PhilGov Reviewer PDF

PhilGov REVIEWER Defining Politics and Governance | By: Chasmine 1. Politics 2. Governance The exercise of power, the science of Related to politics, since politics is the art of government, the making of collective...

PhilGov REVIEWER Defining Politics and Governance | By: Chasmine 1. Politics 2. Governance The exercise of power, the science of Related to politics, since politics is the art of government, the making of collective governance. decisions, the allocations of scarce resources and the practice of management Exercise of power or authority by political and leadership. leaders for the well-being of the citizens. Characteristics of politics Characteristics of good governance 1. The making of collective decisions for a group of people. Participation – Directly or indirectly partake 2. Decisions are made by some members of in governmental processes. the group. Rule of Law – Impartiality of the legal framework & full protection of human Values of politics 1. Helps you to know your rights. rights & dignities. 2. Clarifies what you believe. Transparency – Information is freely 3. A living, breathing subject. accessible. 4. Helps you to understand our nation’s Responsiveness – Service to all parties. stakeholders with a reasonable timeframe. 5. Prepares you for adult life. Consensus-oriented – A general agreement of views or opinions and facts. 3. Government Group of people with the authority to Effectiveness and efficiency- Best govern a country or a state. performance within the available resources. The people is the government Equitable and inclusive - “fair & for all” Accountability – “Do you take full responsibility of your actions?” Classical to Modern Political Ideologies | By: Chasmine Ideology Some of the ideological and conceptual Basically defined as political bases of Marxism statements that aim to call upon massive mass or government A. Alienation action to achieve a relatively better The relation between two or more people political and economic condition. or parts of oneself in which one is cut off, a (Baradat 1997) stranger or alien, the others.  Political ideologies and their B. Class struggle impact on political communities Unfair compensation of the latter’s labour but also by setting up laws and standards, 1. conservatism controlling the system or the state to - Focused on conserving maintain its social status. something. - Characterized by a C. Materialism resistance to change. This ideology offers a complex perspective - Maintain traditional values and usage of materialism. - “Tampering with tradition is likely to bring grief rather D. Revolution than improvement” – Marxism considers proclaiming revolution Sargent 2009) as the way to change the system. 2. Liberalism 4. Anarchism Opposite of conservatism for its Popularly used to mean chaos due to the favors change, prefers more nonexistence of control mechanisms, the freedom, and has a more optimistic idea behind it is actually more on peaceful approach to human reasoning and coexistence and equality. nature. - Anarchism teaches that we can live - Classical liberalism adheres in a society where there is no to the laissez-faire system compulsion of any kind. proposed by Adam Smith. - It means freedom from being forced - The government does not or coerced, a chance to lead the life interfere with the market. that suits you best. - 3. Marxism 5. Libertarianism The political and economic theories This is another version of anarchism but of Karl Marx and fried rich Engels, involves the government in a minimal role later developed by their followers such as ensuring the safety of everyone to form the basis for the theory and and fairness in whatsoever contracts or practice of communism. dealings Nature, Forms, and Consequences of power | By: Myrrh Power The forms of power (Google) Includes force, authority, influence, and most of the time coercion. Political Power This is the power held by officials and 4 Types/Nature of Power institutions. 1. Compulsory - Executive: The President enforces The direct control of one actor of the laws. conditions and actions of another. - Legislative: Congress makes laws. 2. Institutional - Judiciary: The courts interpret laws. The indirect ways in which an actor affects another. Economic Power How economic elites (big businesses or 3. Structural wealthy individuals) can influence politics Basically looks at the position and the roles through donations. of various actors in relation to each other. - Like tax policies or business regulations. 4. Productive Looks into the relative positions of the Social Power actress, the social production of their roles This could involve the influence of religious and how the roles affect the actors leaders, media, or cultural icons. perception and action. - Key issues like governance, corruption, or human rights. State and Nation in the age of Globalization | By: Chasmine Nation Decolonization was hastened by different Is a more cultural and identity-based term. political and economic turmoil in both Europe and Asia in the 20th century, such State as the First and Second World Wars. Mainly refers to a political entity bounded by a territory and headed by a nation-states are now being threatened by government. a new type of order that some scholars claim has its roots in various historical Concept of Nation-State processes such as the colonization during the 16th century. Generally refers to a political unit with a defined territory, government, constituents Globalization is a process of interaction that more or less share the same culture and integration of every landscape in the and identity. planet ( finances, culture and social life and ideas) During the late 19th century and 20th century, the creation of nation-states was Globalization is a process that slowly experienced in Southeast Asia, following the changes things into one complex scheme decolonization process that started with the that transcends cultural, political, and social loss of Spanish control over the Philippines boundaries. in 1898.  Forms of Government | By: Myrrh Democracy Monarchy vs. Republic The rule of the people or the many. Both forms are holding individual power as head of State. Tyranny - Monarchy is ruled by king and The rule of one individual. heredity, while Republic is usually ruled by president chosen by people Oligarchy during election. The rule of the privileged law. Autocracy vs. Democracy Kingship or Monarchy - In autocracy, power is held by a Good version of tyranny. single, self-appointed ruler; its absolute form being dictatorship. Polity - Democracy, power resides with the Good version of democracy. people. Aristocracy Unitary State vs. Federal State Good version of Oligarchy. - A unitary state has a central government holding power with the capability to delegate or take back authority. - The Federal State has a central government with the main function of uniting several self-governing states or regions.