Module 6 Medical Vocabulary Student 2024 PDF

Module 6: Medical Vocabulary Learning medical terms so that you can understand medical discourse (as a student of medicine or as a professional in a healthcare setting) is essential. These materials in this module, Medical Vocabulary, will help you understand how medical terminology is formed, how...

Module 6: Medical Vocabulary Learning medical terms so that you can understand medical discourse (as a student of medicine or as a professional in a healthcare setting) is essential. These materials in this module, Medical Vocabulary, will help you understand how medical terminology is formed, how the words are said and how they are used in context. The module comprises seven single sessions and is spread throughout the duration of the course. You are encouraged to devote out-of-class time every week to building up your knowledge of medical terms to become familiar with how they are used in context. There are different types of medical terms. The types that we will focus on in this module will mainly be anatomical and diagnostic medical terms that are formed by different word parts. Some medical terms are abbreviations and eponyms, but they are not the focus in this module. This module will be assessed by a quiz at the end of the term. This quiz will count towards 25% of your final grade. Learning Outcomes By the end of the module, students should be able to  understand how medical words are formed,  understand the meaning of a medical word from its constituent parts,  form new words from constituent parts,  identify the number of syllables and the stressed syllables in a medical word, and  understand medical vocabulary in context. Session One Introduction to Medical Vocabulary Task 1 In pairs, look at the following words and abbreviations and write down a definition for each. If you only know the meaning of one part of the word, note that part down. 1. antibiotic _______________________________________________________________________ 2. polycystic _______________________________________________________________________ 3. dermatitis _______________________________________________________________________ 4. dermatology _______________________________________________________________________ 5. melanoma _______________________________________________________________________ 6. rhinoplasty _______________________________________________________________________ 7. cardiology _______________________________________________________________________ 8. hepatitis _______________________________________________________________________ 9. tonsillitis _______________________________________________________________________ 10. leukemia _______________________________________________________________________ Formation of Medical Terms The medical terms that you will learn in this course are the types of terms that are formed by the combinations of different word parts: a Greek or Latin root together with a prefix or a suffix. Root The word root contains the fundamental meaning of the word. It is the core part of the word. Each medical term contains at least one word root. Some words contain more than one word root. Some common types of word roots are: Anatomical roots: “cardi/o” (heart) Descriptive roots: “glyc/o” (sugar) Etiological roots: “carcin/o” (cancer) When a word root is connected to another word root or a suffix, a vowel is usually inserted in between to ease the pronunciation, and this vowel is called the combining vowel. Some word parts can be used as prefixes and roots in different medical terms. To avoid confusion, in this course, when word parts are used as roots, they are presented in their combining forms, with the slash symbol and the combing vowel. Prefix Prefixes are located at the beginning of medical terms to provide additional information of the medical terms or modify their meanings. Please note that while combining vowels are usually used between two or more roots and between a root and a suffix, they are never used between a prefix and a root. Some examples of prefixes are: “Epi-”: upper “An-”: without “Bi-”: two Suffix Suffixes are word parts that are located at the end of words. Suffixes modify the meaning of medical terms. Some examples of suffixes are: “-itis”: inflammation “-scopy”: visual examination “-oma”: tumor Combining vowel As mentioned before, the combining vowel is placed to connect two or more word roots or to connect a word root and a suffix, but it is not used to connect a prefix and a word root. The combining vowel is usually an “o” but it can sometimes be an “i” or even an “a”. Not all medical terms will have combining vowels. Here are some rules about the use of combining vowels in medical terms:  When connecting a word root and a suffix, a Colonoscopy combining vowel is used if the suffix DOES NOT begin with a vowel Root: colon/o Suffix: -scopy When connecting a word root and a suffix, a Encephalitis combining vowel is usually NOT USED if the suffix Root: encephala/o BEGINS with a vowel Suffix: -itis When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel Osteoarthritis is usually used even if vowels are present at the Roots: oste/o; arth/o junction Suffix: -it is When connecting a prefix and a word root, a Epigastric combining vowel is NOT USED Prefix: epi- Root: gastr/o Suffix: -ic Task 2 Now, look back at the list of words from the start of this session. Work with your partner to break them down into their constituent parts. The first one has been done as an example. Prefix + root + suffix antibiotic anti – bio – tic against + life + pertaining to polycystic dermatitis dermatology melanoma rhinoplasty cardiology hepatitis tonsillitis Session 2 Using Medical Glossaries Learning Outcomes By the end of the session, students should  be familiar with a medical glossary  understand how medical words are formed (i.e., the word parts)  have practiced using glossaries to ‘translate’ medical terms into laypeople’s language  and vice versa. In session one, we learnt how medical terms are formed from a combination of prefix, root and suffix. Sometimes a combining vowel (an ‘o’ or an ‘a’) is used to aid pronunciation. How much do you remember? Learning medical terms can be a daunting task. To make the process easier and more enjoyable for you, you may use the glossary on BlackBoard to help you identify the word parts and their meanings. Task 1 Look at the words in the box below and categorize them as prefixes, roots and suffixes. Make sure to include the meaning. cardi an- oma emia laryng melan plasty anti bio poly neuro therapy leuk ic rhin logy ot gastr hepat tonsil itis epi Prefix Root Suffix Task 2 What do these words mean? 1. epigastric __________________________________________________________________________ 2. melanoma __________________________________________________________________________ 3. leukemia __________________________________________________________________________ 4. dermatitis __________________________________________________________________________ 5. rhinoplasty __________________________________________________________________________ 6. polycystic __________________________________________________________________________ 7. hepatitis __________________________________________________________________________ Task 3 Write the medical terms for the following: 1. Study of the ear, nose and throat __________________________________ 2. Water treatment/therapy __________________________________ 3. Pertaining to the heart __________________________________ 4. Pertaining to the liver __________________________________ 5. Nerve pain __________________________________ 6. Study of the heart __________________________________ 7. Reduced red blood cell count (lack of blood) __________________________________ Task 4 Learning medical terminology can be a daunting task. Now that you understand how words are formed, look at the glossary provided by your teacher and try to work out the meaning of the following words: 1. Carcinogenic ________________________________________________________ 2. glaucoma ________________________________________________________ 3. postnatal ________________________________________________________ 4. epilepsy ________________________________________________________ 5. polyuria ________________________________________________________ 6. encephalitis ________________________________________________________ 7. mammogram ________________________________________________________ 8. hydrophobia ________________________________________________________ Task 5 Now use the glossary to work out the medical terminology for these conditions: 1. Hardening of the arteries ___________________________________________ 2. Inflammation of the bronchus ___________________________________________ 3. No appetite ___________________________________________ 4. Difficulty swallowing ___________________________________________ 5. Short sightedness ___________________________________________ 6. The study of the nose ___________________________________________ 7. Incision into the trachea ___________________________________________ 8. White blood cell ___________________________________________ Task 6 Identify the word parts in the medical terms below. What do these words mean? 1. cardiology _______________________________________________________________ 2. laryngology _______________________________________________________________ 3. otoscope _______________________________________________________________ 4. radiograph _______________________________________________________________ 5. arteriogram _______________________________________________________________ 6. gastropathy _______________________________________________________________ 7. rhinitis _______________________________________________________________ 8. appendectomy _______________________________________________________________ 9. arthritis _______________________________________________________________ 10. osteomalacia _______________________________________________________________ Session Three The Organ System Learning Outcomes  By the end of the session, students should  be familiar with word roots relating to the organ system  understand the origin of word roots  understand combining forms and word formation spelling rules Word roots As mentioned in session one, anatomical medical terms are the main focus in this module. Therefore, the word roots that you will learn in this module will mainly be about specific organs or body parts. Task 1: Identifying common roots Use your own knowledge and/or your glossary to match the word roots with the layman’s terms. gastr(o) ___ a. Eyes ocul(o) ___ b. Kidney derm(o) ___ c. Stomach splen(o) ___ d. Spleen pulmon(o) ___ e. Bladder hepat(o) ___ f. Lung cerebr(o)/encephal(o) ___ g. Heart prostat(o) ___ h. Liver nephr(o) ___ i. Brain cardi(o) ___ j. Prostate cyst(o) ___ k. Intestine enter(o) ___ l. Skin Understanding the Origin of Word Roots Task 2 You will have noticed that there is more than one possible word root for some of the organs. Use your own knowledge or check your glossary to find all possible word roots for the following: bronchus colon skin kidney brain hand Why do you think some organs and body parts have more than one root? Combining Forms As mentioned in session one, to avoid confusion, all the word roots in this module are presented in their combining forms, with a slash and a combining vowel, which is usually an “o”. What are the word roots and the meanings of the following combining forms? Word root Combining form Meaning Steth/o Metr/o Chondr/o Word formation spelling rules Here are the rules of using the combining vowel again: When connecting a word root and a suffix, a Colonoscopy combining vowel is used if the suffix DOES NOT Root: colon/o begin with a vowel Suffix: -scopy When connecting a word root and a suffix, a Encephalitis combining vowel is usually NOT USED if the suffix Root: encephala/o BEGINS with a vowel Suffix: -itis When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel Osteoarthritis is usually used even if vowels are present at the Roots: oste/o; arth/o junction Suffix: -it is When connecting a prefix and a word root, a Epigastric combining vowel is NOT USED Prefix: epi- Root: gastr/o Suffix: -ic Task 4: Forming medical terms from constituent parts Using your own knowledge and the glossary, try to form medical terms for the following. Check the spelling rules for each word you create. 1. Inflammation of the brain ________________________________________ 2. Removal of the prostate ________________________________________ 3. Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow ________________________________________ 4. Tumor of the muscle ________________________________________ 5. Inflammation of the meninges ________________________________________ 6. Softening of the iris ________________________________________ 7. Thinning of the bones/skeleton ________________________________________ 8. Habit of eating hair ________________________________________ 9. Inflammation of the stomach ________________________________________ 10. Discharge from the nose ________________________________________ Session 4 Parts of the Body Learning Outcomes By the end of the session, students should be  familiar with medical roots for parts of the body  understand rules for forming plural and adjectival forms In the last session we looked at medical terminology for the organ system. This session focuses on medical terms for parts of the body and plural forms. Task 1 Using your own knowledge and checking the glossary, label the diagram on the next page. Make sure you include the medical terms for the following: Layman Medical Layman Medical Head jaw Nose arm Mouth breast Eye chest Cheek rib Neck humerus Ears hand Hair finger Leg ankle Hip foot Lower back toe Task 2: Understanding plural forms What are the plural forms of the following words? 1. Datum 2. Phenomenon 3. stadium 4. locus 5. fungus Many of the same patterns for changing singular nouns into plural nouns also occur in medical terminology. Complete the table below with the appropriate singular or plural form and identify the rules. Singular Plural Meaning Rule brachium labium crania glomerulus nasi digitus occulus pes ossa Task 3 Now work out the plural rule for the following word endings: Singular Plural Meaning Rule vertebra vertebrae vertebra thorax thoraces apex apices pubis pubes appendix appendices sarcoma sarcomata ganglion ganglia ovum ova alveolus alveoli biopsy biopsies Task 4: Understanding Adjectival Word Parts Many medical terms comprise adjectival word parts. For example: Oste/o + malacia  osteomalacia (softening of the bones) Arteri/o + sclerosis  arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arterial walls) Here are some common adjectival word parts. Using your own clinical knowledge and referring to the examples given, try to work out the meaning of the word parts. Root Meaning Examples Dextr/o Dextrocardia (heart on the right side) Glyco/o Glycemia (blood in the sugar) Heter/o Heterosexual Hom/eo, hom/o Homeomorphous (same in shape). Hydr/o Hydremia (excessive water in blood) Macr/o Macroencephaly (large brain) Mal- Malady (illness) Malaise (general discomfort) Malac/o Malacia (softening) Meg/a Megalgia (extreme pain) Orth/o Orthodontics (straightening of teeth) Pachy- Pachyderma (abnormally thick skin) Scoli/o Scoliosis (crooked spine) Sten/o Stenostomia (narrow oral cavity) Therm/o Thermogenic (producing heat) Xer/o Xerochilia (dry lips) Session 5 Prefixes and Suffixes Learning Outcomes By the end of the session, students should understand the meaning of common prefixes and suffixes. To refresh your memory, here are the definitions and examples of prefixes and suffixes in medical terms introduced to you in session one: Prefix Prefixes are located at the beginning of medical terms to provide additional information of the medical terms or modify their meanings. Please note