Engineering Drawing Practical (PDF)

 Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:01 Identification & Introduction of various types of drawing instruments and drawing papers. Drawin...

 Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:01 Identification & Introduction of various types of drawing instruments and drawing papers. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 1  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Ø Drawing Board: A drawing board is a large flat board, often fixed to a metal frame so that it looks like a desk, on which you place your paper when you are drawing or designing something. Ø Drawing Sheet: A drawing sheet is a blank surface used for drawing, sketching, Architectural or Engineering drawing. Some of the most commonly used types of the paper include Drawing paper, Graph paper ,Copy paper, Bond paper, Cardstock, Glossy paper, Matte paper, Newsprint, Tissue paper, Construction Paper, Watercolor paper, Coated Paper, Tracing paper, and Water marked paper. S/No TYPE OF PAPER S/No TYPE OF PAPER S/No TYPE OF PAPER 01. Drawing paper 11. Coated Paper 21. Perforated Paper 02. Graph paper 12. Tracing paper 22. Filter Paper Water marked paper Laser Paper 03. Copy paper 13. 23. paper 04. Bond paper 14. Thermal Paper 24. Inkjet Paper 05. Cardstock 15. Recycled Paper 25. Magnetic Paper 06. Glossy paper 16. Carbonless Paper 26. Heat Transfer Paper 07. Matte paper 17. Art Paper 27. Silk Paper 08. Newsprint 18. Cotton Paper 28. Tobacco Paper 09. Tissue paper 19. Tag paper 29. Shoe Paper 10. Construction Paper 20. Wall Paper 30 Blueprint Paper STANDARD PAPER/SHEET SIZE’S Dimension In ( MM) Dimension In ( INCHES) S/No Name Of Page Height X Width Height X Width 01. A0 1189 X 841 46.8 X 33.1 02. A1 841 X 594 33.1 X 23.4 03. A2 594 X 420 23.4 X 16.5 04. A3 420X 297 16.5 X 11.7 05. A4 297X 210 11.7 X 8.3 06. A5 210 X 148 8.3 X 5.8 07. B0 1414 X 1000 55.7 X 39.4 08. B1 1000 X 707 39.4 X 27.8 09 B2 707 X 500 27.8 X19.7 10. B3 500 X 353 19.7 X 13.9 11. B4 353 X 250 13.9 X 9.8 12. B5 250 X 176 9.8 X 6.9 13. Letter 279 X 216 11 X 8.5 14. Legal 356 X 216 14X 8.5 15. Govt: Letter 267 X 203 10.5X 8 16. Govt: Legal 330 X 216 13.5X 8.5 Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 2  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Ø T-SQUARE: A T-square is a drafting tool with a long, straight blade and a perpendicular handle, forming a T- shape. It's used to draw straight horizontal lines accurately on a drawing board or table, making it indispensable for precise technical drawing and drafting. Ø RULER OR SCALE: A ruler or scale is a measuring tool with marked units used to determine lengths or distances accurately in drawings, designs, or physical objects. Ø PROTRACTOR: A protractor is a tool used for measuring and drawing angles, consisting of a semi-circular or circular disk with degree markings and movable arms. Ø FRENCH CURVES: French curves are flexible drafting tools with curved edges of various radii, used for drawing smooth, irregular curves in technical drawing and design. Ø SET OF PENCIL’S: A set of pencils is a collection of pencils with varying lead grades or types, typically ranging from soft to hard leads, used for drawing, sketching, and shading. Ø SET-SQUARE: set square typically has two sides, one longer than the other, meeting at a right angle. The angle formed between these two sides is always 90 degrees. These may include angles such as 45 degrees, 30 degrees, or 60 degrees, depending on the specific set square. Ø COMPASS: A compass is a drawing tool used to create circles and arcs in geometry, drafting, and technical drawing. Ø DIVIDER: A divider is a drafting tool consisting of two pointed legs joined at a hinge, used for measuring and transferring distances or for drawing circles and arcs with a fixed radius. v LAB ACTIVITY: Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 3  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:02 Introduction of line and its types.To draw the different lines of engineering drawing with the help of measuring scale with mention fig no 2-1 Ø APPRATUS: Drawing Board, Drawing Sheet, Sheet Pins/Tape, Geometry Box, T-Square, Set-Square, Set Of Scales, Protractors. Ø THEORY: · LINE: · In Mathematics: A line is a straight, one-dimensional figure that extends infinitely in both directions. It has no thickness and is defined by two points. · In Art/Design: A line is a continuous mark made on a surface that can vary in width, direction, and length. It is one of the basic elements used to create shapes, forms, and compositions. In essence, a line is a connection between two points, either real or implied. Ø TYPES OF LINE: S/NO NAME OF LINE S/NO NAME OF LINE Continuous Thick / Continuous Wide 01 09 Chain thin double dashed line (Straight