Grade 11 Practical Research 1 PDF

GOOD DAY, GRADE 11 STUDENTS!  PRAYER May God the Father bless us. May God the Son heal us. May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us, and give us eyes to see with, ears to hear with, hands to the work of God with, feet to walk with, a mouth to preach the word...

GOOD DAY, GRADE 11 STUDENTS!  PRAYER May God the Father bless us. May God the Son heal us. May God the Holy Spirit enlighten us, and give us eyes to see with, ears to hear with, hands to the work of God with, feet to walk with, a mouth to preach the word of salvation with, and the Angel of peace to watch over us and lead us at last, by our Lord’s gift, to the Kingdom. Amen. Queen of the Most Holy Rosary. Pray for us. Our Father St. Dominic. Pray for us.  PRAYER Our Father, Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name. Thy Kingdom come, Thy Will be done, On earth as it is in Heaven. Give us this day, our daily bread, And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. HOW DO YOU FEEL TODAY? ACTIVITY TIME!  PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1  WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THE WORD “RESEARCH?”  LESSON 1 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH  Learning is your way of obtaining knowledge about your surroundings. This takes place in many ways, and one of these is inquiry, which many people in the field of education consider effective. “ WHAT IS INQUIRY ”  INQUIRY a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events.  INQUIRY You do this by investigating or asking questions about something you are inquisitive about. It requires you to collect data, meaning, facts, and information about the object of your inquiry, and examine such data carefully.  INQUIRY In your analysis, you execute varied thinking strategies that range from lower-order to higher-order thinking skills such as inferential, critical, integrative, and creative thinking.  INQUIRY Those top-level thinking strategies that you ought to perform in discovering and understanding the object of your inquiry. Engaging yourself in many ways of thinking, you come to conclude that inquiry is an active learning process.  INQUIRY A problem-solving technique. Solving a problem by being inquisitive, you tend to act like scientists who are inclined to think logically or systematically in seeking evidence to support their conclusions about something.  INQUIRY Inquiry elevates your thinking power. It makes you think in different ways, enabling you to arrive at a particular idea or understanding that will motivate you to create something unique, new, or innovative for your personal growth as well as for the world.  Governing Principles or Foundation of Inquiry Inquiry-based Learning gets its support from these three educational theories serving as its foundation: John Dewey's theory of connected experiences for exploratory and reflective thinking: Lev Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) that stresses the essence of provocation and scaffolding in learning, and Jerome Bruner's theory on learners' varied world perceptions for their own interpretative thinking of people and  Governing Principles or Foundation of Inquiry Backed up by all those theories, inquiry, as a way of learning, concerns itself with these elements: changing knowledge, creativity, subjectivity, socio-cultural factors, sensory experience, and higher-order thinking strategies.  Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning In conclusion, you can say that Inquiry- based Learning gives you the following advantages: 1. Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic skills 2. Improves student learning abilities 3. Widens learners' vocabulary  Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning In conclusion, you can say that Inquiry- based Learning gives you the following advantages: 4. Facilitates problem-solving acts 5. Increases social awareness and cultural knowledge 6. Encourages cooperative learning  Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning In conclusion, you can say that Inquiry- based Learning gives you the following advantages: 7. Provides mastery of procedural knowledge 8. Encourages higher-order thinking strategies 9. Hastens conceptual understanding Let’s Check your Understanding Tell me something about “INQUIRY”  WHAT ARE THE FOUNDATIONS OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING?  WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF INQUIRY- BASED LEARNING? LET’S TALK ABOUT RESEARCH  “ WHAT IS RESEARCH ”  RESEARCH A process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research.  RESEARCH Research requires you to inquire or investigate about your chosen research topic by asking questions that will make you engage yourself in top-level thinking strategies of interpreting, analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing, appreciating, or creating to enable you to discover truths about the many things you tend to wonder about the topic of your research work. (Litchman 2013)  RESEARCH Analogous to inquiry, in that, both involve investigation of something through questioning. However, the meaning of research is more complicated than inquiry because it does not center mainly on raising questions about the topic, but also on carrying out a particular order of research stages.  RESEARCH Central to research is your way of discovering new knowledge, applying knowledge in various ways as well as seeing relationships of ideas, events, and situations. Research then puts you in a context where a problem exists.  RESEARCH You have to collect facts or information, study such data, and come up with a solution to the problem based on the results of your analysis. It is a process requiring you to work logically or systematically and collaboratively with others. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH 1. Accuracy. It must give correct or accurate, data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged. 2. Objectiveness. It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.  3. Timeliness. It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society. 4. Relevance. Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community  5. Clarity. It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language. 