that while combining vowels are usually used between two or more roots and between a root and a suffix, they are never used between a prefix and a root. Some examples of prefixes are: “Epi-”: upper “An-”: without “Bi-”: two Suffix Suffixes are word parts that are located at the end of words. Suffixes modify the meaning of medical terms. Some examples of suffixes are: “-itis”: inflammation “-scopy”: visual examination “-oma”: tumor Task 1 Separate the words below into their constituent parts (e.g., prefix, word root, suffix) and work out the meaning. Glaucoma Leukemia Tachyphagia Dysphagia Neuralgia Anorexia Encephaloma Appendectomy Task 2 Match these common prefixes with their meaning: 1. a-, an- ___ a. small 2. ambi-, ampho- ___ b. difficult, bad 3. contra- ___ c. apart, free from 4. dys- ___ d. all, entire 5. ep-, epi- ___ e. below, beneath 6. aut-, auto- ___ f. upon, on, over 7. multi- ___ g. opposed, against 8. dis- ___ h. both 9. infra- ___ i. normal 10. eu- ___ j. many 11. ante- ___ k. change, beyond 12. circum- ___ l. around 13. meta- ___ m. before 14. micro- ___ n. self 15. pan- ___ o. without, lack of , not Task 3 Now do the same with these common suffixes: 1. -al, -ic ___ a. Surgical puncture 2. -ectomy ___ b. Vomiting 3. - penia ___ c. Resembling, shaped like 4. -scopy ___ d. Excessive flow 5. -emesis ___ e. Visual examination 6. -centesis ___ f. Deficiency of, lack of 7. -oma ___ g. Instrument that records 8. -stomy ___ h. Pertaining to 9. –logy ___ i. Surgical opening 10. –rrhage, -rrhagia ___ j. Science of, study of 11. –graph ___ k. Eating, devouring 12. –phobia ___ l. Tumour 13 -form, -oid ___ m. Cutting out 14. –phagia, -phagy ___ n. Prolapse/ drooping 15 –ptosis ___ o Abnormal fear or intolerance of Task 4 When learning medical terms, it is easier to start with the suffix (condition, disease process, procedure or disorder), then the word root/combining form and finally the prefix (number of parts involved, time or location of an organ). E.g., Photophobia – fear (phobia) of light (phot/o)) Hemorrhage – excessive flow (-rrhage) of blood (hem/o) Gastrostomy – surgical opening (- stomy) of the stomach (gastr/o) Now you do the same: 1. apnea ____________________________________________________________ 2. geriatrics ____________________________________________________________ 3. mammogram ____________________________________________________________ 4. laparoscopy ____________________________________________________________ 5. meningitis ____________________________________________________________ 6. gastroenterology ____________________________________________________________ 7. cystotome ____________________________________________________________ 8. nephroptosis ____________________________________________________________ Session Six Pronunciation of medical terms I Learning Outcomes By the end of the session, students should be  familiar with common pronunciation patterns used in medical vocabulary  able to use IPA to work out pronunciation from a dictionary Besides understanding the meaning of medical terminology, it is also important to recognize the terms when spoken (in a lecture or in a clinical setting) and also be able to pronounce the terms accurately yourself. Task 1 Word Pronunciation (IPA) Rule C (before a, o, or u) = K carcinogen, cavity, colon C (before e or i) = S cystic, cirrhosis, cerebral e.g., cephalic Ch = K cholesterol, chlorine, chromosome e.g., cholesterol G (before a, o or u) =G gastric e.g., gallstone G (before e or i) = J (dz) generic, gingivitis e.g., generic Ph = F pharmacy, pharynx, e.g., pharmacy pneumonia, pneumothorax, Pn = N pneumonitis, e.g., pneumonia  Ps= S psychology, e.g., psoriasis, Ph= F physical e.g., physiotherapy Look at the list of words below. Work with your partner to work out the pronunciation: Pt = T Ptosis e.g., ptosis Rh, rrh = R rheumatic, haemorrhoid e.g., Haemorrhoid / hemorrhoid X (when used as first letter = Z xeroderma e.g., xerosis Task 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is another useful tool to help you work out how to pronounce medical terms from a dictionary. Use the IPA table to help you work out the meaning of these words: IPA Meaning /tɒkˈsiːmɪə/ /ˈhɛmərɪdʒ/ /ˈsɜːdʒəri / /ˌfɑːməˈsjuːtɪkəl / /ˈblædə/ /ˈfeɪt(ə)l/ /kəˈlestərɒl/ /ˌsɪstɪk/ Session Seven Pronunciation of medical terms II Understanding word stress rules will also help you pronounce medical terms correctly. Task 1 Break the following words down into syllables and mark the stressed syllable. The first one has been done for you. No. of Rule Syllables gland Gland 1 No particular stress bladder (n) Stress the 1st syllable neural (adj) digest Short vowel & one (or no) consonant - stress on first syllable enter arrive Long vowel & more than one consonant - stress on second syllable apply appetite Usually on the first syllable pathogen neoplasm rhinitis Words ending in –itis, stress the preceding syllable fundamental Stress falls usually on the 2nd or 3rd hemothorax syllable paediatrics monocellular Stress normally falls on the middle submandibular syllable tyndallization For words ending in ‘tion’, stress the preceding syllable Stress before suffixes Task 2 Say these words aloud and mark the stressed syllable: Stressed syllable Rule Stress the syllable before suffix distillation -tion melanoma -ma somatic -ic