American History Final Check PDF

🪛 American History Final check My Notes for Key notes I → In the pre-colonial period, indigenous tribes in north america were in harmony, with a huge variety of rich traditions and cultures + songs, etc. passed down from generation to gen...

🪛 American History Final check My Notes for Key notes I → In the pre-colonial period, indigenous tribes in north america were in harmony, with a huge variety of rich traditions and cultures + songs, etc. passed down from generation to generation → Also they did actually have social structures → The huge variety of natives also includes the two-spirit people, which were seen as glorious people with important roles in society, meaning being a two- spirit person was seen holy → Everything changed in the early colonial period, when european settlers arrived → Decreasing the amount of indigenous people from estimated 2-18 million natives to roughly 250.000 natives … all done by intentionally spreading diseases and pursue of warfare → This also affected the social structure of indigenous tribes, including the life of two-spirit people who were seen as problematic and different, getting abandoned by society and left with a feeling of otherness American History Final check 1  → The literature in colonial period from the 17th - 18th century started with spanish writings and many others, documenting their experience on new land and the experience with indigenous people. Moreover, the authors included personal testimonials in their writings → In addition, the literature encouraged colonialization efforts and spreaded religious beliefs → Their writing style was also plainforward for clarity → Historical aspect of this period were mainly the ongoing conflicts between european settlers and the indigenous habitants → The creation of colonies such as Jameston and Plymouth → The colonial society, which were mainly agrarian → This literary period was essential for creating the distinct american literature, and highlighted themes such as America seeking freedom, identity and prosperity, My notes for the Key notes II → The 19th century marked the shift from agrarian to industrial economies, furthermore it led to urbanization … having made people moving to cities for factory jobs → The industrialization also upheld the ‘Separate-spheres’, meaning Men should be in the public sphere like in the work field and Women in private spheres such as home and family, reinforcing traditional roles and binary gender roles → Even the first womens right meeting tried to challenge the cruel ideology, but the lack of right for women to vote was continued → The ‘mainfest destiny’ which is a belief which fueled the westward expansion that americans were destined to expand throughout the continent. → This led to the indian removal act, which forcefully relocated indigenous nations from their hometown to areas west of the mississipi river → Slavery in the 19th century was quite significant American History Final check 2  → The writing of the American constituition raised debates around slavery, but Because of southern delegates whose support of slavery was not overruled, it continued and furthermore the enslaved individuals were seen as ‘three-fifth’ of a person regarding representation → Many abolitionists tried different ways to end slavery, such as reaching out to public through speeches, newspaper articles, etc. → The backdrop for the information they shared with the public were writings of slaves, sharing their experiences and sufferings → With the writing of the American constitution, slavery gaining of independance, slavery was mostly ‘set free’ - it did not end yet. Every state had the decision themselves to discontinue or continue slavery → While the northern states abolished slavery almost entirely, the southern states were stubborn in a way, leading to the emergence of north-south divide → That is why southern states saw several revolts by enslaved people, including notable uprisings in Virginia and Louisiana. By 1850, approximately 33% of the Southern population were enslaved individuals, with even higher percentages in specific regions → Finally, the american civil war ended slavery completely, unfortunately it did not end racial discrimination British romanticism → This period shares the similarity of nature being a major theme used by authors American romantism → It is also called ‘american renaissance’, as it marked the period where authors aimed to create a distinct american literary identity → The themes present were mainly nature and vastly american landscapes → Those were written in form of poetry & short stories Similarities: American History Final check 3  → A certain similarity is that both literary identied shared certain topics → Both favored landscapes, dreams, imagination and supernatural elements → Moreover, they often explored human emotions deeply through literary forms American poetry 19th century → Moreover, the american poetry in the 19th century adds creativity from extra-ordinary and innovative writers using free form and different punctuation styles → Moreover, the poetrys covered topics like war American transcendalism → It started as a philosophical movement with intellectuals among New England, inspired by german philiophy → They critized social conformity and embraced individuality and believed that nature could reveal one’s true self My notes for Key notes III Regionalism → This genre covered many small states of the United States, presenting its culture, local dialects and more → Included stereotypes about black and white people → Contained elements of the social critizism Modernism → During this genre, many authors turned from patriots into people who moved to america → Various reasons, to name a few: Critizising the restrictions in american society → Questioning the ‘american dream’, even calling it a myth → Experimenting in writing styles American History Final check 4  → This genre only covered white people though (which could be one of the main and valid reasons for the emergence of the Harlem renaissance) Why was the american dream dead? → The main cause for this was the great depression → Many lives were lost, many houses were destroyed and many families separated → In addition, jobs and savings were lost = people were broke → This demolished not only buildings and lives, but also the hopes and dreams of many americans → The literature during that time showcases the struggles and sufferings After world war II, the american economy started to prosper and people started to have faith again in the american dream The Harlem renaissance → Genre found in Harlem, New York → This genre created black american literature and culture → Writers were influenced by blues and jazz → Heavily influenced by the southern afro-americans moving to the northern states due to the seggregation laws in the southern state and to find factory jobs (As mentioned in a different post, the southern states were very tough and hardly let go of slavery, which did not make black americans happy) → Around 150.000 black americans moved to the northern states especially Harlem, which is why they call it ‘a city within a city’ American society → Flourished economy → Rising consumption of habitants → Persistent racism and seggregation → Fear of communism American History Final check 5  → Improved living standards for many → U.S. emerged as a superpower Civil rights movement → A period that aimed to end racism towards black people and discrimantory laws → Disobedient acts like boycott and non-violent protests → Since the abolition of slavery, racism still exists → in the North and South: often segregation in reality (e.g. in all-white and all-Black schools) → March on Washington (ca. 250,000 participants) + Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech → Malcolm X: doubted that peaceful actions are enough → Civil Rights Act → all segregation laws become invalid → Voting Rights Act → supposed to eliminate discrimination of Black voters Postmodernism → Not only a historic period but also literary → Usage of visual material (images, diagrams, etc.) → Mainly experimental in almost everything … especially Linguistics and writing style American History Final check 6