Untitled Quiz

Unit 1: What is Medicine?

• Theater is the operating room where medical operations take place.
• Patient is the person who is sick or injured and needs medical care.
• Admit means to allow a patient to enter the hospital for treatment.
• Discharge refers to allowing a patient to leave the hospital after treatment.
• Antiseptic refers to substances or methods that prevent the growth of germs.
• Imbalance indicates a lack of balance or harmony
• Malfunction is the failure of a body part or system to function as it should.
• Outpatient is a patient who receives treatment at the hospital without needing to stay overnight.
• Transmission refers to the transfer of a disease from one person to another.
• Analysis is a detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
• Dissection is the act of cutting apart a body or plant to study its internal parts.
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
• Microbiologist is a specialist who studies microorganisms.
• Cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of heart diseases.
• Cardiology is the study of heart diseases.
• Pathologist is a doctor or scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases.
• Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of diseases.
• Consultant is a doctor who has completed their residency and can provide expert advice professionally
• Consultation is the act of discussing a medical issue with a doctor.
• Biochemist is an expert in the branch of science that deals with the chemical processes within living organisms.
• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within living organisms.
• Lens is a clear, curved structure in the eye that helps focus light.
• Conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye.
• Cornea is the transparent layer at the front of the eye.
• Functioning refers to the way a body part or system works, whether properly or not.
• Harmful means causing damage or harm.
• Identify means to establish or indicate who or what something is.
• Improvement refers to an example of something getting better.
• Lucidity refers to clarity of expression or understanding.
• Mechanism is a natural or established process by which something takes place.
• Medical History is information about a patient's past illnesses and health conditions
• Monitor the Patient means to observe and track the course of a patient's condition.
• Observe the Signs means to notice and pay close attention to any changes in a patient's condition.
• Perform the Operation means to carry out a surgical procedure.

Unit 3: Basic Principles in Medicine

• Cell is the smallest unit of life, containing cytoplasm and a nucleus.
• Collagen is the protein that gives structure to skin and connective tissues.
• Tissue is a group of similar cells that work together.
• Organ is a self-contained part of the body with a specific function.
• Gland is an organ that secretes substances.
• Hormone is a regulatory substance produced by the body to stimulate specific cells or tissues.
• Function of organs is the activity a body part performs.
• Anatomy is the study of the body's structure.
• Physiology is the study of the body's functions.
• Physiotherapist is a healthcare professional who uses physical methods to treat injuries and conditions.
• Physical relates to the body, as opposed to the mind.
• Medical relating to the science of medicine.
• Internal means located inside the body.
• Renew to extend the period of a contract.
• Reproduce means to produce offspring.
• Reshape means to give something a new form or shape.

Unit 5: Causes and Effects of Diseases

• Cause discomfort to the patient means to make the patient feel pain.
• External factor is a reason from outside a circumstance that contributes to a result.
• Internal factor is a reason from inside a circumstance that contributes to a result.
• Incidence refers to the frequency of a disease.
• Fighting a disease is the struggle to overcome an illness.
• Catching a disease is becoming infected with an illness.
• Screening for a disease is checking for signs of a disease in people without symptoms.
• Communicable disease is an illness that can be transmitted from one person to another.
• Non-communicable condition is a disease that cannot be transmitted directly from person to person.
• Contagious disease is a disease that spreads easily through contact.
• Inflammatory disease is a disease caused by inflammation, usually a reaction to bacterial infection.
• Degenerative disease is a disease that worsens over time.
• Neoplastic disease is a disease characterized by the growth of abnormal cells.
• Food-borne disease is an illness caused by contaminated food or drink.
• Traumatic disease is a mental health condition triggered by a stressful event.
• Infectious Diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
• Congenital disease is a condition that is present at birth.
• Heredity disease is a disease passed down from parents to children.
• Perinatal disease is a disease that can affect a baby before, during, or after birth.
• Respiratory Infection is an infection that affects the lungs or airways.
• Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and spreads through the air.
• Rate of prevalence refers to the percentage of people in a population who have a disease.
• Changes refer to alterations or modifications.
• Abnormal deviates from what is usual, ordinary, or standard.
• Development is the process of growing or becoming more advanced.
• Detect means to notice or find something.
• Factors are things that influence an outcome or result.
• Variation refers to differences or changes.
• Category is a class or grouping of things with shared characteristics.
• Role is the function or part played in a situation.
• Affluent refers to a person or society with a lot of wealth.
• Underdeveloped refers to a country or region with low economic development.
• Unhealthy harmful to health.
• Adolescent refers to the period of life between 13 and 19 years old.
• Middle-aged refers to the period of life between 45 and 60 years old.
• Sedentary refers to a lifestyle with little physical activity.
• Active refers to a person who engages in frequent physical activity.
• Male refers to the male biological sex.
• Female refers to the female biological sex.
• Rate of death refers to the number of deaths within a certain population.
• Primary research involves gathering new data directly.
• Secondary research summarizes and analyzes existing data from other studies.
• Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical data to explore experiences and perspectives.
• Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data to measure and analyze relationships.
• Conduct a seminar means to hold a meeting for discussion and study on a specific topic.
• Discuss the statistics involves talking about numerical data to analyze it.
• Support the argument with statistics means to strengthen the evidence with numerical data.
• Present the reasons means to provide evidence or explanation for a point of view.

