories | (col) low in calories | | Little | High | | 15 | Essential components of | (col) an important part of | | Vital, Critical | Minor, Extra, Subordinate, Optional | | 16 | Source of energy | (col) energy that originates from something | | Cause | | | 17 | Recommended diet | (col) Advisable food to take | Recommend (v), Recommendation (n) | | | | 18 | Nutrients | (n) a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth | Nutritious (adj) | | | # Supplementary: Types of Bone Fracture | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Osseous tissue | (n) bone tissue formed from osteoblasts and cells that break down bone called osteoclasts | | | | | 2 | Osteocyte | (n) a cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone. It occupies a small chamber called a lacuna. | | | | | 3 | Composites | (n) a thing made up of several parts or elements | Compose (v), Composed (adj) | | | | 4 | Subjugate a limb to.. | (col) force a limb to | Subjugation (n) | Subordinate | | | 5 | Spontaneous fracture | (n) occurs in seemingly normal bone with no apparent blunt-force trauma | | Natural | Artificial | | 6 | Traumatic fracture | (n) occurs when significant or extreme force is applied to a bone | | Injured, Damaged | Healthy |  | 7 | Benign tumor | (n) none cancerous tumor that remains in its place | |  | Malignant | | 8 | Malignant tumor | (n) a harmful tumor that spreads throughout the body | |  | | | 9 | External force | (col) pressure that acts from the outside | | Pressure | | | 10 | Ligaments | (n) a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint | | | | | 11 | Displacement of bones | (col) loss of bone alignment along its long axis e.g. the degree of rotation | Displace (v) | Dislocated | | | 12 | Immobilize | (v) restrict the movements of (a limb) to allow healing | Immobilization (n) |  | | | 13 | Heal | (v) cause (a wound, injury, or person) to become sound or healthy again |  | |  | | 14 | Chronic | (adj) (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring | | | Acute | | 15 | Bruise | (n) an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels | | Contusion, Lesion |  | | 16 | Wound | (n) an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken | | Laceration, Tear, Lesion | | # Supplementary: Types of the Skeletal System | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Coordination of movements | (col) the ability to select the right muscle at the right time with proper intensity to achieve proper action | Coordinate (v) | Organization | | | 2 | Shed light on | (col) to provide information about something | | |  | | 3 | Composition of bones | (col) material making up a bone | Compose | Focus on, Components, Structure | | | 4 | Outer shell of bones | (col) the tough, thin outer membrane covering the bones | | periosteum | Inner part | | 5 | Constitute | (v) be (a part) of a whole | Constitution (n) | Compose, Create | | | 6 | Structure of a bone | (col) the four types of cells that compose bony tissue: osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoblasts | | Composite | | | 7 | Interior of the skull | (col) the inner side of the skull | | Inside | Exterior | | 8 | Produce red blood cells | (col) form red blood cells | | Make, Create | Destroy | | 9 | Replace dead cells | (col) put new cells back in the place of previous ones | Replacement (n), Replaced (adj) | Restore | Empty | | 10 | Contain marrow | (col) Include marrow | | Comprise of | | | 11 | Interior bone cavity | (col) the inside of a bone |  | Space | | | 12 | Bloodstream | (n) flow of blood | | | | | 13 | Heartbeat | (n) the pulsation of the heart | | | | | 14 | Blood clotting | (n) an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured | | Coagulation |  | | 15 | Muscle contraction | (n) the tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity |  |  | | | 16 | Surplus amount of calcium | (n) excessive amount of calcium | | Extra, Additional | | | 17 | The edges of a bone | (col) the ends of a bone | | | | | 18 | Attain full size | (col) to have the whole size | Attainable (adj), Attainment (n) | Reach | | | 19 | Pliable bone | (col) can bend easily without cracking or breaking | | Flexible | Inflexible | | 20 | Resilient bone | (col) can bend easily without cracking or breaking | Resilience (n) | Strong | Weak | | 21 | Susceptible to breaking | (col) not strong and therefore likely to be damaged or destroyed | | Vulnerable, Liable | | | 22 | Unfixed number | (col) not a set number which can be changed | | Varying, changing | Set | | 23 | Bones fuse together | (col) bones join together to form one | Fusion (n) | Unite | Wear | | 24 | Fontanelle | (n) a 'soft spot' of a new born baby's skull made up of cartilage that will ossify with age | | Suture | | | 25 | Mature skull size | (col) full skull size of an adult |  | | Immature | | 26 | Spinal column | (n) the vertebral column: bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues that reach from the base of the skull to the tailbone | | | | | 27 | Axial skeleton | (n) the skeleton made up of the bones in the head, neck, back and chest | | | Grow, Expand | | 28 | Appendicular skeleton | (n) the skeleton comprised of the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder and pelvis girdles | | | | | 29 | Protect critical organs | (col) to shield the important organs | | Preserve | Injure, Harm | | 30 | Jawbone | (n) the bone that provide the foundation for the teeth | | | | | 31 | Support the teeth | (col) give assistance to the teeth |  | Uphold | | | 32 | Gums | (n) the firm, fleshy tissue covering the alveolar parts of either jaw and enveloping the necks of the teeth | | | | | 33 | Depend on the structure | (col) based on the structure | Dependance (n), Depending (adj) | Base | | | 34 | Appendages | (n) limbs: arms and legs | | Limbs | | | 35 | Physical rigor | (col) physical ability | | | | | 36 | Joints | (n) a point at which parts of an artificial structure are joined | | | | | 37 | Scraping each other | (col) rubbing against each other | | Scratching | Drying | | 38 | Lubricating fluid | (n) a substance that greases to assist mobility | Lubrication (n) | Oiling | | | 39 | Bursae | (n) small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body's joints | | | | | 40 | Intricate structures | (col) very detailed structure | | Complex | Simple | | 41 | Impaired organ | (col) lacks functionable activity | Impairment (n) | | | | 42 | Physical injury | (col) damage appearing on the body | | Wound, cut | | | 43 | Dislocate a bone | (col) a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint | Dislocated (adj) | | In tacked | | 44 | Fractured bone | (col) when something hits your bone with enough force not only to damage it, but to break it in at least one place | | Ruptured | Entact | | 45 | Strained muscle | (col) an injury to a muscle or a tendon | | Stressed | | | 46 | Disorder | (n) any type of condition that significantly impacts one or more major life activities | | | | | 47 | Aching feet | (col) hurt in one's feet | | Painful | | | 48 | Untreated infection | (col) not improved or controlled medically infection | | | Treated | # Supplementary: The Growth of Bones | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Bone cells | (n) the cells that make up bone tissue | | | | | 2 | Compact bone | (n) also known as cortical bone, is a denser material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton | |  | | | 3 | Spongy bone | (n) light, porous bone enclosing numerous large spaces that give a honeycombed or spongy appearance (lighter and less dense than compact bone; also known as cancellous bone) |  |  | | | 4 | A rich supply of blood | (col) a strong source of blood | | | Poor source | | 5 | Mature bone | (col) a bone contrived of compact and spongy bones | | | Immature | | 6 | Osteoblast | (n) a cell that develops bone | |  | | | 7 | Osteoclast | (n) a specialized cell that absorbs and removes bone | |  | | | 8 | Osteocyte | (n) osteocyte is a bone-forming cell that has become entrapped within the bone matrix (the hard part of the bone) | Transmitted (adj) |  | | | 9 | Transmit pain from central nervous system | (col) to pass pain information from the peripheral to the central nervous system | Transmission (n) | Spread | | | 10 | Monitor bone tissue | (col) watch and track bone tissue | | Observe | Ignore | | 11 | Maintain bone tissue | (col) reserve the level of bone tissue | Maintenance (n) | Preserve | Deplete | | 12 | Fluid ducts | (n) a fluid canal | | | | | 13 | Nourish cells | (col) supply cells with food | Nourishment (n) | Feed | Malnourish | | 14 | Intercellular substance | (col) substance between cells | | | Extracellular | | 15 | Breakdown bones | (col) fragment bones | | Disintegrate, dissolute | Integrate | | 16 | Release calcium | (col) produce calcium |   | | | | 17 | Reabsorb | (v) take in a substance again |  | | | | 18 | Remove the debris | (col) remove dead cells | | | | | 19 | Excess bone | (col) surplus amount of bone | Excessive (adj), Excessively (adv) | Additional | Insufficient | | 20 | Sufficient amount of vitamin | (col) enough amount of vitamin | Suffice (v), Sufficiently (adv) | Enough | Inadequate | | 21 | Transmit impulses | (col) send a pulse | Impulsive (adj), | | | # Supplementary: Medicines and Drugs | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Implants | (n) devices or tissues that are placed inside or on the surface of the body | | | | | 2 | Capsule | (n) a shell made of gelatin with the medicine inside | | | | | 3 | Oral tablet | (n) a pill taken through the mouth |  | | | | 4 | Sublingual tablet | (n) a pill placed under the tongue to be administered through the salivary glands | | | | | 5 | Patches | (n) cold or hot pieces that help to ease pain in specific areas | | | | | 6 | Nasal spray | (n) a medicine blown or driven through the nose in the form of tiny drops | | | | | 7 | Oral spray | (n) a medicine blown or driven through the mouth in the form of tiny drops | | | | | 8 | Ophthalmic drop | (n) eye drop |  | Instillation |  | | 9 | Ear drop | (n) a medicine blown or driven through the ear in the form of tiny drops |  | | | | 10 | Powder | (n) a dry, solid substance, composed of finely divided drugs with or without excipients and intended for internal or external use | | | | | 11 | Gel | (n) jelly like medicine | | | | | 12 | Cream | (n) a water-soluble medicinal preparation applied to the skin | | | | | 13 | Lotion | (n) a liquid usually aqueous medicinal preparation containing one or more insoluble substances and applied externally for skin disorders | | Lubrication |  | | 14 | Ointment | (n) an oil base preparation applied to the skin or eye | | | | | 15 | Liquid medicine | (n) aqueous medicine | | | | | 16 | Injectables | (n) medicine administered using a needle | Inject (n) | | | | 17 | Suppository | (n) a solid medical preparation inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve | | | | | 18 | Inhaler | (n) a device that gets mist medicine directly into a person's lungs | | | | # Supplementary: The Process of Manufacturing a Drug | No | Word | Meaning | Derivatives | Synonyms | Antonyms | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Prescribed medication | (col) a medicine that can only be made available to a patient on the written instruction of an authorised health professional | | | | | 2 | Over-the-counter remedy | (n) a medicine that can be bought without a prescription (doctor's order) | | | Behind-the-counter | | 3 | Developmental process | (col) process that promotes the formation of new, more mature, or differentiated tissues, organs, or organ systems |  | |  | | 4 | Dispense a medicine | (col) give a medicine | Dispensable (adj) | Give | Take | | 5 | Research is commenced | (col) the research is begun | | Started | | | 6 | Conduct a research | (col) carry out a research | | Carry out | Terminated, Ended | | 7 | Conduct a test | (col) perform the test | | Performed, Prepared | | | 8 | Conducted in a lab | (col) performed in the lab | | | | | 9 | Evaluating toxicity | (col) assessing the amount of poison | | Assessing