6. Systematic. It must take place in an organized or orderly manner. PURPOSES OF RESEARCH 1. To learn how to work independently 2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically 3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something 4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order thinking strategies (HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating 5. To improve your reading and writing skills  6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various techniques of gathering data and of presenting research findings 7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination or strong influence of a single textbook or of the professor's lone viewpoint or spoon feeding GOOD DAY! EVERYONE PRAYER HOW DO YOU FEEL TODAY? RECAP  TYPES OF RESEARCH Based on Application of Research Method Pure Applied Research Research finding ways to exploratory and driven by curiosity transform society  Based on Application of Research Method Is the research applied to theoretical or practical issues? If it deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things, it is a pure research. This type of re- search aims to increase your knowledge about something.  Based on Application of Research Method However, if your intention is to apply your chosen research to societal problems or issues, finding ways to make positive changes in society, you call your research, applied research. Based on Purpose of the Research ACTION DESCRIPTI RESEARCH VE - balances problem-solving actions RESEARCH -focuses more on “what” CORRELATIO EXPLORATO NAL RY RESEARCH RESEARCH - shows relationships - uncover the underlying causes EXPLANAT ORY RESEARCH - Provides a deeper  Based on Purpose of the Research Depending on your objective or goal in conducting research, you do any of these types of research: descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, or action.  Descriptive Research -This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc. This is liable to repeated research because its topic relates itself only to a certain period or a limited number of years. Based on the results of your descriptive studies about a subject, you develop the inclination of conducting further studies on such topic. Correlational Research - A correlational research shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research. It is only concerned in indicating the existence of a relationship, not the causes and ways of the development of such relationship. Explanatory Research -This type of research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists. Exploratory Research - An exploratory research's purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic. Here, you will discover ideas on topics that could trigger your interest in conducting research studies.  Action Research -This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community, or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system. Based on Types of Data Needed Based on Types of Data Needed What are your thoughts? Based on Types of Data Needed Based on Types of Data Needed Based on Types of Data Needed  Based on Types of Data Needed The kind of data you want to work on reflects whether you wish to do a quantitative or a qualitative research.  Qualitative research requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses words rather than numbers to express the results, the inquiry, or investigation about people's thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study. These opinionated answers from people are not measurable; so, verbal language is the right way to express your findings in a qualitative research.  Meanwhile, quantitative research involves measurement of data. Thus, it presents research findings referring to the number or frequency of something in numerical forms (i.e., using percentages, fractions, numbers).  The data you deal with in research are either primary or secondary data. Primary data are obtained through direct observation or contact with people, objects, artifacts, paintings, etc. Primary data are new and original information resulting from your sensory experience.  However, if such data have already been written about or reported on and are available for reading purposes, they exist as secondary data. APPROACHES OF RESEARCH  After choosing your topic for research, what is your next move? In other words how are you going to approach or begin your research, deal with your date and establish a connection among all things or activities involved in your research? There are three approaches that you can choose from  TRIANGULATI ON APPROACH SCIENTIFIC NATURALISTI APPROACH C APPROACH  TRIANGULATI ON APPROACH SCIENTIFIC NATURALISTI APPROACH C APPROACH suitable for quantitative research.  TRIANGULATI ON APPROACH SCIENTIFIC NATURALISTI APPROACH C APPROACH suitable for quantitative research. deal with qualitative data  TRIANGULATI ON APPROACH combine or mix up research approaches SCIENTIFIC NATURALISTI APPROACH C APPROACH suitable for quantitative research. deal with qualitative data  TA S/P A NA The first is the scientific or positive approach, in which you discover and measure information as well as observe and control variables in an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables. This method is suitable for quantitative research.  The second approach is the naturalistic approach. In contrast to the scientific approach that uses numbers to express data, it uses words. This approach directs you to deal with qualitative data that speak of how people behave toward their surroundings.  Combining these two approaches in designing your research leads you to the third one, called triangulation approach. In this case, you are free to gather and analyze data using multiple methods, allowing you to combine or mix up research approaches, research types, data gathering, and data analysis techniques. Triangulation approach gives you the opportunity to view every angle of the research from different perspectives. GOOD DAY, GRADE 11 STUDENTS! PRAYER HOW DO YOU FEEL TODAY? RECAP  LESSON 1 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH  INQUIRY AND RESEARCH  Inquiry is asking questions to obtain information. This is an investigation to discover new information that could add to an existing knowledge to clarify doubts and even to solve existing problems. It involves checking the credibility and validity of available information, clarifying points of view, and drawing inferences, conclusions, and meaning.  