American History and Literature Overview
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Questions and Answers

Prior to European colonization, how were two-spirit individuals generally viewed within indigenous societies?

They were seen as glorious people with important roles in society.

What significant factor led to a drastic decline in the indigenous population post-European arrival?

The intentional spread of diseases and warfare.

What was a major theme within the literature of the early colonial period?

Documenting experiences in the new land and interactions with indigenous people.

Describe the social structures of Indigenous tribes prior to European colonization.

<p>They had a huge variety of rich traditions, cultures, and songs, which were passed down from generation to generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the arrival of European settlers affect the social perception of two-spirit people?

<p>They were seen as problematic and different, and were often abandoned by society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary economic catalyst for the widespread suffering in America described in the text?

<p>The Great Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common element included in the writings of the colonial literature period?

<p>Personal testimonials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of music heavily influenced the writers of the Harlem Renaissance?

<p>Blues and Jazz</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor that led to the migration of African Americans to northern states during the Harlem Renaissance?

<p>Segregation laws in the Southern states and factory jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides personal testimonials, what did colonial period literature encourage?

<p>Colonialization efforts and spread of religious beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main, historical conflict of the colonial period, according to the text?

<p>Ongoing conflicts between european settlers and the indigenous habitants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two factors contributed to America's rising consumption during the era described in the text?

<p>Flourishing economy and improved living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economy characterized colonial society?

<p>Agrarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

What persistent societal issues continued to affect America despite a flourishing economy

<p>Racism and segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical shift led to urbanization in the 19th century?

<p>The shift from agrarian to industrial economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Civil Rights Movement?

<p>To end racism towards black people and discriminatory laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of disobedient act used during the civil rights movement

<p>Boycotts or Non-Violent protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept relegated men to the public sphere and women to the private sphere during the 19th century?

<p>Separate spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'manifest destiny' belief that led to westward expansion?

<p>That Americans were destined to expand throughout the continent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite the abolition of slavery, what continued to persist in the US?

<p>Racism and segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the ‘three-fifth’ compromise?

<p>Enslaved individuals were seen as three-fifth of a person regarding representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pivotal event ultimately led to the complete abolishment of slavery in the United States?

<p>The American Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for American Romanticism?

<p>American Renaissance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two common themes shared between British and American Romanticism.

<p>Landscapes and the supernatural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What philosophical movement influenced American Transcendentalism?

<p>German philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Transcendentalists believe nature was capable of revealing?

<p>One's true self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typical of 19th-century American poetry?

<p>Free form and innovative punctuation styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical characteristic of Regionalism?

<p>The cultures and dialects of small areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary critique of the 'American Dream' during the Modernism movement?

<p>That it was a myth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limiting factor of the literature of the Modernism genre?

<p>It only covered white people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the emergence of the Harlem Renaissance?

<p>The lack of representation in the Modernism genre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pre-colonial indigenous tribes

North American tribes with rich traditions and social structures before European settlement.

Two-spirit people

Indigenous individuals recognized for embodying both male and female traits, valued in many tribes.

Impact of European settlement

European arrival drastically reduced Native populations from millions to around 250,000.

Social structure changes

Indigenous social systems altered due to European influence, affecting roles like two-spirit individuals.

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Colonial literature

Writings from the 17th-18th centuries documenting European experiences and interactions with Native peoples.

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Personal Testimonials

Firsthand accounts included in writings to support ideas.

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American Colonialism

Efforts to establish colonies and spread religious beliefs.

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Agrarian Society

A society primarily based on agriculture and farming.

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19th Century Industrial Shift

Transition from agrarian to industrial economies, leading to urbanization.

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Separate-Spheres Ideology

A belief that men belong in public work and women at home.

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Manifest Destiny

The belief that Americans were destined to expand across the continent.

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Indian Removal Act

Legislation that forced relocation of indigenous nations to the west.

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Three-Fifths Compromise

A constitutional clause counting enslaved individuals as three-fifths of a person for representation.

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Great Depression

A severe global economic downturn in the 1930s that caused widespread hardship.

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Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, New York, celebrating Black American culture.