Supplementary: The Physiology of the Digestive System

• Mucus is a slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes and glands for lubrication.
• Produce means to make or manufacture something.
• Secrete means to produce and discharge a substance.
• Acid is a substance that has specific chemical properties, like turning litmus red and neutralizing alkalis.
• Gastric Juices are a combination of hydrochloric acid, lipase, and pepsin that are secreted by the stomach.
• Store means to keep something for future use.
• Bile is a bitter, greenish-brown liquid that aids digestion.
• Contract means to decrease in size.
• Accessory organ is an organ that helps with digestion but is not part of the digestive tract.
• Support the function of means to strengthen the purpose of something.
• Absorb nutrition means to take in or soak up food or nourishment.
• Absorbable components are parts of food that can be absorbed by the body.
• Motility refers to the ability of organisms and fluids to move.
• Peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity.

Supplementary: Nutrition

• Integral part of means an essential or important section.
• Recreational activity is an enjoyable leisure activity.
• Prepare a meal is to arrange food to eat.
• Poor nutrients means lacking in nourishment.
• Starve oneself means to go without food.
• Lose weight to decrease in weight.
• Gain weight to increase in weight.
• Convert food to energy means transforming food into usable energy.
• Metabolism encompasses all the chemical processes that occur in the body.
• Chemical process is a way or means of changing artificial compounds.
• Repair means to fix something that has been damaged.
• Measure the calories means to assess the amount of energy in food.
• Ideal diet is a food intake that provides the proper nutrients and calories for an individual's needs.
• Few calories means low in calories.
• Essential components of means important parts of something.
• Source of energy is the origin of energy.
• Recommended diet refers to advice on what kinds of food to eat.
• Nutrients supply nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and growth.

Supplementary: Types of Bone Fracture

• Osseous tissue is bone tissue.
• Osteocyte is a cell found within bone.

Osteoblasts

• Bone-forming cells that develop bone.
• Responsible for creating new bone tissue through a process called ossification.

Osteoclasts

• Specialized cells that absorb and remove bone.
• Their function is to remodel and reshape bone through the process of bone resorption.

Osteocytes

• Mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix.
• Derived from osteoblasts and play a vital role in maintaining bone tissue.

Compact Bone

• Also known as cortical bone.
• Denser material that contributes to the strength and rigidity of the skeleton.

Spongy Bone

• Also known as cancellous bone.
• Light, porous bone with a honeycombed structure, found within the interior of bones.

Marrow

• Found in the interior bone cavity.
• Serves as a crucial source of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Periosteum

• The outer shell of bones.
• A tough, thin membrane covering bones that plays a role in bone growth and repair.

Fontanelle

• A "soft spot" on a newborn baby's skull made up of cartilage.
• Will ossify (harden) with age, contributing to the development of the skull.

Axial Skeleton

• Composed of bones in the head, neck, back, and chest.
• Provides support and protection for vital organs.

Appendicular Skeleton

• Composed of bones in the upper and lower extremities, including the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
• Enables movement and locomotion.

Ligaments

• Short bands of tough, flexible tissue that connect bones or cartilages.
• Provide stability and support to joints.

Bursae

• Small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in joints.
• Help to facilitate smooth movement and prevent wear and tear.

Joints

• Points where artificial structures are joined (or bones meet).
• Enable movement and flexibility.

Muscles

• Provide the force needed for movement and locomotion.
• Work in coordination, contracting and relaxing to move the body.

Types of Fractures

• Spontaneous fracture: Occurs in seemingly normal bone without apparent blunt-force trauma.
• Traumatic fracture: Occurs when significant or extreme force is applied to a bone.

Types of Tumors

• Benign tumor: Non-cancerous tumor remaining in a specific location.
• Malignant tumor: Harmful tumor that spreads throughout the body.

Healing Process

• Wound: Injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken.
• Bruise: Injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.
• Immobilization: Restricting movements of a limb to allow healing.

Medicines

• Prescribed medication: Medicine available only through a doctor's prescription.
• Over-the-counter remedy: Medicine available without a prescription.
• Implants: Devices or tissues placed inside or on the surface of the body.
• Capsules: Gelatin shells containing medicine inside.
• Oral tablet: Pill swallowed through the mouth.
• Sublingual tablet: Pill placed under the tongue to be absorbed through the salivary glands.
• Patches: Cold or hot pieces applied to specific areas to ease pain.
• Nasal spray: Medicine blown or driven through the nose in the form of tiny drops.
• Oral spray: Medicine blown or driven through the mouth in the form of tiny drops.
• Ophthalmic drop: Eye drop.
• Ear drop: Medicine blown or driven through the ear in the form of tiny drops.
• Powder: Dry, solid substance composed of finely divided drugs with or without excipients.
• Gel: Jelly-like medicine.
• Cream: Water-soluble medicinal preparation applied to the skin.
• Lotion: Liquid, usually aqueous, medicinal preparation applied externally for skin disorders.
• Ointment: Oil-base preparation applied to the skin or eye.
• Liquid medicine: Aqueous medicine.
• Injectables: Medicine administered using a needle.
• Suppository: Solid medical preparation inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve.
• Inhaler: Device that gets mist medicine directly into a person's lungs.

Key Facts

• Bone tissue is composed of four types of cells: osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteoprogenitor cells.
• Osteoblasts build bone, osteoclasts break down bone, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue.
• The bloodstream supplies bone tissue with nutrients and oxygen to maintain its health and function.
• The heart pumps blood to reach bones through the circulatory system.
• The brain sends signals through the nervous system to control the body's movements, including those related to the skeletal system.
• Muscles contract and relax to move bones.
• Ligaments provide stability to joints.
• Muscles, ligaments, and tendons all work together to coordinate movement.
• Calcium is an essential mineral involved in bone formation, and vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium.
• Bones are living tissues that continue to grow and remodel throughout life.
• The skeletal system plays a vital role in protecting internal organs, supporting the body, and enabling movement.
• The process of developing a new drug involves extensive research, testing, and evaluation.
• Ensuring the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals is a primary focus in the drug development process.