States of Matter PDF
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This document provides notes on states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the characteristics of each state, like shape and volume, and how particles interact. The document also explains phase changes and the concept of kinetic energy in relation to temperature.
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Name: States of Matter Notes: Additional Notes: he three states of matter that we will be studying this year are solids, liquids and gases. There are other T states of matter t...
Name: States of Matter Notes: Additional Notes: he three states of matter that we will be studying this year are solids, liquids and gases. There are other T states of matter too, such as plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. olids are materials that have a definite shape and S volume. They cannot be compressed because the particles are very close together, often in a regular arrangement. The particles in a solid are close together because they have strong attractions for each other, these attractions are called Intermolecular Forces, or IMF. The strong IMF found in solids means that the particles move very little – they generally only have vibrational motion. iquids have the ability to take the shape of a container, but they have L a fixed volume. The particles in a liquid are generally slightly further apart than in a solid, but because the particles are very close together they cannot be compressed. Liquids usually have weaker attractive forces than solids, and they can vibrate like a solid but they can also slide past each other, this is translational motion. ases will take the shape and the G volume of the container that they are placed in. The particles of a gas are very far apart, compared with the size of the particles themselves. This means that gases are very compressible. The gas particles are in constant random motion, moving in straight lines until they collide with each other or the walls of the container when they will bounce and change direction. Gases have vibrational, translational and rotational energy. hen one state of matter changes into another, W these are called phase changes. hase changes are considered physical changes P because the material chemically stays the same. or example, when liquid water freezes or F evaporates it still remains the same chemical substance, H2O. The only things that have changed are the arrangement of the particles and the amount of energy contained in the substance. The energy that particles have due to their motion is called kinetic energy. Temperature is the way that we measure the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. nother way to change the state of matter is to add or remove pressure. In a gas barbecue tank there is A liquid propane. When the valve is opened the pressure is decreased and the liquid propane will turn into gaseous propane which is ready to ignite. I do: Answer: 1. I f a substance fills the container it is in completely and takes the shape of the container, what state 1. Gas of matter is the substance? 2. What is the name of the phase change from a gas to a solid? 2.Deposition 3. What phase of matter is shown in the image? 3. Solid We Do: 1. Given the following image, what phase is the substance? liquid 2. W hat is the name of the phase change that will occur if this material were to be cooled? Freezing/Fusion 3. C omplete the image to predict what this substance might look like if it were to be heated. You do: ) Consider the image provided. 1 What state of matter is represented? a) Solid b) Liquid c) Gas What is the name of the phase change that would occur if the substance were to be cooled? (choose all that could occur) a) Freezing b) Melting c) Boiling/vaporization d) Condensation e) Sublimation f ) Deposition 2) What is the name of the phase change represented by the images? a) Freezing b) Melting c) Boiling/vaporization d) Condensation e) Sublimation f ) Deposition 3) If a substance has its own volume but takes the shape of the container, what state of matter is it? Liquid 4) What type of matter only has vibrational kinetic energy? Solid 5) What is the name of the phase change when a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid? Sublimation 6) S ubstance that takes the shape and volume of the container is cooled until it undergoes a phase change. After the phase change it can still flow, but it no longer fills the container. What is the name of the phase change that occurred? Condensation