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Influence of Blues and Jazz

Musical genres that shaped the themes and style of Harlem Renaissance literature.

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Migration of African Americans

The movement of approximately 150,000 Black Americans to northern cities for jobs during the Great Migration.

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Civil Rights Movement

A struggle for social justice aimed at ending racial discrimination and achieving equality for Black Americans.

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Persistent Racism

Ongoing social issues related to systemic racism and segregation in the United States.

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Economic Prosperity After WWII

Economic growth following World War II, leading to improved living standards for many Americans.

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Boycotts and Non-violent Protests

Methods used during the Civil Rights Movement to resist discrimination without violence.

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Slavery in the American Constitution

The constitution allowed states to decide whether to continue slavery after independence.

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Northern vs. Southern States

Northern states mostly abolished slavery, while Southern states continued it, creating a divide.

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Slave Revolts

Enslaved individuals in the South revolted, notably in Virginia and Louisiana.

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American Civil War impact

The Civil War led to the complete end of slavery, but racial discrimination persisted.

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British Romanticism

Literary period focused on nature and human emotion in writing.

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American Renaissance

A literary movement aimed at establishing a distinct American identity with themes of nature.

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Themes in American Literature

Both British and American Romanticism favored landscapes, imagination, and deep emotions.

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19th Century American Poetry

Poetry featured innovative styles and explored themes like war and freedom.

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Transcendentalism

Philosophical movement emphasizing individuality and nature revealing one's true self.

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Regionalism

Literary genre showcasing the culture and dialects of various U.S. regions, including social criticism of stereotypes.

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Study Notes

American History Final Check - Key Notes

  • Pre-Colonial Period: Indigenous tribes thrived with diverse cultures and traditions passed down through generations. They had complex social structures, including two-spirit people, who held vital roles.

  • Early Colonial Period: The arrival of European settlers drastically changed the situation. Indigenous populations decreased significantly (from an estimated 2-18 million to roughly 250,000) due to disease and warfare. This also impacted social structures and affected two-spirit individuals, who were often abandoned and marginalized.

American Literature in 17th-18th Centuries

  • Literature documented the experiences of colonists and indigenous peoples, often including personal accounts.
  • Writing styles were straightforward for clarity, promoting colonial efforts and religious beliefs.
  • Historical events like conflicts between settlers and indigenous peoples were common themes.
  • Colonial societies, predominantly agrarian, were a focus in this period.

19th Century Key Notes

  • The shift from agrarian to industrial economies led to urbanization, with people moving to cities for factory jobs.
  • The "separate spheres" ideology reinforced traditional gender roles, distinguishing between public (men) and private (women) spheres.
  • Early women's rights movements challenged the existing societal norms.
  • "Manifest Destiny" fueled westward expansion, leading to conflicts with indigenous populations and the Indian Removal Act. Slavery remained a significant societal issue.

19th Century American Literature

  • Themes included nature, human emotions and the development of a distinct American literary identity.
  • Authors used various writing forms like poetry and short stories reflected American landscapes.

20th Century Regionalism and Modernism in America

  • This literary genre focused on the cultures and specific states in the US.

  • Themes included stereotypical depictions of racial groups.

  • Also, social criticism and questioning of societal norms are included in modernism literature

  • The Failure of the American Dream (Great Depression): The Great Depression severely damaged the American Dream, leading to job losses, home destruction, separation of families, and a sense of hopelessness.

  • Harlem Renaissance: A cultural movement in Harlem, New York, that featured black American literature and culture. This was influenced by blues and jazz music and was heavily impacted by the movement of African Americans from the South to the North due to segregation.

  • Civil Rights Movement: This period aimed to end racism and discrimination against Black people. Nonviolent acts, such as boycotts and protests, were common. Historical events like the March on Washington were significant. The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act aimed to eliminate discriminatory practices.

  • Postmodernism: Postmodernism is a period of primarily experimental literature featuring visual elements (images, diagrams, etc.).

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Description

Explore the crucial developments in American history, focusing on the pre-colonial and early colonial periods. Understand how these events shaped indigenous cultures and the literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. This quiz will test your knowledge on the impacts of colonization and the evolution of literary expressions during this transformative era.

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