psychiatrist -atrist physiology -e/ious thermometer -meter biography -graph extensive -ive simplicity -ity courageous -e/ious Words with more than five syllables Long words of five or more syllables will have a primary and secondary stress. The primary stress normally falls on the penultimate syllable (the syllable before the final syllable) and the secondary stress falls on the initial syllable. In the example below, notice how the primary stress falls immediately before the suffix. E.g., PNEU/mo/con/i/O/sis (‘’-sis’ = condition) Now check your dictionary and find the stressed syllables and meaning of this word: laryngotracheotomy Word stress patterns are sometimes marked as follows: Stressed syllable - unstressed syllable - e.g., pharyngitis has four syllables so: or __________________________ In some words, syllables are reduced (weak) or disappear altogether. Another e.g., laboratory (:4 or 5 syllables). Task 3 Look at the following words. Identify the syllable breaks and mark the stressed syllable. Word Syllables Rule muscle 2 stereotactic 5 electroencephalograph 8 cough 1 Task 4 Sort the following words into the correct column according to the number of syllables and the stress type. ( - stressed syllable; unstressed syllable) elective, forceps, radioactive, surgery, ophthalmologist, fatigue, compress, allergy, tissue, tourniquet, optometrist, hemodialysis, congenital, amputation, catheter, hypertension. 2 syllables 3 syllables 4 syllables 5 syllables Task 5 Practise saying the words in column A. Then match the words with the correct meaning in column B. Please note there is one extra definition in column B. Column A Column B 1. abrasion A death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply and entry of bacteria 2 abscess B crack-like sore in the skin 3 acne C cluster of boils 4 actinic keratosis D induration of connective tissue 5 basal cell carcinoma E non-infectious inflammatory skin disease having redness, blisters, scabs, and itching 6 carbuncle F scraped away skin 7 cellulitis G involves sebaceous glands and hair follicles 8 contusion H painful skin node caused by staphylococci in a hair follicle 9 eczema I inflammation of connective tissue with redness, swelling, and fever 10 fissure J collection of pus 11 furuncle K injury characterized by pain, swelling and discolouration 12 gangrene L precancerous skin condition caused by excessive exposure to sunlight 13 scleroderma M epithelial tumour commonly found on the face of elderly individuals N red lesions with silvery scales Homework: Complete Progress Check Part A and Part B Progress Check Part A Use your glossaries to complete the following exercises. Part 1: Matching Match the following word elements with their meaning: 1. aden/o ___ a. brain 2. bronch/o ___ b. uterus 3. encephal/o ___ c. abdominal wall 4. gloss/a ___ d. bronchus 5. hyster/o ___ e. bone 6. irid/o ___ f. gland 7. lapar/o ___ g. tongue 8. oste/o ___ h. iris Part 2: Spelling and Definitions Circle the letter of the correct spelling and then define the combining form: 1. (a) oophor/o (b) ophoor/o (c) oorphor/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 2. (a) prosct/o (b) proct/o (c) prost/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 3. (a) neuphr/o (b) neprect/o (c) nephr/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 4. (a) rhinit/o (b) rhin/o (c) rhen/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 5. (a) orchi/o (b) oorch/o (c) orche/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 6. (a) salcr/o (b) salp/o (c) sacr/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 7. (a) salpr/o (b) salping/o (c) salpen/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 8. (a) myring/o (b) mirang/o (c) myleng/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 9. (a) pharang/o (b) pharyng/o (c) pragyn/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 10. (a) spongyl/o (b) sphondyl/o (c) spondyl/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 11. (a) urotor/o (b) uroter/o (c) ureter/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 12. (a) chondr/o (b) cholondr/o (c) chodol/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 13. (a) chost/o (b) cost/o (c) costol/o Definition: ___________________________________________ 14. (a) vast/o (b) vas/o (c) vein/a Definition: ___________________________________________ 15. (a) ven/o (b) vin/o (c) vein/o Definition: ___________________________________________ Part 3: Defining Medical Word Elements Provide the medical root word for the following terms: 1. man _________________________________________________ 2. woman _________________________________________________ 3. heart _________________________________________________ 4. head _________________________________________________ 5. chest _________________________________________________ 6. tooth _________________________________________________ 7. brain _________________________________________________ 8. stomach _________________________________________________ 9. liver _________________________________________________ 10. gallbladder_________________________________________________ 11. mouth _________________________________________________ 12. tongue _________________________________________________ 13. breast _________________________________________________ 14. muscle _________________________________________________ 15. nerve _________________________________________________ Part 4: Building Medical Words Using all word elements necessary, build medical words that mean: 1. Inflammation of a tendon _____________________________________ 2. Removal of the thyroid gland _____________________________________ 3. Incision into the trachea _____________________________________ 4. Any disease of the intestine _____________________________________ 5. Pain in the nerves _____________________________________ 6. Inflammation in the urinary bladder _____________________________________ 7. Inflammation in a joint _____________________________________ 8. Removal of the spleen _____________________________________ 9. An eye specialist _____________________________________ 10. An x-ray picture of a blood vessel _____________________________________ 11. Stones in the gallbladder _____________________________________ 12. An obstructed artery _____________________________________ 13. Removal of a lung _____________________________________ 14. An x-ray picture of the spinal cord _____________________________________ 15. Instrument for examining the ear _____________________________________ 16. Incision into a vein _____________________________________ 17. Removal of the prostate gland _____________________________________ 18. Rupture of a vessel in the cerebrum _____________________________________ 19. Inflammation of the esophagus _____________________________________ 20. Incision into the thorax _____________________________________ Progress Check Part B Part 1: Matching Match the following word elements with their meaning: 1. –ectomy ____ a. tumor 2. –ostomy ____ b. abnormal condition 3. –otomy ____ c. rupture 4. –rrhaphy ____ d. resembling 5. –rrhage ____ e. abnormal or excessive flow or discharge 6. –rrhea ____ f. flow or discharge 7. –rrhexis ____ g. cut or make in incision 8. –oid ____ h. suture 9. –oma ____ i. surgical removal 10. –osis ____ j. surgical creation of an opening in an organ to remove waste Part 2: Spelling and Definition Circle the letter of the correct spelling and then define the word element: 1. (a) -centesis (b) -centisis (c) -senticis (d) -cinteses Definition: _______________________________________________ 2. (a) -clysis (b) -clasis (c) -claxis (d) -clasy Definition: _______________________________________________ 3. (a) -ectasy (b) -ectosis (c) -ectasis (d) -eclasis Definition: _______________________________________________ 4. (a) -malachi (b) -melacia (c) -malazia (d) -malacia Definition: _______________________________________________ 5. (a) -plegia (b) -plagia (c) -phlagia (d) -pelagia Definition: _______________________________________________ 6. (a) -tosis (b) -ptosis (c) -protosis (d) -tsosis Definition: _______________________________________________ 7. (a) -slerosis (b) -schlerosis (c) -sclerosis (d) -shlerosis Definition: _______________________________________________ 8. (a) -magaly (b) -mejally (c) -magely (d) -megaly Definition: _______________________________________________ 9. (a) -cele (b) -cely (c) -cili (d) -ceal Definition: _______________________________________________ 10. (a) -isis (b) -iasis (c) -iatis (d) -iesis Definition: _______________________________________________ Part 3: BUILDING MEDICAL WORDS Using any of the appropriate word elements, build medical words that mean: 1. a headache ______________________________________ 2. taking x-ray films of internal body structures ______________________________________ 3. inflammation of the stomach ______________________________________ 4. formation of gallstones ______________________________________ 5. increase in red cell mass ______________________________________ 6. softening of the bones ______________________________________ 7. surgical puncture of a joint ______________________________________ 8. removal of blood from a vein ______________________________________ 9. repair of a broken nose ______________________________________ 10. scientific study of living organisms ______________________________________ 11. enlargement of the liver ______________________________________ 12. any skin disease ______________________________________ 13. excision of the appendix ______________________________________ 14. incision into the brain ______________________________________ 15. stopping the flow of blood ______________________________________ 16. a substance that causes cancer ______________________________________ 17. disease of the kidneys ______________________________________ 18. loss of the power of speech ______________________________________ Part 4: Defining Medical Terms Define the following medical terms: 1. osteoclasis _________________________________________________________ 2. enterolysis _________________________________________________________ 3. lithotripsy _________________________________________________________ 4. circumcision _________________________________________________________ 5. adenoma _________________________________________________________ 6. dysphagia _________________________________________________________ 7. leukopenia _________________________________________________________ 8. hemiplegia _________________________________________________________ 9. acrophobia _________________________________________________________