or Curved) Continuous Thin (Narrow) 02 10 Dimension Line (Straight OR Curved) 03 Continuous Thin (Narrow) (Free Hand) 11 Curved Line 04 Zig zag straight OR Long Break Line 12 Perpendicular Line 05 Dashed thick /thin (Wide) 13 Parallel Line 06 Chain Line/Center Line 14 Railway track line 07 Cutting Plane Line 15 Castle Line 08 Hatching Line 16 Leader OR Pointer Line MOST IMPORTANT LINES 01 Outer Line 05 Poly Line 02 Margin Line 06 Border Line 03 Extension Line/Projection Line 07 Lighting Line 04 Construction Line Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 4  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 5  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) · LAB ACTIVITY: Draw the picture given below on the drawing sheet. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 6  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 7  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:03 To draw the straight line at 0°,30°,45°,60°, 90° by using measuring scale and protractors. APPRATUS: Drawing Board, Drawing Sheet, Sheet Pins/Tape, Geometry Box, T-Square, Set-Square, Set Of Scales, Protractors. PROCEDURE: The length of longer side, drawing side is divided into number of parts and marked 1,2,3,4,5,6 etc · Place the set-square on drawing sheet. · Align one side of the set set square with the horizontal line. · Use the other side of the set square to draw a line intersecting the horizontal line at a specific point. · The angle you draw will depend on the orientation and alignment of the set square. v For Example: · To draw a 15-degree angle , use the smaller angle on the set-square. · To draw a 30-degree angle, use the smaller angle and align it differently. · To Draw a 60-degree angle, use the larger angle on the flipped set-square. · To draw a 90-degree angle, align one side of the set square perpendicular to the horizontal line. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 8  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:04 To draw angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, 150° and 160° with the only help of set square. Apparatus: Drawing Board, T-Square, Set-Square & Rulers, Geometry Box ,Drawing Sheet, Drawing Sheet Pin/Masking Tape. Procedure: Drawing various angles using only a set square (which typically includes 45° and 30°/60° set squares) involves a combination of these standard angles. Here's a step-by-step procedure for drawing each angle: Steps: 1. Drawing a 15° Angle: o Use the 30°/60° set square to draw a 30° angle. o Bisect the 30° angle to get a 15° angle. (You can bisect an angle by drawing an arc from the vertex and using the intersection points on the two lines to draw another arc that intersects the initial arc. The intersection point of the two arcs gives you a line that bisects the angle.) 2. Drawing a 30° Angle: o Use the 30°/60° set square to draw the 30° angle directly. 3. Drawing a 45° Angle: o Use the 45° set square to draw the 45° angle directly. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 9  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) 4. Drawing a 60° Angle: o Use the 30°/60° set square to draw the 60° angle directly. 5. Drawing a 75° Angle: o Draw a 90° angle (using the edge of the set square). o Subtract a 15° angle from the 90° angle (you already know how to draw a 15° angle from the 30° angle). 6. Drawing a 90° Angle: o Use the edge of the set square to draw a 90° angle directly. 7. Drawing a 105° Angle: o Draw a 90° angle. o Add a 15° angle to the 90° angle. 8. Drawing a 120° Angle: o Draw a 60° angle. o Extend the line to the opposite side to get 120° (since 60° on one side means 120° on the other). 9. Drawing a 135° Angle: o Draw a 90° angle. o Add a 45° angle to the 90° angle. 10. Drawing a 150° Angle: o Draw a 60° angle. o Extend the line to the opposite side to get 120°. o Add a 30° angle to the 120° angle. 11. Drawing a 160° Angle: o Draw a 120° angle. o Add a 40° angle (you can draw a 45° angle and subtract 5°, but since 40° is not directly possible with a set square, use a protractor to verify or adjust if necessary). Verifying Angles: · After drawing each angle, use a protractor to verify the accuracy of your angles. · If any adjustments are needed, use the set squares and ruler to make fine adjustments. v This process requires some skill and practice to get accurate results, especially when bisecting angles and combining different angles. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 10  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:05 Introduction Of Dimensions, Scale & Its Types. APPARATUS: Drawing Board, T-Square, Set-Square & Rulers, Geometry Box ,Drawing Sheet, Drawing Sheet Pin/Masking Tape. THEORY: DIMENSION: In Technical Drawing, dimension are. A numeric value expressed in measurable units such as, meters, centimeters, millimeters, Feet’s, inches, etc that define the size, location, or orientation of a geometrical part of object. In a general sense, dimension refers to the measurement or extent of a particular object or space in one or more directions. It is fundamental concept in geometry and physics, representing the size, Length, Width, Height, or Depth of an entity. We use dimensions when details of particular geometrical part or object is needed. TYPES OF DIMENSION: 1.One Dimension (1D). Represents length along a single straight line. Example. A point on a line 2.Two Dimension (2D). Represents objects in a plane with both length and width Examples. Geometric shapes like as Rectangular Square, Circles, Triangles object. Three Dimension (3D). Represents objects in space with Length, Width, and Height (or Depth). Examples: Cubes, Spheres, Buildings, OR any physical Objects. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 11  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 12  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 13  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:06 Construct Regular Polygon with the help Set-Square , Protractor & T-Square. APPARATUS: Drawing Board, T-Square, Set-Square & Rulers, Geometry Box ,Drawing Sheet, Drawing Sheet Pin/Masking Tape. THEORY: Definition Of Polygon: Polygon is the combination of two words, poly (means many) and gon (means sides). A polygon is a 2D geometric figure with straight sides, formed by connecting line segments. These segments create corners or vertex where angles are formed. Examples include triangles. Unlike curved shapes like circles, polygons have defined sides and angles. While all polygon are 2D shapes, not all 2D figures, like circles, are considered polygons due to their curved nature and lack of straight sides. · Guidelines for Constructing Polygons: Polygon= Closed + Straight lines Parts of polygon= Side, Angle, Vertex Sum of interior angles = (n-2)×180o Measures of each interior angles in a decagon = Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 14  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) HOW MANY TYPES OF POLYGON (There are eight types of polygon’s) S/No Name Of Polygon S/No Name Of Polygon 1. Triangle 2. Quadrilateral 3. Pentagon 4. Hexagon 5. Heptagon 6. Octagon 7. Nonagon 8. Decagon 1) Triangle A triangle is a three-sided polygon with three straight sides and three angles. The sum of its interior angle is always 180 degrees. Triangles are fundamental geometric shapes and can be classified based on side lengths and angles measures into types like equilateral, isosceles, or scalene. 2) Quadrilateral A quadrilateral is a four-sided with straight sides and four angles. The total of its inside angles always adds up to 360 degrees. Examples of quadrilaterals include rectangles, squares, parallelograms, and trapezoids, each with distinct characteristics determined by their side lengths and angle measures Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 15  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) 3) Pentagon Here, “Penta” denotes five and “gon” denotes angles. A pentagon is a polygon with five straight sides and five angles. It is a flat, two-dimensional shape. The sum of the interior angles in a pentagon is always 540 degrees. Common applications of pentagon shapes; Example: Home, plate in Baseball, Traffic signs, Military badges. 4) Hexagon A hexagon is a six-sided shape with straight sides. The total angles inside a hexagon add up to 720 degrees. Hexagon can be regular with equal sides and angles or irregular with differences in side length and angles. Examples are found in nature, like honeycombs, and in everyday objects such as nuts and bolts. 5) Heptagon A heptagon is a polygon that has seven sides. It is a closed figure having 7 vertices. A heptagon is also sometimes called Septagon. The sum of interior angles in a heptagon is always 900 degrees. Heptagons are mostly used in design and art for their appearances. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 16  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) 6) Octagon An octagon is a closed two-dimensional figure with eight sides, eight vertices and eight interior angles, the sum of its interior angles is 1080 degrees. Common applications of octagon shapes; Gazebo, Signboard at the signals and Umbrella etc. 7) Nonagon A nonagon is a closed two-dimensional figure with 9 straight sides, 9 vertices, and 9 interior angles. The sum of all the interior angles of a nonagon is equal to 1260 degrees. Common applications of nonagon shapes; Garden pavilions, Drinking Glass& Dishes. 8) Decagon A decagon is a polygon with ten sides and ten angles. It can be either regular, with equal sides and angles, or irregular. The sum of interior angles is always 1440 degrees. Common applications of decagon shapes; Coasters, music drums, watches, & cutlery. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 17  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) · SOME EXAMPLES: · What is the procedure for creating a plygon in Autocad? DRAWING OF POLYGON: Creates an equilateral closed polyline, A polygon is a polyline object. AUTOCAD draws polyline with zero width and no tangent information. a. At the command prompt enter polygon(Pol) b. Number of sides : enter a value between 3 and 1024 or press enter Edge/: specify a point (1) or enter. · Draw the practical sheet: Draw the polygons with the help of T-square, set-square and protractor. Mention the external and internal angle, dimension in each polygon. When you make 8th polygons on a single sheet. you will have to set the scale first because without scale up will not work. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 18  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:07 To draw the projection of points, when point is in 1st & 2nd quadrant. APPARATUS: Drawing Board, T-Square, Set-Square & Rulers, Geometry Box ,Drawing Sheet, Drawing Sheet Pin/Masking Tape. PROCEDURE: Notation to be Followed 1. Actual points in space are denoted by capital letters A, B, C. 2. Their front views are denoted by their corresponding lower case letters with dashes a’, b’, d’ etc., and their top views by the lower case letters a, b, c etc. 3. Projectors are always drawn as continuous thin lines. Methodology Let a Point A is 40 mm above HP and 60 mm in front of the V.P. Draw its front and top view. Figure. 1. The point A lies in the 1st Quadrant as shown in fig. (a). 2. Looking from the front, the point lies 40 mm above H.P. A-a’ is the projector perpendicular to V.P. Hence a’ is the front view of the point A and it is 40 mm above the xy line. 3. To obtain the top view of A, look from the top. Point A is 60mm in front ofV.P. A-a is the projector perpendicular to H.P Hence, a is the top view of the point A and it is 60 mm in front of xy. 4. To convert the projections a’ and a obtained in the pictorial view into orthographic projection the following steps are needed. (a) Rotate the H.P about the xy line through 90° in the clockwise direction as shown. (b) After rotation, the first quadrant is opened out and the H.P occupies the position vertically below the V.P line. Also, the point a on H.P will trace a quadrant of a circle with 0 as centre and o-a as radius. Now a occupies the position just below o. The line joining al and a, called the projector, is perpendicular to xy (Fig.b). 5. To draw the orthographic projections. Note: (a) Front view: Draw the xy line and draw projector at any point on it. Mark a’40mm above xy on the projector. (b) Top view: on the same projector, mark a 60 mm below xy. (Fig. c) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 19  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) OBJECT: To draw the projection of points, when point is in 2nd quadrant. APPARATUS: Geometry box, drawing sheet pins/tape set-square, T-square and drawing board. PROCEDURE: Notation to be Followed 1. Actual points in space are denoted by capital letters A, B, C. 2. Their front views are denoted by their corresponding lower case letters with dashes a’, b’ , d’ etc., and their top views by the lower case letters a, b, c etc. 3. Projectors are always drawn as continuous thin lines. Methodology Let A Point B is 30 mm above HP and 40 mm behind V.P Draw its projection. Figure. 1. The point B lies in the 2ndQuadrant fig. (a). 2. It is 30 mm above H.P and b’ is the front view ofB and is 30 mm above xy. 3. To obtain the orthographic projections from the pictorial view rotate H.P by 90° about xy as shown in Fig. (a.) Now the H.P coincides with V.P and both the front view and top view are now seen above xy. b on the H.P will trace a quadrant of a circle with 0 as centre and ob as radius. Now b occupies the position above o. 4. To draw the orthographic projections; draw xy line on which a projector is drawn at any point. Mark on it b’ 30 mm above xy on this projector. 5. Mark b 40 mm above xy on the same projector. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 20  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:08 To draw the projection of points, when point is in 3rd & 4th quadrant. OBJECT: To draw the projection of points, when point is in 3rdquadrant APPARATUS: Geometry box, drawing sheet pins/tape set-square, T-square and drawing board. PROCEDURE: Notation to be Followed 1. Actual points in space are denoted by capital letters A, B, C. 2. Their front views are denoted by their corresponding lower case letters with dashes a’, b’, d’ etc., and their top views by the lower case letters a, b, c etc. 3. Projectors are always drawn as continuous thin lines. Methodology Let A Point A is 40 mm above HP and 60 mm in front of V.P. Draw its front and top view. Figure. 