The word research, on the other hand, can be broken down into "re" and "search" to mean "to look again." Research then is reexamining and reinvestigating a particular topic or issue following logical steps. Asking the question sets the focus of the investigation and defines what needs to be answered. This is the starting point of the search for the appropriate data that could help understand the issue at hand. RESEARCH PROCESS  Identification of Literature review Setting the direction of the problem the study Collecting, Evaluation and report Community analyzing, and writing application or interpreting data utilization of research  Research Process The research process describes the various steps the study will pass through starting from identification of the problem to utilization of the results of the study. The whole process is listed as follows: Identification of the problem Literature review Setting the direction of the study Collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data Evaluation and report writing Community application or utilization of research  a. Identification of the Problem The first step in research writing is to identify and problematize an area of interest. The researcher points out the area that needs further study or investigation given the current state of knowledge on the matter.  b. Literature Review After the problem has been identified, the researcher checks for related materials on the topic that are available that could serve as a starting point or reference for the study. The materials provide the initial view of the extent of efforts done to study the topic as well as the areas that need further research often called the gap. The research gap will be the basis for the purpose of the study.  c. Setting the Direction of Study This contains the purpose of the study, the research questions, and the manner in which the study will be conducted or the methodology. The purpose of the study explains why the study is needed. It identifies the importance of the study in terms of its contribution to the discipline as well as its impact on society or its social value. The research questions narrow down the problem to manageable and feasible tasks which will be carried out in the methodology. Methodology describes how to obtain and process the materials and information needed to answer the research questions.  d. Collecting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Data At this stage, the materials and needed information are gathered, analyzed, and interpreted. The treatment of the data depends on the approach that will be used appropriate for the study.  e. Evaluation and Report Writing From the analyzed data, conclusion and learning are drawn. The conclusion is the synthesized answer to the research questions which is also the answer to the problem identified in the study. The conclusion of the study will be the basis for the recommendations that define the actions and interventions that could impact the context where the problem emanates. From this point, the researcher is now ready to write the whole research paper.  f. Community Application or Utilization of Research This is the stage where the result of the study is disseminated back to the community. For a research to make an impact on society, it is important that it is shared especially with the community concerned. This is best complemented with a plan on how research will be utilized to realize its full potential in creating a social value. Characteristics of a Good Research  Rigorous Replicable Accurate -systematic, scientific, and -have a wide range of -actual response / data logical. applicability. Objective - unbiased and credible Ethical -confidentiality / data protection  The qualities of a good research can be derived from how effective and efficient it is in achieving its purpose to create a value. The qualities can be summarized into five major characteristics: a. Rigorous. The conduct of research must be systematic, scientific, and logical. It must follow clear and logical procedures aimed at answering the research problem. Each step must be properly justified in terms of appropriateness. b. Replicable. The procedures utilized in research must be replicable in other contexts and the results must have a wide range of applicability. It is not enough that the results are only true for a single situation. They must have a certain degree of generalizability.  c. Accurate. The data that will be used to answer the questions must be representative of the actual responses of the participants or actual data as recorded in the instruments used  d. Objective. In the analysis of data, the personal bias of the researcher must be managed well. Personal inclinations or desired results must be always avoided. Otherwise, the result will not be credible. e. Ethical. Data or information from respondents must be handled with utmost confidentiality and honesty. Credit must also be given where it is due. Anonymity refers to the identity of the respondents from which it needs to be confidential.  Ethics in Research A research, especially those that involve human participants and animals, must pass through an ethics review board. The ethics review board makes sure that no rights are violated in the conduct of the study and related laws are observed like the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The critical areas that are subject for ethical evaluation include the protection of the participants protocols in data gathering, and proper reporting. The rights of the participants are paramount in the conduct of research. It is vital that their identities are kept confidential and in anonymity It is important that their consent is sought before participating through the informed consent  Ethics in Research Reporting of the study requires intellectual honesty and commitment to create social values. Sources are to be properly cited, and credit is given to where it is due. Plagiarism and intellectual dishonesty too have no place in research. Any manipulation of data could be detrimental to the welfare of the community involved. Further, credible results of the study must not just be kept in libraries but must be shared and disseminated to make real impact on society. THANK YOU CLOSING PRAYER