Chemistry - States of Matter (Changing States) PDF

Chemistry – States of Matter Changing State  Learning Objective To understand how matter can change from one state to another. Success Criteria To list the different changes of state. To identify which change of state is happening. To describe what happens as...

Chemistry – States of Matter Changing State  Learning Objective To understand how matter can change from one state to another. Success Criteria To list the different changes of state. To identify which change of state is happening. To describe what happens as matter changes between states.  Start er What connects these pictures? Challenge: What is the opposite of your word?  States of Matter matter: Recap There are three states of solids liquids gases  Changing State Matter can change from one state to another. This means the particles will be arranged differently and so the properties of the substance will change. Identifying Changes Activity In pairs you have two minutes to define the keywords for each change of state from letters A to D! Timer D C One Time’s minute up! A remainin g! B Answe rs condensi ng evaporating melting freezing  New Keywords sublimation depositi on  New Keywords sublimation Dry ice happens because solid carbon dioxide sublimates at room temperature and turns straight into a gas! By Christopher from Salem, via Wikimedia Commons deposition Snow happens because gaseous water vapour deposits in clouds and turns straight into a solid! Photo courtesy of james_mann, via Flickr.com How Does This Happen? If particles in a liquid are heated up, they gain more kinetic energy and move further apart. evaporati ng If particles in a solid melti are heated up, they ng gain kinetic energy and move slightly apart. How Does This Happen? If particles in a gas are cooled, they have less kinetic energy and move condensi closer together. ng If particles in a liquid freezi are cooled, they have ng less kinetic energy and move even closer together.  Melting and Boiling Points The element with the highest melting point is tungsten. It has the symbol ‘W’ from the word ‘wolfram’ from the mineral it was discovered in. Tungsten comes from Swedish for ‘heavy stone’. Pause for Thought Tungsten is often used as the filament inside of lightbulbs - why do you think this is?  Melting and Boiling Points To overcome some of the forces between the particles and make tungsten melt from a solid into a liquid, you must heat it to 3422°C! To overcome all of the forces between the particles and make tungsten boil from a liquid into a gas, you must heat it to 5555°C!  Melting and Boiling Points The element with the lowest melting point is helium. It has the symbol ‘He’ from the Greek God ‘Helios’ who was thought to drive his chariot of the sun across the sky every day. Helium exists as a gas at room temperature and is often used in balloons as it is less dense than air.  Melting and Boiling To turn Points helium from a gas into a liquid you must cool it to below -268°C! To turn helium into a solid you must cool it even further to below -272°C!  Definitio Melting: a s. ns changing into a l Evaporating: a changing into a. Condensing: a changing into a. solid, liquid and Words to use: gas. Freezing: a changing into a. Key Terms Check your spelling as you write each term down.  Definitio Melting: a s. ns changing into a l Evaporating: a l changing into a g. Condensing: a g changing into a l. Challenge: Can you remember Freezing: a l changing into a s. the two new keywords? Key Terms Check your spelling as you write each term down.  Definitio Melting:ns a solid changing into a liquid. Evaporating: a liquid changing into a gas. Condensing: a gas changing into a liquid. Challeng Freezing: a liquid changing into a e: solid. Sublimation: a solid changing directly into a gas. Deposition: a gas changing directly into a solid.