1. The point C is in the 3rdQuadrant 2. C is 40 mm below H.P Hence cl is 40 mm below xy. 3. Draw xy and draw projector at any point on it. Mark cl 40 mm below xy on the projector. 4. C is 30 mm behind V.P. So, c’ is 30 mm behind xy. Hence in the orthographic projections mark c 30 mm above xy on the above projector. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 21  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) OBJECT: To draw the projection of points, when point is in 4thquadrant APPARATUS: Geometry box, drawing sheet pins/tape set-square, a T-square and drawing board. PROCEDURE: Notation to be Followed 1. Actual points in space are denoted by capital letters A, B, C. 2. Their front views are denoted by their corresponding lower case letters with dashes a’, b’ , d’ etc., and their top views by the lower case letters a, b, c etc. 3. Projectors are always drawn as continuous thin lines. Methodology Leta point D is 30 mm below HP and 40 mm in front of V.P. Draw its projection. Figure. 1. The point D is in the 4th Quadrant. 2. D is 30 mm below H.P. Hence, d’, is 30 mm below xy. Draw xy line and draw a projector perpendicular to it. Mark d’ 30 mm below xy on the projector. 3. D is 40 mm in front of V.P; so, d is 40 mm in front ofxy. Therefore, mark d 40 mm below xy. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 22  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:09 Introduction Engineering Hatches. To draw the different hatches of engineering components Ø APPRATUS: Drawing Board, Drawing Sheet, Sheet Pins/Tape, Geometry Box, T-Square, Set-Square, Set Of Scales, Protractors. Ø THEORY: v Definition Of Hatch: · Hatching is the technique of using parallel lines or strokes to show the shape, direction, or orientation of an object. · It can also help to differentiate different parts of building materials in elevation, section and layout plans. v Hatching Angles: · Drawings conforming to Standards should only use 45° and 135° hatching angles and it's very time-consuming to change the angle of every hatching by Hand. S/NO NAME OF HATCH S/NO NAME OF HATCH 01 Brick Hatching (use for Elevation) 10 Water Hatching 02 Concrete / R.C.C Components Hatching 11 Earth filling Hatching 03 Flooring Hatching 12 Wood Hatching 04 Roof Side Hatching (Use for Elevation) 13 Bed Rock Hatching 05 Flooring Tile Hatching 14 Brick Wall Hatching (for section) 06 Sand/Plaster Hatching 15 Glass Hatching 07 Landscaping/Grass Hatching 16 Marble Hatching 08 Gravel Hatching 17 Remp Hatching 09 Concrete Block Hatching Ø NAME & HATCHES PICTURES: Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 23  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Ø v LAB LABCTIVITY · Draw a rectangle with dimensions of( 5’X2’-6”) and in it all the hatches that we have discussed above will be drawn separately up in it. · The scale I have taken is from feet to inches , you will first convert it to scale and then draw it on the drawing sheet. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 24  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:10 Introduction of Isometric view, Perspective View, Plan, Elevation & Section. To draw the isometric view of Brick & 3 steps of stair. Ø APPRATUS: Drawing Board, Drawing Sheet, Sheet Pins/Tape, Geometry Box, T-Square, Set- Square, Set Of Scales, Protractors. Ø THEORY: PLAN : Plan means two dimensional layout a residential or other related design, ELEVATION : Elevation is front, Rear and side view of a plan. SECTION : Section means cutting some part of the interior plan to make the plan internal elevation and to see the detail material of the plan. Riser and Tread Representation: Each step has a vertical part called the riser and a horizontal part called the tread. The elevation view would clearly show these elements, usually as rectangles stacked on top of each other. Height and Depth: The total height of the three steps (sum of the riser heights) and the depth (sum of the tread depths) will be visible. The height will usually be measured from the floor to the top of the last step. Draw the Plan View: Start by drawing the top view of the stairs, showing the layout and footprint. Indicate the stair width, number of steps, and the direction of ascent with an arrow. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 25  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Draw the Elevation View: · Riser Height: The vertical distance from one step to the next. · Tread Depth: The horizontal distance between the edges of one step to the next. · Number of Steps: The total number of steps in the staircase. · Total Height: The overall height from the bottom floor to the top of the staircase Step:01:Draw the Baseline Start by drawing a horizontal line that represents the floor level where the staircase begins. Step 02: Draw the First Riser From the starting point on the baseline, draw a vertical line upwards representing the height of the first riser. Step 03: Draw the First Tread From the top of the first riser, draw a horizontal line to the right. This line represents the depth of the tread. The length of this line should match the depth of the tread. Step 04: Draw the Remaining Steps Repeat the process: 1. Draw another vertical line from the end of the tread line to represent the second riser. 2. Draw a horizontal line from the top of the second riser to represent the second tread. 3. Continue this process until all steps are drawn. Draw the Side View: Create a side view of the stairs, showing the risers (vertical parts) and treads (horizontal parts). Label the height of each riser, the depth of each tread, and the total rise and run of the staircase. v LAB LABCTIVITY · Draw the 3 steps of staircase and make its Plan, Elevation, Left & Right side views. · I have not defined the scale because you will create the Elevation, Side view and plan will be feet and inches , but you will convert it to scale and the scale up it self will be magnified. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 26  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:11 Introduction to AutoCAD software and to know about Short Keys. Ø APPRATUS: Drawing Board, Drawing Sheet, Sheet Pins/Tape, Geometry Box, T-Square, Set-Square, Set Of Scales, Protractors. Ø THEORY: INTRODUCTION OF AUTOCAD SOFTWARE: DEFINITION: AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer-aided design software application for desktop, web, and mobile developed by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982 (41 years ago) for the CP/M and IBM PC platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. WIKIPEDIA Initial release date: December 1982 Developer: Autodesk, John Walker Available in: 14 languages Operating system: Windows, macOS, iOS, Android Stable release: AutoCAD 2025 (25.0) / March 26, 2024; 5 months ago USES The benefits of using AutoCAD in civil engineering · AutoCAD makes it easy to create accurate 2D and 3D models of your design ideas. · This can help you visualize your project before construction begins and make sure everything is planned correctly. · Civil engineers use AutoCAD for building design to plan, design, and visualize different aspects of a construction project, such as Site Development , Transportation Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering, structural Design, architectural working drawings, mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, and plumbing systems. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 27  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 28  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:12 & 13 Introduction to AutoCAD software and to know about UNITS & Dimensions in AutoCAD. To know the procedure and usage of different commands of DRAW, PROPERTIES, INQUAIRY and DIMENSIONS tool bar. Ø Interface Of Autocad Software: As soon as AutoCAD installed, the interface that opens will look like the image below. Ø Draw, Properties, Inquairy & Dimension Tool Bar: Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 29  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Ø Interface Of Units Setting Tool Bar In AutoCAD, you can configure the input & output units for any drawing by following these steps. (1). Click on Format Tool (2). Click on Dimension Style (To change the input units) (3). Click on Units (To set the output units) Ø What are the stepsto save a drawing file in AutoCad. (1). Click on FILE (2). Click on Save as ( Enter your Name & Roll #) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 30  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 31  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) v LAB LABCTIVITY: As we have discussed shortcuts with figures and properties in practice, the same setup applies to creating a practical drawing sheet. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 32  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:14 To draw irregular closed figure and calculated its area and perimeter in AutoCAD. Ø APPRATUS: v Using AutoCAD Software OR manually calculate area on drawing sheet. v Look at the picture below, which shows the area to be calculated for the entire area of site plan. Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 33  Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Subject: Engineering Drawing ( PRACTICAL ) PRACTICAL:15 To perform an open ended Lab ----------The End---------- Drawing Lab Engr’s: M. Ibrahim Shaikh Muzammil Mureed Tunio 34